Chapter: Sentences
📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
sentencesubjectverbobjectcomplementaffirmativenegativeassertiveinterrogativeimperativeexclamatoryauxiliarymodaltransitiveintransitivequerycommandinstructionrequestexclamation
📃 Word Formation Rules
► Add the prefix un- to make an opposite adjective: happy → unhappy.
► Add the prefix dis- to form an opposite or negative word: like → dislike, agreement → disagreement.
► Add the prefix in- to form a negative noun: ability → inability.
► Add -ment to a verb to form a noun: agree → agreement, excite → excitement.
► Add -tion to a verb to form a noun: instruct → instruction, interrogate → interrogation.
► Add -ful to a noun to form an adjective: wonder → wonderful.
► Use -ly to form an adverb from an adjective: careful → carefully.
1. Sentence Basics (8 words)
sentence[/ˈsentəns/]nouneasy
Meaning: বাক্য
Alt: a group of words expressing a complete sense
Example: A sentence begins with a capital letter.
Syn: statementAnt: fragment
💡 Exam tip: Remember that a sentence must express a complete sense.
word[/wɜːrd/]nouneasy
Meaning: শব্দ
Alt: a unit of language with meaning
Example: Every sentence is made up of words.
Syn: term
💡 Exam tip: Words must be arranged in the proper order to form a sentence.
subject[/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: কর্তা
Alt: the person or thing spoken about
Example: Rina sings well.
Syn: doerAnt: object
💡 Exam tip: Ask who or what performs the action to find the subject.
verb[/vɜːrb/]nouneasy
Meaning: ক্রিয়া
Alt: a word that shows an action or state
Example: The boy plays football.
Syn: action word
💡 Exam tip: Underline the verb when identifying sentence structure.
object[/ˈɒbdʒɪkt/]nounmedium
Meaning: কর্ম
Alt: the person or thing affected by an action
Example: She reads a book.
Syn: receiverAnt: subject
💡 Exam tip: Ask what or whom after the verb to find the object.
complement[/ˈkɒmplɪmənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: পরিপূরক
Alt: a word or phrase completing the meaning
Example: Mina is a student.
Syn: completion
💡 Exam tip: A linking verb is often followed by a complement.
meaning[/ˈmiːnɪŋ/]nouneasy
Meaning: অর্থ
Alt: the sense expressed by words
Example: This sentence has a clear meaning.
Syn: senseAnt: meaninglessness
💡 Exam tip: A sentence without complete meaning is not a full sentence.
sequence[/ˈsiːkwəns/]nounmedium
Meaning: ক্রম
Alt: the proper order of words or events
Example: The words must be placed in a proper sequence.
Syn: orderAnt: disorder
💡 Exam tip: Correct word order is essential for sentence formation.
2. Affirmative and Assertive Sentences (8 words)
affirmative[/əˈfɜːrmətɪv/]adjmedium
Meaning: হ্যাঁ-সূচক বা ইতিবাচক
Alt: expressing agreement or a positive statement
Example: She is a good dancer.
Syn: positiveAnt: negative
💡 Exam tip: An affirmative sentence makes a positive statement.
assertive[/əˈsɜːrtɪv/]adjhard
Meaning: বিবৃতিমূলক
Alt: stating a fact or opinion
Example: Alfaz lives in a small town.
Syn: declarativeAnt: interrogative
💡 Exam tip: Both affirmative and negative sentences are assertive sentences.
statement[/ˈsteɪtmənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: বিবৃতি
Alt: a sentence that gives information
Example: The sentence is a statement about nature.
Syn: declarationAnt: question
💡 Exam tip: Identify whether the sentence gives information or asks a question.
positive[/ˈpɒzətɪv/]adjeasy
Meaning: ইতিবাচক
Alt: showing agreement or approval
Example: He gave a positive answer.
Syn: affirmativeAnt: negative
💡 Exam tip: Positive and affirmative have similar meanings in grammar.
linking[/ˈlɪŋkɪŋ/]adjmedium
Meaning: সংযোজক
Alt: joining the subject to its complement
Example: The word is links the subject and complement.
Syn: connectingAnt: separating
💡 Exam tip: Common linking verbs include be, seem, become, and feel.
intransitive[/ɪnˈtrænzətɪv/]adjhard
Meaning: অকর্মক
Alt: not taking an object
Example: The baby sleeps peacefully.
Syn: objectlessAnt: transitive
💡 Exam tip: An intransitive verb does not need an object.
transitive[/ˈtrænzətɪv/]adjhard
Meaning: সকর্মক
Alt: taking an object
Example: They play cricket.
Syn: object-takingAnt: intransitive
💡 Exam tip: A transitive verb is followed by an object.
predicate[/ˈpredɪkeɪt/]nounhard
Meaning: বিধেয়
Alt: the part of a sentence that says something about the subject
Example: In The girl sings, sings is part of the predicate.
Syn: verb phraseAnt: subject
💡 Exam tip: The predicate usually contains the verb.
3. Negative Sentences (8 words)
negative[/ˈneɡətɪv/]adjeasy
Meaning: নেতিবাচক
Alt: expressing denial or absence
Example: He does not like city life.
Syn: denyingAnt: affirmative
💡 Exam tip: Negative sentences often use not, never, no, or hardly.
dislike[/dɪsˈlaɪk/]verbeasy
Meaning: অপছন্দ করা
Alt: to have an unfavourable feeling about something
Example: I dislike noisy places.
Syn: hateAnt: like
💡 Exam tip: Use do not or does not before dislike in the simple present.
disapproval[/ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl/]nounmedium
Meaning: অসম্মতি
Alt: the feeling of not approving something
Example: Her words showed disapproval.
Syn: objectionAnt: approval
💡 Exam tip: Negative sentences can express disapproval.
disagreement[/ˌdɪsəˈɡriːmənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: মতানৈক্য
Alt: a difference of opinion
Example: They had a disagreement about the plan.
Syn: differenceAnt: agreement
💡 Exam tip: Use a negative sentence to disagree politely.
inability[/ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/]nounmedium
Meaning: অক্ষমতা
Alt: lack of ability to do something
Example: His inability to walk worried us.
Syn: powerlessnessAnt: ability
💡 Exam tip: Modal verbs such as cannot and could not express inability.
auxiliary[/ɔːɡˈzɪliəri/]nounhard
Meaning: সহায়ক ক্রিয়া
Alt: a supporting verb used with a main verb
Example: Does is an auxiliary verb in the question.
Syn: helping verb
💡 Exam tip: Do, does, and did help to form negative sentences.
modal[/ˈməʊdəl/]nounhard
Meaning: ভাবসূচক সহায়ক ক্রিয়া
Alt: a verb showing ability, possibility, or necessity
Example: You cannot enter the room.
Syn: modal verb
💡 Exam tip: Put not after a modal verb: cannot, should not, or will not.
absence[/ˈæbsəns/]nounmedium
Meaning: অনুপস্থিতি
Alt: the state of being away
Example: I felt sad in the absence of my friend.
Syn: nonattendanceAnt: presence
💡 Exam tip: Learn absence and presence as a useful antonym pair.
4. Interrogative Sentences (8 words)
interrogative[/ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətɪv/]adjmedium
Meaning: প্রশ্নবোধক
Alt: used for asking a question
Example: Is he at the hospital? is an interrogative sentence.
Syn: questioningAnt: assertive
💡 Exam tip: An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark.
query[/ˈkwɪəri/]nounmedium
Meaning: জিজ্ঞাসা
Alt: a question asking for information
Example: The mother made a query about the patient.
Syn: questionAnt: answer
💡 Exam tip: Query is a formal synonym of question.
information[/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: তথ্য
Alt: facts or details about something
Example: The interviewer asked for information.
Syn: dataAnt: ignorance
💡 Exam tip: Wh-questions usually ask for information.
interview[/ˈɪntəvjuː/]nouneasy
Meaning: সাক্ষাৎকার
Alt: a formal conversation in which questions are asked
Example: We took an interview of our friend.
Syn: questioning
💡 Exam tip: Use who, what, where, when, why, and how in an interview.
question[/ˈkwestʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: প্রশ্ন
Alt: a sentence used to ask something
Example: What is your name? is a question.
Syn: queryAnt: answer
💡 Exam tip: A question mark is written at the end of a direct question.
wh-word[/ˈdʌbəljuː eɪtʃ wɜːrd/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রশ্নসূচক শব্দ
Alt: a word such as who, what, when, or why
Example: When did you arrive? begins with a wh-word.
Syn: question word
💡 Exam tip: Wh-words introduce information questions.
yes/no[/jes nəʊ/]adjmedium
Meaning: হ্যাঁ/না-সূচক
Alt: a question answerable by yes or no
Example: Is he still at home? is a yes/no question.
Syn: closedAnt: open
💡 Exam tip: These questions usually begin with a be verb or auxiliary verb.
interrogation[/ɪnˌterəˈɡeɪʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: জিজ্ঞাসাবাদ
Alt: the act of asking questions
Example: The interview involved careful interrogation.
Syn: questioningAnt: response
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse interrogation with interrogative; the latter describes a sentence type.
5. Imperative Sentences (8 words)
imperative[/ɪmˈperətɪv/]adjmedium
Meaning: আদেশসূচক
Alt: giving a command, instruction, or request
Example: Please keep silent is an imperative sentence.
Syn: commandingAnt: optional
💡 Exam tip: An imperative sentence usually begins with the base form of a verb.
command[/kəˈmɑːnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: আদেশ
Alt: an instruction to do something
Example: Stand up is a command.
Syn: orderAnt: obedience
💡 Exam tip: Commands often omit the subject you.
instruction[/ɪnˈstrʌkʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: নির্দেশনা
Alt: information about how to do something
Example: Follow the instructions carefully.
Syn: directionAnt: confusion
💡 Exam tip: Recipes and directions commonly use imperative sentences.
request[/rɪˈkwest/]nouneasy
Meaning: অনুরোধ
Alt: a polite appeal for something
Example: Please open the door is a request.
Syn: appealAnt: refusal
💡 Exam tip: Use please to make an imperative sentence polite.
advice[/ədˈvaɪs/]nounmedium
Meaning: পরামর্শ
Alt: an opinion about what someone should do
Example: Take care of your health is good advice.
Syn: guidanceAnt: misguidance
💡 Exam tip: Advice is uncountable; do not write advices.
recipe[/ˈresəpi/]nouneasy
Meaning: রন্ধনপ্রণালী
Alt: instructions for preparing food or drink
Example: The recipe tells us how to make an omelet.
Syn: method
💡 Exam tip: Use action verbs such as add, stir, pour, and boil in a recipe.
base[/beɪs/]nounmedium
Meaning: মূল রূপ
Alt: the simplest form of a verb
Example: Write is the base form of wrote.
Syn: rootAnt: derived form
💡 Exam tip: Imperative sentences use the base form of the verb.
direction[/dəˈrekʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: দিকনির্দেশ
Alt: information about how to reach a place
Example: Turn left and follow the direction.
Syn: guidanceAnt: misdirection
💡 Exam tip: Use turn, cross, go, and find to give directions.
6. Exclamatory Sentences and Punctuation (8 words)
exclamatory[/ɪkˈsklæmətəri/]adjmedium
Meaning: বিস্ময়সূচক
Alt: expressing strong feeling or excitement
Example: What a beautiful view! is an exclamatory sentence.
Syn: emotionalAnt: calm
💡 Exam tip: An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark.
excitement[/ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: উত্তেজনা বা আনন্দ
Alt: a feeling of great enthusiasm
Example: The child shouted with excitement.
Syn: thrillAnt: boredom
💡 Exam tip: Exclamatory sentences often express excitement or surprise.
surprise[/səˈpraɪz/]nouneasy
Meaning: বিস্ময়
Alt: a feeling caused by something unexpected
Example: What a great surprise!
Syn: astonishmentAnt: expectation
💡 Exam tip: What a and how are common patterns for expressing surprise.
wonderful[/ˈwʌndəfəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: চমৎকার
Alt: very pleasing or impressive
Example: How wonderful your country is!
Syn: excellentAnt: terrible
💡 Exam tip: After how, an adjective usually comes in an exclamatory sentence.
fantastic[/fænˈtæstɪk/]adjeasy
Meaning: অসাধারণ
Alt: extremely good or impressive
Example: What a fantastic view!
Syn: marvellousAnt: ordinary
💡 Exam tip: Fantastic is a useful adjective for expressing strong admiration.
hurray[/hʊˈreɪ/]adveasy
Meaning: সাবাশ বা আনন্দধ্বনি
Alt: an expression of joy or celebration
Example: Hurray! Our team has won.
Syn: hoorayAnt: alas
💡 Exam tip: Hurray is usually followed by an exclamation mark.
alas[/əˈlæs/]advmedium
Meaning: হায়
Alt: an expression of sorrow or pity
Example: Alas! His father is no more.
Syn: unfortunatelyAnt: hurray
💡 Exam tip: Use alas to express grief or sadness.
exclamation[/ˌekskləˈmeɪʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: বিস্ময়সূচক চিহ্ন
Alt: the mark (!) used to show strong feeling
Example: Put an exclamation mark after Wow!
Syn: exclamation markAnt: full stop
💡 Exam tip: Do not use a question mark after an exclamatory sentence.
💡 Exam Tips
• A sentence is a group of words arranged in proper order and expressing a complete sense.
• Affirmative and negative sentences together form assertive sentences.
• A negative sentence commonly uses not after an auxiliary, be verb, or modal verb.
• An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.
• Yes/no questions usually begin with a be verb or auxiliary verb.
• Wh-questions begin with who, what, when, where, why, which, whom, whose, or how.
• An imperative sentence begins with the base form of a verb and gives a command, instruction, advice, or request.
• Use do not or does not with the base verb in the simple present negative.
• Use please before or after an imperative sentence to make it a polite request.
• An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling and ends with an exclamation mark.
• Use how before an adjective and what before a noun in common exclamatory patterns.
• Remember the structures: subject + verb + object; subject + linking verb + complement; subject + auxiliary + not + main verb.