Chapter: The Tense
đ Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Seven
â Most Important Exam Words
tensetimeactionstatepresentpastfuturehabitroutineusuallyalwaysoftenfacttruthyesterdayagocompletedarrivedeparttomorrowsoonnextplanschedulewillexpectpromisebaseauxiliaryregularirregularsimplecontinuousperfectparticipleconsistencysequenceshiftbeforeafterwhile
đ Word Formation Rules
âē Regular past tense: verb + ed, āϝā§āĻŽāύ play â played, visit â visited.
âē āϝ⧠verb-āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠e āĻāĻā§, āϏā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻļā§āϧ⧠d āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝā§āĻŽāύ love â loved.
âē āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āĻāύāĻŦāϰā§āĻŖā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠y āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠y āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ i āĻāĻŦāĻ ed āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝā§āĻŽāύ study â studied.
âē āĻāĻ syllable-āĻāϰ short vowel-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ consonant āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āĻļā§āώ consonant āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻŖ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āϝā§āĻŽāύ stop â stopped.
âē Third-person singular simple present: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ verb + s, āϝā§āĻŽāύ read â reads.
âē s, sh, ch, x, āĻŦāĻž o āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āώ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž verb-āĻ third-person singular-āĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ es āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝā§āĻŽāύ watch â watches, go â goes.
âē Consonant + y āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āώ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž verb-āĻ third-person singular-āĻ y āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ ies āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝā§āĻŽāύ study â studies.
âē Present continuous: am, is, āĻŦāĻž are + verb-ing, āϝā§āĻŽāύ read â is reading.
âē Past continuous: was āĻŦāĻž were + verb-ing, āϝā§āĻŽāύ play â was playing.
âē Perfect form: have, has, āĻŦāĻž had + past participle, āϝā§āĻŽāύ write â has written.
âē Future form: will + base verb, āϝā§āĻŽāύ visit â will visit.
âē Irregular verbs āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ ed āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž, āϝā§āĻŽāύ go â went â gone āĻāĻŦāĻ write â wrote â written.
1. The Tense (8 words)
tense[/tens/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϞ
Alt: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖāĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒ
Example: Tense shows the time of an action.
Syn: verb formAnt: timelessness
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§: tense āĻŽā§āϞāϤ verb-āĻāϰ form-āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
time[/taÉĒm/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϞ
Example: Time tells us when an action happens.
Syn: periodAnt: timelessness
đĄ Exam tip: Tense āĻāĻŦāĻ time āĻāĻ āύāϝāĻŧ; time āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, tense āĻšāϞ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖāĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒāĨ¤
action[/ËÃĻkĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϞāĻžāĻĒ
Example: The verb describes the action in the sentence.
Syn: actAnt: inaction
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠action āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰāϤ⧠verb āĻļāύāĻžāĻā§āϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
state[/steÉĒt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ
Example: The verb can show an action or a state.
Syn: conditionAnt: change
đĄ Exam tip: Know, like, and be-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠verb āĻ
āύā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ state āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
present[/ËprezÉnt/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ
Alt: āĻāĻāύāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The present tense often describes habits and facts.
Syn: currentAnt: past
đĄ Exam tip: Present tense-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻāĻā§āϤ: now, every day, always, usuallyāĨ¤
past[/pÉËst/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āϤā§āϤ
Alt: āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ
Example: The past tense describes a finished action.
Syn: previousAnt: future
đĄ Exam tip: Yesterday, ago, last week āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ past tense-āĻāϰ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϏāĻāĻā§āϤāĨ¤
future[/ËfjuËtĘÉ(r)/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝā§
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The future tense refers to an action that has not happened yet.
Syn: forthcomingAnt: past
đĄ Exam tip: Tomorrow, next year, and soon āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
form[/fÉËrm/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϰā§āĻĒ
Alt: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: The verb form changes according to tense.
Syn: shapeAnt: disorder
đĄ Exam tip: Verb-āĻāϰ base form, past form, āĻāĻŦāĻ past participle form āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤
2. Present Tense Vocabulary (8 words)
habit[/ËhÃĻbÉĒt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Alt: āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ
Example: Rina reads books as a daily habit.
Syn: customAnt: irregularity
đĄ Exam tip: āĻ
āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ simple present tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
routine[/ruËËtiËn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻž
Alt: āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ
Example: My morning routine begins at six o'clock.
Syn: scheduleAnt: disorder
đĄ Exam tip: Daily routine paragraph-āĻ simple present tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
usually[/ËjuËĘuÉli/]adveasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ
Alt: āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ
Example: He usually walks to school.
Syn: normallyAnt: rarely
đĄ Exam tip: Usually, always, often, āĻāĻŦāĻ sometimes present tense-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
always[/ËÉËlweÉĒz/]adveasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž
Example: The sun always rises in the east.
Syn: continuallyAnt: never
đĄ Exam tip: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻ āĻ
āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠always-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ simple present āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
often[/ËÉfÉn/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ
Example: We often play football after school.
Syn: frequentlyAnt: seldom
đĄ Exam tip: Often āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ main verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ be verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
fact[/fÃĻkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāϤā§āϝ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ
Example: Water boils at one hundred degrees Celsius is a scientific fact.
Syn: truthAnt: falsehood
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻŋāϰāύā§āϤāύ āϏāϤā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ simple present tense-āĻ āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
truth[/truËθ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāϤā§āϝāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ
Example: The truth remains unchanged.
Syn: factAnt: lie
đĄ Exam tip: General truth-āĻāϰ verb-āĻ subject āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ s āĻŦāĻž es āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
happen[/ËhÃĻpÉn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻāĻāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Accidents sometimes happen on busy roads.
Syn: occurAnt: prevent
đĄ Exam tip: Happen-āĻāϰ third-person singular form āĻšāϞ⧠happensāĨ¤
3. Past Tense Vocabulary (8 words)
completed[/kÉmËpliËtÉĒd/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ
Alt: āĻļā§āώ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The completed action belongs to the past.
Syn: finishedAnt: unfinished
đĄ Exam tip: āĻ
āϤā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠past tense āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
yesterday[/ËjestÉdeÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāϤāĻāĻžāϞ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
Example: I visited my grandmother yesterday.
Syn: the previous dayAnt: tomorrow
đĄ Exam tip: Yesterday āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ verb-āĻāϰ past form āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
ago[/ÉËÉĄÉĘ/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻāĻā§
Alt: āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§
Example: The train left ten minutes ago.
Syn: beforeAnt: later
đĄ Exam tip: Ago āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ simple past tense-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
arrive[/ÉËraÉĒv/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāύā§
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠āĻāϏ⧠āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The bus arrived late yesterday.
Syn: reachAnt: depart
đĄ Exam tip: Arrive-āĻāϰ past form āĻšāϞ⧠arrived; arrive at a place āĻāĻŦāĻ arrive in a city āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
depart[/dÉĒËpÉËrt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϰāĻāύāĻž āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The flight departed at noon.
Syn: leaveAnt: arrive
đĄ Exam tip: Depart-āĻāϰ past form departedāĨ¤
visited[/ËvÉĒzÉĒtÉĒd/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ
Example: We visited the National Museum last Friday.
Syn: called onAnt: avoided
đĄ Exam tip: Visit āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ regular verb; past form-āĻ ed āϝā§āĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
story[/ËstÉËri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāϞā§āĻĒ
Alt: āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰāĻŖ
Example: The writer told the story in the past tense.
Syn: taleAnt: fact
đĄ Exam tip: Past events-āĻāϰ āĻāϞā§āĻĒā§ tense consistency āĻŦāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
earlier[/ËÉËrliÉr/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻā§
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§
Example: She had arrived earlier than her friends.
Syn: previouslyAnt: later
đĄ Exam tip: Earlier āĻ
āϤā§āϤā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
4. Future Tense Vocabulary (8 words)
tomorrow[/tÉËmÉrÉĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϞ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāύ
Example: We will meet tomorrow.
Syn: the next dayAnt: yesterday
đĄ Exam tip: Tomorrow future meaning āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ; will meet-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻ āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
soon[/suËn/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻā§āϰāĻ
Alt: āĻ
āϞā§āĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§
Example: The examination will begin soon.
Syn: shortlyAnt: late
đĄ Exam tip: Soon āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
next[/nekst/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§
Alt: āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ
Example: Our school will reopen next month.
Syn: followingAnt: previous
đĄ Exam tip: Next week, next month, āĻāĻŦāĻ next year future time markerāĨ¤
plan[/plÃĻn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϰā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž
Example: Our plan is to visit Cox's Bazar.
Syn: arrangementAnt: improvisation
đĄ Exam tip: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠be going to āĻŦāĻž present continuous-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
schedule[/ËskedĘuËl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻž
Example: The train leaves at eight according to the schedule.
Syn: timetableAnt: disorder
đĄ Exam tip: āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠simple present āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻ future meaning āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
will[/wÉĒl/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāϰāĻŦā§
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ auxiliary verb
Example: I will help you with your homework.
Syn: shallAnt: would not
đĄ Exam tip: Will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏā§: will go, will readāĨ¤
expect[/ÉĒkËspekt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāϰāĻž
Example: We expect the results will be published soon.
Syn: anticipateAnt: doubt
đĄ Exam tip: Expect āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
promise[/ËprÉmÉĒs/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻ
āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: I promise that I will study regularly.
Syn: pledgeAnt: break
đĄ Exam tip: Promise-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠future clause-āĻ will āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
5. Tense Forms and Auxiliary Verbs (8 words)
base[/beÉĒs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āϞ āϰā§āĻĒ
Alt: verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž dictionary form
Example: The base form of went is go.
Syn: rootAnt: derived form
đĄ Exam tip: Will, can, may, and must-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
auxiliary[/ÉËÉĄËzÉĒliÉri/]adjectivehard
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ verb-āĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Will is an auxiliary verb in the sentence.
Syn: helpingAnt: main
đĄ Exam tip: Be, have, do, will, āĻāĻŦāĻ shall auxiliary verb āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
regular[/ËreÉĄjÉlÉr/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Played is the past form of the regular verb play.
Syn: usualAnt: irregular
đĄ Exam tip: Regular verb-āĻāϰ past form āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ ed āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
irregular[/ÉĒËreÉĄjÉlÉr/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āĻ
āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Went is an irregular past form of go.
Syn: unusualAnt: regular
đĄ Exam tip: Go-went-gone, write-wrote-written-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠irregular verb āĻŽā§āĻāϏā§āĻĨ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
simple[/ËsÉĒmpÉl/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Simple present expresses habits and general truths.
Syn: basicAnt: complex
đĄ Exam tip: Simple tense-āĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
continuous[/kÉnËtÉĒnjuÉs/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻāĻžāύāĻž āĻāϞāϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: She is reading a book in the continuous form.
Syn: ongoingAnt: interrupted
đĄ Exam tip: Continuous form: be verb + verb-ingāĨ¤
perfect[/ËpÉËrfÉĒkt/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āώ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The perfect form shows a completed action.
Syn: completedAnt: incomplete
đĄ Exam tip: Perfect form: have, has, or had + past participleāĨ¤
participle[/pÉËrËtÉĒsÉĒpÉl/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āϰā§āĻĒ
Alt: verb-āĻāϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āϰā§āĻĒ āϝāĻž tense āĻŦāĻž adjective-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
Example: Written is the past participle of write.
Syn: verb formAnt: finite verb
đĄ Exam tip: Past participle perfect tense āĻ passive voice-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
6. Tense Consistency and Time Expressions (8 words)
consistency[/kÉnËsÉĒstÉnsi/]nounhard
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āĻāϏā§āϝ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āϰā§āĻĒ āĻŦāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: Tense consistency makes writing clear.
Syn: uniformityAnt: inconsistency
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ tense āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤
sequence[/ËsiËkwÉns/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻŽ
Alt: āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Example: The sequence of events was easy to understand.
Syn: orderAnt: disorder
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ sequence āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āĻšāϞ⧠tense āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
sudden[/ËsĘdÉn/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻšāĻ āĻžā§ āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: A sudden tense shift can confuse the reader.
Syn: unexpectedAnt: gradual
đĄ Exam tip: Time frame āύāĻž āĻŦāĻĻāϞāĻžāϞ⧠sudden tense shift āĻā§āϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻāĻŖā§āϝ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
shift[/ĘÉĒft/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ
Alt: āĻāĻ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϰā§āĻĒ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āϰā§āĻĒā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: There is an unnecessary shift from past to present tense.
Syn: changeAnt: stability
đĄ Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž past āĻĨā§āĻā§ present-āĻ shift āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϞā§āĨ¤
frame[/freÉĒm/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻŽāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϏāϰ
Example: Keep the same tense when the time frame does not change.
Syn: periodAnt: timelessness
đĄ Exam tip: Time frame āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϞ⧠tense āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻāϰāĻž āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
before[/bÉĒËfÉËr/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻāĻā§
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§
Example: She finished her work before dinner.
Syn: previouslyAnt: after
đĄ Exam tip: Before-āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§-āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž clause āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§ tense āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
after[/ËÉËftÉ(r)/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰā§
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§
Example: He called me after he reached home.
Syn: laterAnt: before
đĄ Exam tip: After āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ; āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
while[/waÉĒl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϝāĻāύ
Alt: āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§
Example: While I was reading, my brother was playing.
Syn: during the timeAnt: afterwards
đĄ Exam tip: While-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠continuous tense āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ time expression āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§: now, every day, yesterday, ago, tomorrow āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤
âĸ Subject āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ āĻšāϞ⧠simple present-āĻ main verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ s āĻŦāĻž es āϝā§āĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻā§āϞāĻŦā§ āύāĻžāĨ¤
âĸ Did āĻŦāĻž does-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏā§: Did he go? Does she read?
âĸ Will-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠past form āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦā§ āύāĻž; āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒ āĻšāϞ⧠will go, will writeāĨ¤
âĸ Continuous tense-āĻ be verb āĻāĻŦāĻ verb-ing āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤
âĸ Perfect tense-āĻ have, has, āĻŦāĻž had-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠past participle āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
âĸ āĻāĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ tense consistency āĻŦāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
âĸ Yesterday, last night, āĻāĻŦāĻ ago āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ simple past āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
âĸ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāϤā§āϝ, āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝ, āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻ
āĻā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧠simple present āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
âĸ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāύ⧠simple present āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ: The train leaves at 8 a.m. tomorrow.
âĸ Fill in the blanks-āĻ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§ subject, time marker, āĻāĻŦāĻ auxiliary verbâāϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
âĸ āĻā§āϞ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϧāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠āĻļā§āϧ⧠time word āύāϝāĻŧ, verb form-āĻ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤