English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Statements - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Statements

📚 Vocabulary

English Grammar and Composition Class Seven

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

statementdirect speechindirect speechreporting verbinverted commastensepronounquestionaskedwhetherimperativecommandrequestadviceforbidproposeoptativewishprayblessprospersucceedexclamatoryexclaimhurrayalasbravojoygrief

📃 Word Formation Rules

► In direct speech, write the speaker's exact words inside inverted commas.

► When the reporting verb is in the past tense, simple present generally changes into simple past.

► Present continuous generally changes into past continuous in indirect speech.

► Present perfect generally changes into past perfect in indirect speech.

► Will generally changes into would after a past reporting verb.

► Now changes to then, today to that day, tomorrow to the next day, and yesterday to the previous day.

► For a yes-or-no question, use asked if or asked whether.

► For a wh-question, retain the question word but change the order into subject followed by verb.

► For a command, use told or ordered plus object plus to-infinitive.

► For a request, use asked or requested plus object plus to-infinitive.

► For a negative command, use told or forbade plus object plus not to-infinitive.

► Let us generally changes to proposed or suggested that they should.

► For a prayer beginning with may, use prayed that plus subject plus might.

► For a wish beginning with would, use wished that plus subject plus had been where appropriate.

► For an exclamation, use exclaimed with the appropriate emotion and change it into an assertive sentence.

1. Statements and Direct-Indirect Speech (8 words)

statement[/ˈsteɪtmənt/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিবৃতি বা বক্তব্য

Alt: একটি assertive sentence বা ঘোষণামূলক বাক্য

Example: He made a clear statement about the matter.

Syn: declarationAnt: question

💡 Exam tip: A statement usually changes into an assertive sentence in indirect speech.

direct[/dəˈrekt/]adjeasy

Meaning: সরাসরি

Alt: বক্তার হুবহু বলা কথা

Example: The direct speech is written within inverted commas.

Syn: straightAnt: indirect

💡 Exam tip: Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker.

indirect[/ˌɪndəˈrekt/]adjeasy

Meaning: পরোক্ষ

Alt: অন্যের বক্তব্য নিজের ভাষায় প্রকাশিত

Example: She changed the direct speech into indirect speech.

Syn: reportedAnt: direct

💡 Exam tip: Indirect speech does not use inverted commas.

report[/rɪˈpɔːrt/]verbmedium

Meaning: জানানো বা প্রতিবেদন করা

Alt: কারও বক্তব্য পরোক্ষভাবে প্রকাশ করা

Example: He reported what his friend had said.

Syn: informAnt: conceal

💡 Exam tip: Use reporting verbs such as said, told, asked, and replied.

speaker[/ˈspiːkər/]nouneasy

Meaning: বক্তা

Alt: যিনি কথা বলেন

Example: The speaker expressed his opinion clearly.

Syn: talkerAnt: listener

💡 Exam tip: Pronouns in reported speech must agree with the speaker and listener.

quotation[/kwoʊˈteɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: উদ্ধৃতি

Alt: কারও হুবহু বলা কথা

Example: The quotation was placed inside inverted commas.

Syn: citationAnt: paraphrase

💡 Exam tip: A quotation in direct speech begins with a capital letter.

inverted[/ɪnˈvɜːrtɪd/]adjmedium

Meaning: উল্টো বা বিপরীতমুখী

Alt: উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্ন সম্পর্কিত

Example: The exact words were put inside inverted commas.

Syn: reversedAnt: upright

💡 Exam tip: Inverted commas are removed when direct speech becomes indirect.

comma[/ˈkɑːmə/]nouneasy

Meaning: কমা

Alt: একটি বিরামচিহ্ন

Example: A comma separates the reporting clause from the quoted words.

Syn: punctuation markAnt: absence

💡 Exam tip: In direct speech, place a comma before the opening quotation mark when appropriate.

2. Tense and Time Changes (8 words)

tense[/tens/]nouneasy

Meaning: কাল

Alt: ক্রিয়ার সময় নির্দেশকারী রূপ

Example: The tense often changes when the reporting verb is in the past.

Syn: time formAnt: timelessness

💡 Exam tip: Simple present commonly changes into simple past after a past reporting verb.

present[/ˈprezənt/]adjeasy

Meaning: বর্তমান

Alt: বর্তমান সময়ের

Example: He says that he is present in the class.

Syn: currentAnt: past

💡 Exam tip: A present reporting verb generally does not change the tense of the reported speech.

past[/pæst/]adjeasy

Meaning: অতীত

Alt: আগের সময়ের

Example: She said that she had completed the work in the past.

Syn: formerAnt: future

💡 Exam tip: A past reporting verb usually causes backshift of tense.

change[/tʃeɪndʒ/]verbeasy

Meaning: পরিবর্তন করা

Alt: এক রূপ থেকে অন্য রূপে নেওয়া

Example: Change the pronoun according to the meaning.

Syn: alterAnt: retain

💡 Exam tip: Change tense, pronoun, time word, and place word carefully.

now[/naʊ/]adveasy

Meaning: এখন

Alt: বর্তমান সময়ে

Example: She said that she was busy then.

Syn: at presentAnt: later

💡 Exam tip: Now usually changes to then or at that time.

today[/təˈdeɪ/]adveasy

Meaning: আজ

Alt: এই দিনে

Example: He said that he would finish it that day.

Syn: this dayAnt: yesterday

💡 Exam tip: Today changes to that day in reported speech.

tomorrow[/təˈmɒroʊ/]adveasy

Meaning: আগামীকাল

Alt: পরের দিন

Example: She said that she would come the next day.

Syn: the following dayAnt: yesterday

💡 Exam tip: Tomorrow changes to the next day or the following day.

yesterday[/ˈjestərdeɪ/]adveasy

Meaning: গতকাল

Alt: আগের দিন

Example: He said that he had met her the previous day.

Syn: the day beforeAnt: tomorrow

💡 Exam tip: Yesterday changes to the previous day or the day before.

3. Questions in Reported Speech (8 words)

question[/ˈkwestʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: প্রশ্ন

Alt: উত্তর জানার জন্য করা বাক্য

Example: The teacher asked a difficult question.

Syn: queryAnt: answer

💡 Exam tip: Said changes to asked when the direct speech is a question.

ask[/æsk/]verbeasy

Meaning: জিজ্ঞাসা করা

Alt: কোনো তথ্য জানতে চাওয়া

Example: Mother asked Maria if she was hungry.

Syn: questionAnt: answer

💡 Exam tip: Use asked instead of said for reported questions.

whether[/ˈweðər/]advmedium

Meaning: কিনা

Alt: দুটি সম্ভাবনার মধ্যে অনিশ্চয়তা বোঝায়

Example: She asked whether I liked music.

Syn: ifAnt: certainly

💡 Exam tip: Whether can be used to report a yes-or-no question.

if[/ɪf/]adveasy

Meaning: কিনা

Alt: শর্ত বা অনিশ্চয়তা প্রকাশ করে

Example: He asked me if I was ready.

Syn: whetherAnt: surely

💡 Exam tip: Use if or whether after a reported yes-or-no question.

why[/waɪ/]adveasy

Meaning: কেন

Alt: কারণ জানতে ব্যবহৃত প্রশ্নবাচক শব্দ

Example: She asked why I was crying.

Syn: for what reasonAnt: therefore

💡 Exam tip: Wh-words remain unchanged in indirect questions.

where[/wer/]adveasy

Meaning: কোথায়

Alt: স্থান জানতে ব্যবহৃত শব্দ

Example: He asked me where I had been.

Syn: in what placeAnt: nowhere

💡 Exam tip: Keep where in the reported question and use statement word order.

when[/wen/]adveasy

Meaning: কখন

Alt: সময় জানতে ব্যবহৃত শব্দ

Example: She asked when I would start.

Syn: at what timeAnt: never

💡 Exam tip: Do not use a question mark at the end of an indirect question.

who[/huː/]nouneasy

Meaning: কে

Alt: কোন ব্যক্তি বোঝায়

Example: The teacher asked who I was waiting for.

Syn: which personAnt: nobody

💡 Exam tip: The question word is retained, but the sentence changes to statement order.

4. Imperatives, Commands and Requests (8 words)

imperative[/ɪmˈperətɪv/]nounmedium

Meaning: আদেশসূচক বাক্য

Alt: আদেশ, অনুরোধ বা উপদেশ প্রকাশকারী বাক্য

Example: Open the door is an imperative sentence.

Syn: commandAnt: statement

💡 Exam tip: Use to plus the base verb in reported imperatives.

command[/kəˈmænd/]nouneasy

Meaning: আদেশ

Alt: কিছু করার দৃঢ় নির্দেশ

Example: The officer gave a command to the soldiers.

Syn: orderAnt: obedience

💡 Exam tip: Said to changes to told or ordered for a command.

request[/rɪˈkwest/]nouneasy

Meaning: অনুরোধ

Alt: ভদ্রভাবে কিছু চাওয়া

Example: She made a request for help.

Syn: appealAnt: refusal

💡 Exam tip: Use requested or asked when please indicates a request.

tell[/tel/]verbeasy

Meaning: বলা বা নির্দেশ দেওয়া

Alt: কাউকে কোনো কথা জানানো

Example: The teacher told the students to keep quiet.

Syn: informAnt: mislead

💡 Exam tip: Tell must generally be followed by an object, such as me, him, or her.

advise[/ədˈvaɪz/]verbmedium

Meaning: পরামর্শ দেওয়া

Alt: ভালো কাজের জন্য নির্দেশ দেওয়া

Example: The teacher advised Maria to obey her parents.

Syn: recommendAnt: discourage

💡 Exam tip: Use advised plus object plus to-infinitive for advice.

urge[/ɜːrdʒ/]verbmedium

Meaning: জোর দিয়ে বলা

Alt: উৎসাহ বা তাগিদ দেওয়া

Example: The leader urged his people to work hard.

Syn: encourageAnt: deter

💡 Exam tip: Urged is suitable when the speaker strongly encourages action.

forbid[/fəˈbɪd/]verbmedium

Meaning: নিষেধ করা

Alt: কোনো কাজ করতে না দেওয়া

Example: Mother forbade Maria to go outside.

Syn: prohibitAnt: allow

💡 Exam tip: Do not changes to not to; forbid can be followed by an object and to-verb.

propose[/prəˈpoʊz/]verbhard

Meaning: প্রস্তাব করা

Alt: কোনো কাজের ধারণা প্রকাশ করা

Example: Maria proposed that they should go inside the car.

Syn: suggestAnt: oppose

💡 Exam tip: Let us commonly changes to proposed that they should.

5. Optative Sentences and Wishes (8 words)

optative[/ˈɒptətɪv/]nounmedium

Meaning: ইচ্ছা বা প্রার্থনাসূচক বাক্য

Alt: আশা, আশীর্বাদ বা কামনা প্রকাশকারী বাক্য

Example: May you succeed is an optative sentence.

Syn: wishAnt: exclamation

💡 Exam tip: Optative sentences become assertive sentences in indirect speech.

wish[/wɪʃ/]verbeasy

Meaning: কামনা করা

Alt: ইচ্ছা বা শুভকামনা প্রকাশ করা

Example: He wished me success in the examination.

Syn: desireAnt: dislike

💡 Exam tip: Use wished for a sentence expressing a wish or goodwill.

pray[/preɪ/]verbmedium

Meaning: প্রার্থনা করা

Alt: ঈশ্বরের কাছে মিনতি করা

Example: She prayed that God might bless her family.

Syn: beseechAnt: curse

💡 Exam tip: May at the beginning of a prayer commonly changes to might after prayed.

hope[/hoʊp/]nouneasy

Meaning: আশা

Alt: ভবিষ্যৎ ভালো কিছুর প্রত্যাশা

Example: We have hope for a better future.

Syn: expectationAnt: despair

💡 Exam tip: Identify whether the sentence expresses hope, prayer, or a simple wish.

bless[/bles/]verbeasy

Meaning: আশীর্বাদ করা

Alt: মঙ্গল কামনা করা

Example: May Allah bless you with success.

Syn: protectAnt: curse

💡 Exam tip: May God bless you may become prayed that God might bless you.

prosper[/ˈprɒspər/]verbmedium

Meaning: সমৃদ্ধ হওয়া

Alt: উন্নতি লাভ করা

Example: May you prosper in your business.

Syn: flourishAnt: fail

💡 Exam tip: Prosper is often used in optative sentences expressing goodwill.

succeed[/səkˈsiːd/]verbeasy

Meaning: সফল হওয়া

Alt: লক্ষ্য অর্জন করা

Example: I hope you succeed in the examination.

Syn: achieveAnt: fail

💡 Exam tip: Retain the main verb after changing may to might.

long[/lɒŋ/]advmedium

Meaning: দীর্ঘকাল

Alt: অনেক সময় ধরে

Example: May our country live long and prosper.

Syn: for a long timeAnt: briefly

💡 Exam tip: Long live often changes to wished that someone might live long.

6. Exclamatory Sentences and Emotions (8 words)

exclamatory[/ɪkˈsklæmətəri/]adjmedium

Meaning: বিস্ময়সূচক

Alt: তীব্র অনুভূতি প্রকাশকারী

Example: What a beautiful flower is an exclamatory expression.

Syn: emotionalAnt: unemotional

💡 Exam tip: Exclamatory sentences change into assertive sentences in indirect speech.

exclaim[/ɪkˈskleɪm/]verbeasy

Meaning: বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করা

Alt: তীব্র আবেগে বলা

Example: The boys exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

Syn: cry outAnt: whisper

💡 Exam tip: Said changes to exclaimed with joy, sorrow, surprise, or anger as appropriate.

hurray[/hʊˈreɪ/]nouneasy

Meaning: আনন্দধ্বনি

Alt: বিজয় বা আনন্দের উচ্ছ্বাস

Example: The team shouted hurray after winning the game.

Syn: hurrahAnt: alas

💡 Exam tip: Hurray usually indicates joy and may be reported as shouted with joy.

alas[/əˈlæs/]nouneasy

Meaning: হায়

Alt: দুঃখ বা শোকের প্রকাশ

Example: She cried alas after hearing the sad news.

Syn: unfortunatelyAnt: hurray

💡 Exam tip: Alas is generally reported with sorrow or grief.

bravo[/ˈbrɑːvoʊ/]nouneasy

Meaning: সাবাশ

Alt: প্রশংসা বা অভিনন্দনের ধ্বনি

Example: The coach shouted bravo after the excellent performance.

Syn: well doneAnt: disapproval

💡 Exam tip: Bravo may change to applauded or praised the person.

joy[/dʒɔɪ/]nouneasy

Meaning: আনন্দ

Alt: অত্যন্ত সুখের অনুভূতি

Example: The children shouted with joy.

Syn: happinessAnt: sorrow

💡 Exam tip: Use with joy when the exclamation expresses happiness or victory.

grief[/ɡriːf/]nouneasy

Meaning: দুঃখ বা শোক

Alt: গভীর মানসিক কষ্ট

Example: He expressed his grief at the loss.

Syn: sorrowAnt: delight

💡 Exam tip: Use with grief or sorrow for Alas and other sad expressions.

surprise[/sərˈpraɪz/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিস্ময়

Alt: অপ্রত্যাশিত ঘটনার অনুভূতি

Example: It was a pleasant surprise to see her there.

Syn: amazementAnt: expectation

💡 Exam tip: What a pleasant surprise may be reported as exclaimed with surprise.

💡 Exam Tips

• First identify the sentence type: statement, question, imperative, optative, or exclamatory.

• Underline the reporting verb and decide whether it is in the present or past tense.

• Change pronouns according to the speaker, listener, and reported person.

• Remove inverted commas and use that for ordinary statements.

• Use asked instead of said for reported questions.

• Do not use a question mark at the end of an indirect question.

• Use if or whether for yes-or-no questions and retain wh-words for wh-questions.

• Use to before the base verb in positive commands, requests, and advice.

• Change do not into not to when reporting a negative command.

• For optative sentences, select prayed, wished, or hoped according to the meaning.

• For exclamations, identify the emotion before choosing joy, sorrow, surprise, or applause.

• Check time-word changes such as now to then and tomorrow to the next day.

• Read the completed indirect speech once to check pronoun, tense, and subject-verb agreement.

English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Statements - Vocabulary

Chapter: Statements

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