Chapter: Writing email
đ Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition class 8
â Most Important Exam Words
emailrecipientsendersubjectattachmentformalinformalsalutationbodyclosingrequestpermissionapplicationenlistborrowinviteannounceparticipateorganizeattendapplyessentialconveygrant
đ Word Formation Rules
âē email = e- + mail; e- means electronic.
âē communication = communicate + -ion; -ion forms a noun.
âē recipient = receive + -ent; -ent indicates a person who performs an action.
âē attachment = attach + -ment; -ment forms a noun showing a result or object.
âē formal = form + -al; -al forms an adjective.
âē informal = in- + formal; in- gives the opposite meaning.
âē application = apply + -ation; -ation forms a noun from a verb.
âē announcement = announce + -ment; -ment forms a noun.
âē participation = participate + -ion; -ion forms a noun.
âē permission = permit + -ion; the spelling changes from permit to permission.
âē organization = organize + -ation; -ation forms a noun.
âē sincerely = sincere + -ly; -ly forms an adverb.
âē kindly = kind + -ly; -ly forms an adverb.
âē valuable = value + -able; -able forms an adjective meaning capable of or worthy of.
âē unsuitable = un- + suitable; un- gives the opposite meaning.
1. Email Basics and Communication (8 words)
email[/ËiËmeÉĒl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ-āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛; electronic message
Alt: āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž
Example: I sent an email to my teacher.
Syn: electronic mailAnt: postal mail
đĄ Exam tip: Use email as a noun for a message and as a verb for sending a message.
communication[/kÉËmjuËnÉĒËkeÉĒĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨-āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨
Example: Email is a valuable mode of communication.
Syn: contactAnt: silence
đĄ Exam tip: Remember the spelling: communication has double m and one n before -ication.
recipient[/rÉĒËsÉĒpiÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: Write the recipient's email ID carefully.
Syn: receiverAnt: sender
đĄ Exam tip: Recipient means the receiver, while sender means the person who sends.
sender[/ËsendÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžā§
Example: The sender should check the email address.
Syn: transmitterAnt: recipient
đĄ Exam tip: Sender is formed from send + -er.
address[/ÉËdres/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻž; email address
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž
Example: Please write my email address correctly.
Syn: locationAnt: misdirection
đĄ Exam tip: In email writing, address usually means the recipient's email ID.
subject[/ËsĘbdĘÉĒkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§
Alt: āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§
Example: The subject should be short and clear.
Syn: topicAnt: irrelevance
đĄ Exam tip: Write Subject: followed by a brief phrase, not a long sentence.
attachment[/ÉËtÃĻtĘmÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ˛
Alt: āĻ-āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨āĻĨāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻŋ
Example: I am sending the form as an attachment.
Syn: enclosureAnt: separation
đĄ Exam tip: Use attach as a verb and attachment as a noun.
mode[/moĘd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻžā§
Example: Email is a modern mode of communication.
Syn: methodAnt: disorder
đĄ Exam tip: Mode of communication means āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽ of communication.
2. Formal Email Vocabulary (8 words)
formal[/ËfÉËrmÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻ¨āĻŋā§āĻŽ āĻ āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻ¤
Example: Use formal language in an email to the Headteacher.
Syn: officialAnt: informal
đĄ Exam tip: Formal emails are used in academic, official and business settings.
academic[/ËÃĻkÉËdemÉĒk/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻžāĻļā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤
Example: Students use email for academic communication.
Syn: educationalAnt: nonacademic
đĄ Exam tip: Academic communication includes emails to teachers and school authorities.
official[/ÉËfÉĒĘÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĻāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻˇ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤
Example: This is an official request to the Headmaster.
Syn: formalAnt: unofficial
đĄ Exam tip: Official is both an adjective and a noun, but use it as an adjective here.
request[/rÉĒËkwest/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§
Alt: āĻāĻĻā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Example: I am writing to request permission.
Syn: appealAnt: refusal
đĄ Exam tip: Request can be a noun or a verb; after to, use the base verb: request permission.
permission[/pÉrËmÉĒĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: I need your permission to join the debate competition.
Syn: consentAnt: prohibition
đĄ Exam tip: The common phrase is ask for or seek permission.
application[/ËÃĻplÉĒËkeÉĒĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§
Example: I sent an application for membership.
Syn: requestAnt: withdrawal
đĄ Exam tip: An application for something is usually followed by for.
enlist[/ÉĒnËlÉĒst/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: Please enlist my name in the science fair.
Syn: registerAnt: exclude
đĄ Exam tip: Use enlist my name, not enlist me my name.
prescribed[/prÉĒËskraÉĒbd/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤
Alt: āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĒāĻā§āĻˇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: I have attached the prescribed membership form.
Syn: specifiedAnt: optional
đĄ Exam tip: Prescribed means officially required or recommended.
3. Informal Email Vocabulary (8 words)
informal[/ÉĒnËfÉËrmÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ āĻ
āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ
Example: An informal email may be written to a friend.
Syn: casualAnt: formal
đĄ Exam tip: Use a friendly tone and simple expressions in an informal email.
friend[/frend/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§
Alt: āĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: I wrote an email to my friend.
Syn: companionAnt: enemy
đĄ Exam tip: A friend is an appropriate recipient of an informal email.
borrow[/ËbÉËroĘ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: Can you bring the book so that I can borrow it?
Syn: take temporarilyAnt: lend
đĄ Exam tip: Borrow means take; lend means give temporarily.
bring[/brÉĒÅ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ¨āĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻž
Example: Please bring the book tomorrow.
Syn: carry hereAnt: take away
đĄ Exam tip: Use bring for movement toward the speaker or a stated place.
invite[/ÉĒnËvaÉĒt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¸āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž
Example: I want to invite my classmates to the festival.
Syn: askAnt: exclude
đĄ Exam tip: The noun form is invitation.
regards[/rÉĒËÉĄÉËrdz/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ-āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: Please convey my regards to your parents.
Syn: good wishesAnt: disrespect
đĄ Exam tip: Regards is commonly used as an informal closing: Best regards.
tomorrow[/tÉËmÉËroĘ/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻ˛
Alt: āĻāĻāĻā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨
Example: Please bring the book tomorrow.
Syn: the next dayAnt: yesterday
đĄ Exam tip: Do not write on tomorrow; write tomorrow without a preposition.
forget[/fÉrËÉĄet/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: Do not forget to keep the book in your bag.
Syn: overlookAnt: remember
đĄ Exam tip: Use forget to + base verb for a duty that should not be neglected.
4. Email Structure and Salutations (8 words)
salutation[/ËsÃĻljuËteÉĒĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ-āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ¨
Example: Dear Sir is a formal salutation.
Syn: greetingAnt: farewell
đĄ Exam tip: The salutation comes after the subject and before the body.
greeting[/ËÉĄriËtÉĒÅ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨
Example: Hello is a suitable greeting for a friend.
Syn: salutationAnt: farewell
đĄ Exam tip: Hello and Dear Karim are informal greetings.
body[/ËbÉËdi/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯
Alt: āĻ-āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ
āĻāĻļ
Example: The body should explain the purpose clearly.
Syn: main textAnt: heading
đĄ Exam tip: The body contains the reason, details and request.
closing[/ËkloĘzÉĒÅ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻˇāĻŖ
Alt: āĻ-āĻŽā§āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§āĻ˛āĻ āĻ
āĻāĻļ
Example: Yours sincerely is a formal closing.
Syn: endingAnt: opening
đĄ Exam tip: A closing is written before the writer's name or identity.
sincerely[/sÉĒnËsÉĒÉrli/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Alt: āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§
Example: Yours sincerely is used in formal emails.
Syn: honestlyAnt: insincerely
đĄ Exam tip: Spell it sincerely, not sincerly.
regarding[/rÉĒËÉĄÉËrdÉĒÅ/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§
Example: I am writing regarding the annual sports event.
Syn: concerningAnt: despite
đĄ Exam tip: Regarding can introduce the subject or purpose of an email.
briefly[/ËbriËfli/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻˇā§āĻĒā§
Alt: āĻ
āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻāĻĨāĻžā§
Example: Write the subject briefly.
Syn: shortlyAnt: lengthily
đĄ Exam tip: Email writing should generally be brief and focused.
clearly[/ËklÉĒÉrli/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Alt: āĻ¸āĻšāĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āĻ¯āĻžā§ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Example: Mention the purpose of writing clearly.
Syn: plainlyAnt: vaguely
đĄ Exam tip: Clearly modifies a verb: explain clearly or mention clearly.
5. Useful Email Actions and Purposes (8 words)
announce[/ÉËnaĘns/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: We will announce the date of the picnic by email.
Syn: declareAnt: conceal
đĄ Exam tip: The noun form is announcement.
announcement[/ÉËnaĘnsmÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯
Example: The email contains an announcement about the festival.
Syn: declarationAnt: secrecy
đĄ Exam tip: Use make an announcement, not do an announcement.
participate[/pÉËrËtÉĒsÉĒpeÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻāĻļāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ°āĻŽā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: I want to participate in the national debate competition.
Syn: joinAnt: withdraw
đĄ Exam tip: Participate is followed by in: participate in a competition.
organize[/ËÉËrÉĄÉnaÉĒz/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: We want to organize a music festival.
Syn: arrangeAnt: disorganize
đĄ Exam tip: Use organize an event, not organize about an event.
attend[/ÉËtend/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻāĻžā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: Please attend the annual sports event.
Syn: joinAnt: absent oneself
đĄ Exam tip: Attend takes a direct object: attend the meeting, not attend in the meeting.
apply[/ÉËplaÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: She wants to apply for a scholarship.
Syn: requestAnt: reject
đĄ Exam tip: Use apply for a job or scholarship and apply to an institution.
contact[/ËkÉËntÃĻkt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: You may contact the coordinator by email.
Syn: communicateAnt: avoid
đĄ Exam tip: Contact can be used without a preposition: contact the office.
convey[/kÉnËveÉĒ/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: Please convey my regards to your family.
Syn: communicateAnt: withhold
đĄ Exam tip: Convey is a formal verb useful in official writing.
6. Polite and Exam-Friendly Expressions (8 words)
essential[/ÉĒËsenĘÉl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¯
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ā§
Example: Knowledge of ICT is essential for students.
Syn: necessaryAnt: unnecessary
đĄ Exam tip: Essential for is the correct collocation: essential for us.
valuable[/ËvÃĻljuÉbÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§ā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ā§
Example: Email is a valuable mode of communication.
Syn: usefulAnt: worthless
đĄ Exam tip: Valuable may mean financially costly or highly useful.
kindly[/ËkaÉĒndli/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻš āĻāĻ°ā§
Alt: āĻāĻĻā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: I hope you would be kind enough to consider my request.
Syn: pleaseAnt: rudely
đĄ Exam tip: Kindly is suitable in polite formal requests.
consider[/kÉnËsÉĒdÉr/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: I hope you will consider my application.
Syn: reviewAnt: ignore
đĄ Exam tip: Consider takes a noun or gerund: consider my request; consider allowing me.
hope[/hoĘp/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻļāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻļāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: I hope that you will grant my request.
Syn: expectAnt: despair
đĄ Exam tip: After hope that, use a complete clause with a subject and verb.
grant[/ÉĄrÃĻnt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: I hope you will grant me permission.
Syn: allowAnt: deny
đĄ Exam tip: Grant permission is a common formal expression.
suitable[/ËsuËtÉbÉl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¯āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻĨ
Example: Dear Sir is suitable for a formal email.
Syn: appropriateAnt: unsuitable
đĄ Exam tip: Suitable is followed by for: suitable for a friend.
monotony[/mÉËnÉËtÉni/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻā§ā§ā§āĻŽāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖā§ āĻā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻ° āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: A music festival can drive away the monotony of school activities.
Syn: boredomAnt: variety
đĄ Exam tip: The phrase drive away the monotony means remove boredom.
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Identify the recipient and choose a formal or informal tone according to the situation.
âĸ Write the recipient's email ID accurately and place it after To:.
âĸ Keep the subject brief, specific and relevant to the purpose.
âĸ A formal email may begin with Dear Sir, Dear Madam or Dear Headteacher.
âĸ An informal email may begin with Hello, Dear Karim or Hello everyone.
âĸ Do not write the date, the receiver's postal address or a complete postal address in an email.
âĸ State the purpose clearly in the body and include all necessary details.
âĸ Avoid contractions in formal emails: write it is instead of it's and have not instead of haven't.
âĸ Use formal closings such as Yours sincerely in formal emails and Best regards or Love in informal emails.
âĸ Use the correct prepositions: participate in, apply for, permission to, and regarding the event.
âĸ Remember the difference between borrow and lend: borrow means take temporarily, while lend means give temporarily.
âĸ Use attend directly with an event or meeting: attend the sports event.
âĸ Check capitalization, punctuation, spelling and paragraph organization before submitting the answer.