English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Letter Writing - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Letter Writing

📚 Vocabulary

English Grammar and Composition Class Seven

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

formalinformalcommunicationrecipientsenderapplicationpermissionrequestgrantabsenceenclosecomplaintirregularuncoveredsupplyinconvenienceacuteresolvelocalitysalutationsubjectcontentclosingsignatureobedientlyfaithfullysincerelygratefulearnestlyresponseelectronicnetworkadvertisementassistancemembershipobtainregarding

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Use the prefix un- to form the opposite of some adjectives: covered → uncovered, grateful → ungrateful.

► Use the prefix in- or im- to form negative words: convenience → inconvenience, possible → impossible.

► Use the prefix ir- before words beginning with r: regular → irregular.

► Add -ness to an adjective to form a noun: kind → kindness, absent → absencе.

► Add -ly to an adjective to form an adverb: sincere → sincerely, faithful → faithfully, earnest → earnestly.

► Add -ship to a noun to form a noun showing status or condition: member → membership.

► Add -tion to a verb to form a noun: communicate → communication, respond → response.

► Add -ment to a verb to form a noun: advertise → advertisement, assist → assistance.

1. Basic Letter-Writing Terms (8 words)

communication[/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: যোগাযোগ

Alt: তথ্য বা ভাব বিনিময়

Example: A letter is a useful means of communication.

Syn: contactAnt: silence

💡 Exam tip: Remember that communication means exchanging information or ideas.

message[/ˈmesɪdʒ/]nouneasy

Meaning: বার্তা

Alt: লিখিত বা মৌখিক সংবাদ

Example: I sent a message to my friend.

Syn: informationAnt: misinformation

💡 Exam tip: A letter is a written message from one person to another.

recipient[/rɪˈsɪpiənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রাপক

Alt: যিনি চিঠি বা বার্তা গ্রহণ করেন

Example: Write the recipient's address clearly.

Syn: receiverAnt: sender

💡 Exam tip: Recipient refers to the person who receives a letter.

sender[/ˈsendər/]nouneasy

Meaning: প্রেরক

Alt: যিনি চিঠি বা বার্তা পাঠান

Example: The sender wrote his name below the letter.

Syn: writerAnt: recipient

💡 Exam tip: Sender and recipient are opposite terms.

formal[/ˈfɔːrməl/]adjeasy

Meaning: আনুষ্ঠানিক

Alt: নিয়ম ও ভদ্র ভাষাসম্পন্ন

Example: Use formal language in an application to the Headmaster.

Syn: officialAnt: informal

💡 Exam tip: Formal letters are used for official or professional purposes.

informal[/ɪnˈfɔːrməl/]adjeasy

Meaning: অনানুষ্ঠানিক

Alt: বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ ও ব্যক্তিগত

Example: I wrote an informal letter to my cousin.

Syn: personalAnt: formal

💡 Exam tip: Informal letters are generally written to friends and relatives.

medium[/ˈmiːdiəm/]nounmedium

Meaning: মাধ্যম

Alt: যোগাযোগের উপায়

Example: Email is an effective medium of communication.

Syn: methodAnt: barrier

💡 Exam tip: The plural form is media, but medium is used for one means.

purpose[/ˈpɜːrpəs/]nouneasy

Meaning: উদ্দেশ্য

Alt: কোনো কাজের কারণ

Example: The purpose of this letter is to request leave.

Syn: aimAnt: pointlessness

💡 Exam tip: State the purpose clearly in the subject and body of a formal letter.

2. Formal Letter Format (8 words)

application[/ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: আবেদনপত্র

Alt: কোনো সুবিধা বা অনুমতির জন্য লিখিত অনুরোধ

Example: I submitted an application for leave.

Syn: requestAnt: refusal

💡 Exam tip: Application is a common exam word for an official request.

address[/əˈdres/]nouneasy

Meaning: ঠিকানা

Alt: কোনো ব্যক্তি বা প্রতিষ্ঠানের অবস্থান

Example: Write the school address at the top left-hand corner.

Syn: locationAnt: misdirection

💡 Exam tip: In a formal letter, write the recipient's address after the date.

subject[/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিষয়

Alt: চিঠির মূল বক্তব্যের সংক্ষিপ্ত পরিচয়

Example: The subject of the letter is a request for a transfer certificate.

Syn: topicAnt: detail

💡 Exam tip: Keep the subject short, specific, and clear.

salutation[/ˌsæljuˈteɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: সম্ভাষণ

Alt: চিঠির শুরুতে ব্যবহৃত অভিবাদন

Example: Dear Sir is a suitable salutation in a formal email.

Syn: greetingAnt: farewell

💡 Exam tip: Use Dear Sir or Dear Madam when the recipient's name is unknown.

paragraph[/ˈpærəɡræf/]nouneasy

Meaning: অনুচ্ছেদ

Alt: একটি বিষয়ের সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত বাক্যসমষ্টি

Example: The body of the letter should be divided into short paragraphs.

Syn: sectionAnt: fragment

💡 Exam tip: Short paragraphs make a formal letter clear and readable.

content[/ˈkɒntent/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিষয়বস্তু

Alt: লেখার মূল বক্তব্য

Example: The content of the letter must be precise.

Syn: matterAnt: emptiness

💡 Exam tip: Content is judged along with format in a formal letter.

closing[/ˈkloʊzɪŋ/]nounmedium

Meaning: সমাপ্তি সম্ভাষণ

Alt: চিঠির শেষে ব্যবহৃত ভদ্র বাক্য

Example: Yours faithfully is a common formal closing.

Syn: endingAnt: opening

💡 Exam tip: Choose the closing according to the salutation and relationship.

signature[/ˈsɪɡnətʃər/]nouneasy

Meaning: স্বাক্ষর

Alt: পরিচয়ের জন্য নিজের হাতে লেখা নাম

Example: Put your signature above your name.

Syn: autographAnt: anonymity

💡 Exam tip: In a handwritten letter, the signature comes above the written name.

3. Requests and Applications (8 words)

permission[/pərˈmɪʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: অনুমতি

Alt: কোনো কাজ করার অনুমোদন

Example: We asked for permission to visit the museum.

Syn: consentAnt: prohibition

💡 Exam tip: Ask for permission to do something; use to after permission.

request[/rɪˈkwest/]nouneasy

Meaning: অনুরোধ

Alt: বিনীতভাবে কিছু চাওয়া

Example: I have a request for the Headmaster.

Syn: appealAnt: demand

💡 Exam tip: Request can be used as both a noun and a verb.

grant[/ɡrænt/]verbeasy

Meaning: মঞ্জুর করা

Alt: অনুমতি বা সুবিধা প্রদান করা

Example: Please grant me leave for one week.

Syn: allowAnt: deny

💡 Exam tip: Grant leave means মঞ্জুর করা ছুটি.

absence[/ˈæbsəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: অনুপস্থিতি

Alt: উপস্থিত না থাকা

Example: I need leave of absence for three days.

Syn: nonattendanceAnt: presence

💡 Exam tip: The phrase leave of absence is frequently used in applications.

enclose[/ɪnˈkloʊz/]verbmedium

Meaning: সংযুক্ত করা

Alt: চিঠির সঙ্গে কোনো কাগজ পাঠানো

Example: I am enclosing a medical certificate with this application.

Syn: attachAnt: detach

💡 Exam tip: Use enclosing when mentioning an attached document in a letter.

afford[/əˈfɔːrd/]verbmedium

Meaning: সামর্থ্য থাকা

Alt: খরচ বহন করতে পারা

Example: My family cannot afford to pay the school fees.

Syn: manageAnt: lack

💡 Exam tip: Afford is usually followed by to plus the base verb.

consider[/kənˈsɪdər/]verbmedium

Meaning: বিবেচনা করা

Alt: মনোযোগ দিয়ে ভেবে দেখা

Example: Please consider my application sympathetically.

Syn: reviewAnt: ignore

💡 Exam tip: Consider is followed by a noun or gerund, not usually to plus verb.

oblige[/əˈblaɪdʒ/]verbhard

Meaning: কৃতজ্ঞ করা

Alt: উপকার করে বাধিত করা

Example: I shall be highly obliged to you for your kindness.

Syn: gratifyAnt: displease

💡 Exam tip: I shall be highly obliged to you is a useful formal expression.

4. Complaints and Public Issues (8 words)

complaint[/kəmˈpleɪnt/]nouneasy

Meaning: অভিযোগ

Alt: কোনো সমস্যা সম্পর্কে আনুষ্ঠানিক আপত্তি

Example: We submitted a complaint about the irregular water supply.

Syn: grievanceAnt: praise

💡 Exam tip: Complaint about is the common prepositional phrase.

irregular[/ɪˈreɡjələr/]adjeasy

Meaning: অনিয়মিত

Alt: নিয়মিত নয় এমন

Example: The area suffers from irregular electric supply.

Syn: inconsistentAnt: regular

💡 Exam tip: Irregular is formed with the negative prefix ir-.

uncovered[/ʌnˈkʌvərd/]adjeasy

Meaning: ঢাকনাবিহীন

Alt: যার ওপর কোনো আবরণ নেই

Example: Uncovered dustbins spread bad smells.

Syn: exposedAnt: covered

💡 Exam tip: Uncovered dustbins are a common cause of environmental pollution.

supply[/səˈplaɪ/]nouneasy

Meaning: সরবরাহ

Alt: প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস পৌঁছে দেওয়া

Example: The water supply is insufficient in our locality.

Syn: provisionAnt: shortage

💡 Exam tip: Supply can be used as both a noun and a verb.

inconvenience[/ˌɪnkənˈviːniəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: অসুবিধা

Alt: ঝামেলা বা ভোগান্তি

Example: The power cut causes great inconvenience to the residents.

Syn: troubleAnt: convenience

💡 Exam tip: The phrase inconvenience faced by the residents is useful in complaints.

acute[/əˈkjuːt/]adjmedium

Meaning: তীব্র

Alt: অত্যন্ত গুরুতর

Example: The village is facing an acute shortage of drinking water.

Syn: severeAnt: mild

💡 Exam tip: Acute shortage means a very serious lack of something.

resolve[/rɪˈzɒlv/]verbmedium

Meaning: সমাধান করা

Alt: কোনো সমস্যা দূর করা

Example: We hope that you will resolve the problem soon.

Syn: solveAnt: worsen

💡 Exam tip: Resolve an issue and solve a problem have similar meanings.

locality[/loʊˈkæləti/]nounmedium

Meaning: এলাকা

Alt: কোনো নির্দিষ্ট স্থান বা মহল্লা

Example: The residents of our locality need better medical facilities.

Syn: neighbourhoodAnt: distance

💡 Exam tip: Locality is a formal alternative to area or neighbourhood.

5. Formal Expressions and Polite Language (8 words)

obediently[/əˈbiːdiəntli/]adveasy

Meaning: বিনীতভাবে

Alt: আজ্ঞাবহভাবে

Example: Yours obediently is often used by a student writing to a teacher.

Syn: dutifullyAnt: disobediently

💡 Exam tip: Use Yours obediently when writing to a teacher or Headmaster.

faithfully[/ˈfeɪθfəli/]advmedium

Meaning: বিশ্বস্তভাবে

Alt: আন্তরিকতা ও আনুগত্যের সঙ্গে

Example: Yours faithfully is suitable when the recipient's name is unknown.

Syn: loyallyAnt: unfaithfully

💡 Exam tip: Dear Sir or Dear Madam commonly pairs with Yours faithfully.

sincerely[/sɪnˈsɪərli/]adveasy

Meaning: আন্তরিকভাবে

Alt: সত্য ও আন্তরিকতার সঙ্গে

Example: Sincerely yours is a polite formal closing.

Syn: genuinelyAnt: insincerely

💡 Exam tip: Sincerely expresses honesty and cordiality at the end of a letter.

grateful[/ˈɡreɪtfəl/]adjeasy

Meaning: কৃতজ্ঞ

Alt: উপকারের জন্য ধন্য

Example: I shall remain grateful to you for your kindness.

Syn: thankfulAnt: ungrateful

💡 Exam tip: The correct phrase is grateful to someone for something.

kindness[/ˈkaɪndnəs/]nouneasy

Meaning: দয়া

Alt: সহানুভূতিশীল আচরণ

Example: Thank you for your kindness and cooperation.

Syn: generosityAnt: cruelty

💡 Exam tip: Act of kindness is a useful phrase in formal applications.

earnestly[/ˈɜːrnɪstli/]advmedium

Meaning: আন্তরিকভাবে

Alt: গভীর আগ্রহ ও গুরুত্বের সঙ্গে

Example: We earnestly request you to take immediate action.

Syn: seriouslyAnt: carelessly

💡 Exam tip: Earnestly makes a request sound serious and sincere.

convenience[/kənˈviːniəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: সুবিধা

Alt: সহজতা বা আরাম

Example: Please send the form at your earliest convenience.

Syn: easeAnt: inconvenience

💡 Exam tip: At your earliest convenience is a standard formal expression.

response[/rɪˈspɒns/]nouneasy

Meaning: উত্তর

Alt: কোনো চিঠি বা অনুরোধের জবাব

Example: We are looking forward to your positive response.

Syn: replyAnt: silence

💡 Exam tip: Positive response means favourable answer or action.

6. Email and Official Communication (8 words)

electronic[/ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/]adjmedium

Meaning: বৈদ্যুতিন

Alt: কম্পিউটার বা ইলেকট্রনিক যন্ত্রসংক্রান্ত

Example: Email is an electronic form of communication.

Syn: digitalAnt: manual

💡 Exam tip: Electronic means related to computers or electronic devices.

network[/ˈnetwɜːrk/]nouneasy

Meaning: নেটওয়ার্ক

Alt: সংযুক্ত কম্পিউটার বা যোগাযোগব্যবস্থা

Example: Emails are sent through a computer network.

Syn: systemAnt: isolation

💡 Exam tip: An email travels from one user to another via a network.

coordinator[/koʊˈɔːrdɪneɪtər/]nounhard

Meaning: সমন্বয়কারী

Alt: যিনি বিভিন্ন কাজ সমন্বয় করেন

Example: I wrote to the course coordinator for an application form.

Syn: organizerAnt: disorganizer

💡 Exam tip: Course coordinator is a common recipient in email-writing questions.

advertisement[/ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: বিজ্ঞাপন

Alt: কোনো পণ্য, সেবা বা অনুষ্ঠানের প্রচার

Example: I saw your advertisement in The Daily Star.

Syn: noticeAnt: concealment

💡 Exam tip: Use in an advertisement or in the newspaper when referring to a source.

assistance[/əˈsɪstəns/]nouneasy

Meaning: সহায়তা

Alt: সাহায্য বা সহযোগিতা

Example: Thank you for your assistance.

Syn: helpAnt: hindrance

💡 Exam tip: Thank you for your assistance is a useful email closing sentence.

membership[/ˈmembərʃɪp/]nounmedium

Meaning: সদস্যপদ

Alt: কোনো সংগঠনের সদস্য হওয়ার অবস্থা

Example: I would like to apply for membership of the Young Learners Group.

Syn: enrolmentAnt: withdrawal

💡 Exam tip: Membership is formed from member plus the suffix -ship.

obtain[/əbˈteɪn/]verbmedium

Meaning: পাওয়া

Alt: চেষ্টা করে সংগ্রহ করা

Example: Please tell me how I can obtain the application form.

Syn: getAnt: lose

💡 Exam tip: Obtain is a formal synonym of get and is suitable for emails.

regarding[/rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/]prepmedium

Meaning: সম্পর্কে

Alt: কোনো বিষয়ের প্রসঙ্গে

Example: I am writing regarding the advanced English course.

Syn: concerningAnt: excluding

💡 Exam tip: Regarding is followed by a noun or noun phrase.

💡 Exam Tips

• A formal letter should normally contain the date, recipient's address, subject, salutation, body, closing, name, and signature.

• Write the subject briefly and clearly; underline it in a handwritten formal letter if required.

• Use Dear Sir or Dear Madam when the recipient's name is unknown.

• Use Yours obediently when writing to a teacher or Headmaster as a student.

• Use Yours faithfully after Dear Sir or Dear Madam, and use Yours sincerely when appropriate.

• Keep the body precise, polite, and divided into short paragraphs.

• State the problem or request clearly and mention the action expected from the recipient.

• In an email, include the sender's email address, recipient's email address, date, subject, salutation, message, and closing.

• Learn formal alternatives: get → obtain, help → assistance, area → locality, answer → response, solve → resolve.

• Remember common collocations: grant leave, ask for permission, submit a complaint, acute shortage, positive response, and earliest convenience.

• Check spelling, capitalization, punctuation, paragraphing, and the correct closing before submitting your answer.

• Do not use informal expressions or slang in applications, complaint letters, and letters to officials.

English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Letter Writing - Vocabulary

Chapter: Letter Writing

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