EPEnglishPreps Log InFree Sign Up
Home › Vocabulary › Class 6 to 8

English for Today Class Seven - Climate Change - Vocabulary (Part 2)

Class 6 to 8 ¡ English ¡ 18 Aug 2026

🎯 Class 6 to 8🌐 English📅 18 Aug 2026📖 Course 24 of 112
📚 All Class 6 to 8 word lists
🧠 Test Your Skill10 questions from this word list
Class 6 to 8English for Today Class Seven - Climate Change - Vocabulary (Part 2)

Chapter: Climate Change

📚 Vocabulary
English for Today Class Seven
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
climate changeweathertemperaturegreenhouse effectgreenhouse gascarbon dioxidemethanefossil fueldeforestationemissionabsorbreleaseglobal warmingrainfallflooddroughtstormheat wavesea levelsaltwater intrusionadaptationembankmentrenewable energysustainableextreme event
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē Noun to adjective: climate + -ic = climatic; agriculture + -al = agricultural; season + -al = seasonal.
â–ē Verb to noun: adapt + -ation = adaptation; emit + -ion = emission; protect + -ion = protection.
â–ē Verb to noun: pollute + -ion = pollution; reduce + -tion = reduction; prevent + -ion = prevention.
â–ē Adjective to noun: sustainable + -ity = sustainability; extreme + -ity = extremity.
â–ē Noun to adjective with -able: renew + -able = renewable; sustain + -able = sustainable.
â–ē Negative prefix: renewable becomes non-renewable; avoidable becomes unavoidable.
â–ē Compound noun: green + house = greenhouse; rain + fall = rainfall; heat + wave = heat wave.
â–ē Compound noun: sea + level = sea level; saltwater + intrusion = saltwater intrusion.
â–ē Prefix de- can show removal or reversal: forest + de- + -ation = deforestation.
â–ē Common suffix -er forms a person or thing that does an action: farm + er = farmer; burn + er = burner.
1. Climate Change (8 words)
climate[/ˈklaÉĒmət/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁; āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāĻŖ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ
Example: The climate of coastal Bangladesh is changing.
Syn: weather patternAnt: weather
💡 Exam tip: Climate means a long-term pattern, whereas weather means a short-term condition.
weather[/ˈweðər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž; āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻĄāĻŧ-āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: The weather changes from day to day.
Syn: atmospheric conditionAnt: climate
💡 Exam tip: Use weather for a day or a short period and climate for many years.
temperature[/ˈtemprətʃər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§€āϤāϞāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž
Example: The average temperature of the Earth is rising.
Syn: heat levelAnt: coldness
💡 Exam tip: The common phrase is rising temperature, not increasing temperature in every context.
pattern[/ˈpÃĻtərn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϧāϰāĻŖ; āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ āϘāϟāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ
Example: Climate change is altering rainfall patterns.
Syn: form, trendAnt: disorder
💡 Exam tip: Weather pattern means the usual way weather behaves over time.
average[/ˈÃĻvərÉĒdʒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ
Example: The average rainfall has changed in many areas.
Syn: mean, normalAnt: extreme
💡 Exam tip: Average can be a noun, adjective, or verb depending on the sentence.
long-term[/ˌlɔːŋ ˈtɜːrm/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ
Alt: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϧāϰ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ
Example: Climate change is a long-term environmental problem.
Syn: lasting, extendedAnt: short-term, temporary
💡 Exam tip: Long-term is usually hyphenated before a noun.
shift[/ʃÉĒft/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ; āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻž
Example: A shift in seasons can affect farmers.
Syn: change, alterationAnt: stability
💡 Exam tip: A shift in something means a change in its position, pattern, or condition.
seasonal[/ˈsiːzənəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ‹āϤ⧁āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ•
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ‹āϤ⧋āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ
Example: Farmers depend on seasonal rainfall.
Syn: periodic, annualAnt: unseasonal
💡 Exam tip: Seasonal is formed from season with the suffix -al.
2. Greenhouse Effect and Atmosphere (8 words)
greenhouse[/ˈɡriːnhaʊs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ āϚāĻžāώ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϚāϘāϰ
Alt: āϤāĻžāĻĒ āφāϟāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: A greenhouse protects plants from cold weather.
Syn: glasshouseAnt: open field
💡 Exam tip: Greenhouse effect is a fixed term related to heat trapped in the atmosphere.
effect[/ÉĒˈfekt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ; āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ
Example: The greenhouse effect keeps the Earth warm.
Syn: impact, resultAnt: cause
💡 Exam tip: Effect is usually a noun; affect is usually a verb.
atmosphere[/ˈÃĻtməsfÉĒər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ
Example: Carbon dioxide mixes through the atmosphere.
Syn: air, surroundingsAnt: vacuum
💡 Exam tip: In climate lessons, atmosphere means the layer of gases around Earth.
radiation[/ˌreÉĒdiˈeÉĒʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāϰāĻŖ
Alt: āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϤāϰāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ›āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Example: Earth sends infrared radiation back toward space.
Syn: emission, energyAnt: absorption
💡 Exam tip: Infrared radiation is heat energy that Earth gives off.
absorb[/əbˈzɔːrb/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻļā§‹āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āϤāĻžāĻĒ, āφāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϰāϞ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Greenhouse gases absorb some outgoing heat.
Syn: take in, soak upAnt: release, emit
💡 Exam tip: Absorb means take in; do not confuse it with observe.
trap[/trÃĻp/]verbeasy
Meaning: āφāϟāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž
Alt: āĻĢāĻžāρāĻĻ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž
Example: Greenhouse gases trap heat in the lower atmosphere.
Syn: hold, retainAnt: release, free
💡 Exam tip: Trap is often followed by an object such as heat, gas, or water.
heat[/hiːt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϤāĻžāĻĒ
Alt: āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ—āϰāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž
Example: Extra heat can make heat waves more severe.
Syn: warmth, hotnessAnt: cold, coolness
💡 Exam tip: Heat can be both a noun and a verb: The sun heats the land.
infrared[/ˌÉĒnfrəˈred/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻ…āĻŦāϞ⧋āĻšāĻŋāϤ; āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āφāϞ⧋āϰ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϤāϰāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻĻ⧈āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ā§āϝ⧇āϰ
Alt: āϤāĻžāĻĒ-āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāϰāĻŖ
Example: The Earth gives off infrared radiation.
Syn: heat-relatedAnt: ultraviolet
💡 Exam tip: Infrared radiation is associated with heat, while ultraviolet radiation is another type of radiation.
3. Greenhouse Gases and Fossil Fuels (8 words)
greenhouse gas[/ˈɥriːnhaƊs ÉĄÃĻs/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻšāĻžāωāϏ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ; āϤāĻžāĻĒ āφāϟāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ⧇āϰ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϝāĻž āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāϤāĻž āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇
Example: Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas.
Syn: heat-trapping gasAnt: cooling agent
💡 Exam tip: Common greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor.
carbon dioxide[/ˌkɑːrbən daÉĒˈɒksaÉĒd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύ āĻĄāĻžāχ-āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāχāĻĄ
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāĻœā§‡āύ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Example: Burning coal releases carbon dioxide.
Syn: CO2Ant: oxygen
💡 Exam tip: Carbon dioxide is uncountable; say much carbon dioxide, not many carbon dioxides.
methane[/ˈmiːθeÉĒn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ⧇āύ
Alt: āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻšāĻžāωāϏ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Example: Methane is another greenhouse gas.
Syn: CH4Ant: oxygen
💡 Exam tip: Methane is a gas, so use it with a singular verb.
fossil fuel[/ˈfɒsəl ˌfjuːəl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻžāĻļā§āĻŽ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ
Alt: āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž, āϤ⧇āϞ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύ āĻœā§€āĻŦ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ
Example: Coal is a fossil fuel.
Syn: non-renewable fuelAnt: renewable energy
💡 Exam tip: The three main fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas.
coal[/koƊl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ
Example: A power plant burns coal to produce electricity.
Syn: mineral fuelAnt: clean energy
💡 Exam tip: Coal is an uncountable noun in its fuel-related meaning.
burn[/bɜːrn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋ āĻŦāĻž āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋
Alt: āφāϗ⧁āύ⧇ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: People burn fossil fuels for transport and industry.
Syn: combust, igniteAnt: extinguish
💡 Exam tip: The past forms are burned or burnt; burned is common in American English.
release[/rÉĒˈliːs/]verbeasy
Meaning: āύāĻŋāσāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž; āϛ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Vehicles release carbon dioxide into the air.
Syn: emit, let outAnt: trap, retain
💡 Exam tip: Release is often used with gases, heat, energy, or pollution.
emission[/ÉĒˈmÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāσāϏāϰāĻŖ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§‚āώāĻ• āĻ›āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Example: Reducing carbon emissions can slow global warming.
Syn: discharge, releaseAnt: absorption
💡 Exam tip: Emission is the noun form of emit.
4. Deforestation and Human Activities (8 words)
deforestation[/diːˌfɒrəˈsteÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāύ āωāϜāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻŦāύ āϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻĒāϏāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Deforestation reduces the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide.
Syn: forest clearingAnt: afforestation, reforestation
💡 Exam tip: Deforestation means removal of forests, not simply damage to a few trees.
forest[/ˈfɒrÉĒst/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāύ
Alt: āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Example: Forests help remove carbon dioxide from the air.
Syn: woodland, jungleAnt: desert
💡 Exam tip: Forest is countable: a forest, many forests.
absorb[/əbˈzɔːrb/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻļā§‹āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύ āĻĄāĻžāχ-āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāχāĻĄ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Syn: take in, removeAnt: emit, release
💡 Exam tip: Trees absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
agriculture[/ˈÃĻÉĄrÉĒkƌltʃər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋ
Alt: āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻļ⧁ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ
Example: Climate change creates risks for agriculture.
Syn: farming, cultivationAnt: urbanization
💡 Exam tip: Agriculture is generally uncountable; use agricultural as its adjective.
activity[/ÃĻkˈtÉĒvəti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϞāĻžāĻĒ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄ
Example: Human activities increase greenhouse gas emissions.
Syn: action, workAnt: inactivity
💡 Exam tip: The plural form activities changes y to ies.
industry[/ˈÉĒndəstri/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ
Alt: āĻĒāĻŖā§āϝ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ–āĻžāϤ
Example: Industry uses energy and may produce emissions.
Syn: manufacturing, businessAnt: idleness
💡 Exam tip: Industrial is the adjective form of industry.
transport[/ˈtrÃĻnspɔːrt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻšāύ
Alt: āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻŖā§āϝ āĻāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Transport is a major source of carbon emissions.
Syn: transportation, carriageAnt: stoppage
💡 Exam tip: Transport can be a noun or a verb: Buses transport people.
contribute[/kənˈtrÉĒbjuːt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž; āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Diesel buses contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
Syn: add to, help causeAnt: prevent, reduce
💡 Exam tip: Use contribute to, not contribute in, before a noun.
5. Effects of Climate Change (8 words)
flood[/flƌd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĄā§āĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Floods can destroy homes and rice crops.
Syn: inundation, overflowAnt: drought
💡 Exam tip: Flood can also be a verb: Heavy rain flooded the village.
drought[/draƊt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ–āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ
Example: A long drought can reduce food production.
Syn: dry spell, aridityAnt: flood, rainfall
💡 Exam tip: Drought is pronounced like doubt, without the b sound.
rainfall[/ˈreÉĒnfɔːl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϤ
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ
Example: Changes in rainfall affect farmers.
Syn: precipitation, rainAnt: dryness
💡 Exam tip: Rainfall is usually uncountable: heavy rainfall, not heavy rainfalls.
storm[/stɔːrm/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ, āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻœā§āϰāϏāĻš āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Stronger storms may threaten coastal communities.
Syn: tempest, galeAnt: calm
💡 Exam tip: A storm may include wind, rain, thunder, or lightning.
heat wave[/ˈhiːt weÉĒv/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻš
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ—āϰāĻŽ
Example: Heat waves can be dangerous for human health.
Syn: hot spellAnt: cold wave
💡 Exam tip: Heat wave is written as two words.
sea level[/ˈsiː ˌlevəl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āϠ⧇āϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āϠ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ
Example: Rising sea level threatens low-lying coastal land.
Syn: ocean levelAnt: highland level
💡 Exam tip: The common phrase is rise in sea level.
saltwater intrusion[/ˈsɔːltwɔːtər ÉĒnˈtruːʒən/]nounhard
Meaning: āϞāĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ
Alt: āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻž āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋāϜāĻŽāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇āϰ āϞāĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻĸ⧁āϕ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Example: Saltwater intrusion can damage rice fields.
Syn: saline invasionAnt: freshwater protection
💡 Exam tip: Intrusion means an unwanted entry into a place.
risk[/rÉĒsk/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āρāĻ•āĻŋ
Alt: āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž
Example: Climate change increases the risk of crop failure.
Syn: danger, hazardAnt: safety, security
💡 Exam tip: Risk of is followed by a noun or gerund: risk of flooding.
6. Solutions, Adaptation and Protection (8 words)
adaptation[/ˌÃĻdÃĻpˈteÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϝ⧋āϜāύ; āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Building stronger embankments is an adaptation measure.
Syn: adjustment, accommodationAnt: resistance, inflexibility
💡 Exam tip: Adaptation helps people cope with effects; it does not stop climate change.
adapt[/əˈdÃĻpt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Farmers must adapt to changing weather conditions.
Syn: adjust, accommodateAnt: resist, reject
💡 Exam tip: Adapt to is the correct phrase.
embankment[/ÉĒmˈbÃĻŋkmənt/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāρāϧ
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āφāϟāĻ•āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āωāρāϚ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āϰ
Example: The new embankment protects the village from floods.
Syn: levee, dikeAnt: channel
💡 Exam tip: An embankment is built to control or stop water.
reduce[/rÉĒˈdjuːs/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: We should reduce the use of fossil fuels.
Syn: decrease, lessenAnt: increase, raise
💡 Exam tip: Reduce is followed by an object: reduce emissions.
prevent[/prÉĒˈvent/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϘāϟāύāĻž āϘāϟāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Planting trees can help prevent soil erosion.
Syn: stop, avoidAnt: allow, encourage
💡 Exam tip: Prevent is followed by from plus a gerund: prevent flooding from damaging homes.
protect[/prəˈtekt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž
Example: Mangrove forests protect coastal communities.
Syn: guard, defendAnt: harm, endanger
💡 Exam tip: Protect someone or something from danger is the common structure.
renewable[/rÉĒˈnjuːəbəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Solar power is a renewable source of energy.
Syn: sustainable, replenishableAnt: non-renewable, exhaustible
💡 Exam tip: Renewable energy includes solar, wind, and hydropower.
sustainable[/səˈsteÉĒnəbəl/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āϏāχ
Alt: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Sustainable farming can protect soil and water.
Syn: eco-friendly, durableAnt: unsustainable, wasteful
💡 Exam tip: Sustainable development meets present needs without harming future generations.
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ Remember the difference: weather is short-term, but climate is the long-term average pattern.
â€ĸ In a definition question, write that climate change affects temperature, rainfall, storms, droughts, sea level, and seasons.
â€ĸ Mention human causes such as burning fossil fuels, using vehicles, industrial activity, and deforestation.
â€ĸ Use cause-and-effect connectors correctly: because, therefore, so, as a result, and consequently.
â€ĸ Learn the sequence of the greenhouse effect: sunlight warms Earth, heat goes upward, greenhouse gases trap some heat, and extra gases cause more warming.
â€ĸ Do not write that climate change means only hotter weather; it also changes rainfall, storms, droughts, sea level, and seasonal patterns.
â€ĸ A cold day does not disprove climate change because weather and climate describe different time periods.
â€ĸ For short-answer questions, explain that adaptation reduces damage but does not stop climate change.
â€ĸ Use article rules carefully: a flood, an adaptation measure, a greenhouse gas, and the atmosphere.
â€ĸ Use the correct prepositions: contribute to emissions, adapt to change, protect from floods, and risk of drought.
â€ĸ For a paragraph, organize the answer into definition, causes, effects, and solutions.
â€ĸ In an exam, give Bangladesh-related examples such as coastal flooding, saltwater intrusion, damaged rice crops, and stronger embankments.

Similar word lists

🎓 Want more words?Make vocabulary sheets for any class, subject and chapter on AlphaGenEdu - free.
Create free account →