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English for Today Class Seven - Climate Change - Vocabulary (Part 3)

Class 6 to 8 ¡ English ¡ 18 Aug 2026

🎯 Class 6 to 8🌐 English📅 18 Aug 2026📖 Course 23 of 112
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Class 6 to 8English for Today Class Seven - Climate Change - Vocabulary (Part 3)

Chapter: Climate Change

📚 Vocabulary
English for Today Class Seven
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
climateweathertemperaturerainfallgreenhouse effectgreenhouse gascarbon dioxidemethanefossil fuelemissiondeforestationadaptationmitigationflooddroughtheat wavesea levelsaltwater intrusionagriculturevulnerable
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē climate + change = climate change: āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ noun āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧇ compound noun āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē greenhouse + gas = greenhouse gas: āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ noun āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē deforest + -ation = deforestation: verb āĻŦāĻž root-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ -ation āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ noun āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē emit + -sion = emission: verb āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢāϞ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ noun āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē adapt + -ation = adaptation: verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ -ation āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ noun āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē renew + -able = renewable: -able āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāύ⧋ adjective āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē sustain + -able = sustainable: -able āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āĻŦāĻž āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ adjective āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē agriculture + -al = agricultural: noun-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ -al āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ adjective āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē coast + -al = coastal: āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ adjective āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē intense + -ity = intensity: adjective-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ -ity āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ quality āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāύ⧋ noun āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē protect + -ion = protection: verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ -ion āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ noun āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē pollute + -ion = pollution: verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ -ion āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ noun āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
1. Climate and Weather Basics (8 words)
climate[/ˈklaÉĒmət/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁; āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāύ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Climate describes the usual weather pattern of a place over many years.
Syn: weather pattern, atmospheric conditionAnt: ៭-term weather
💡 Exam tip: Climate is long-term, but weather changes from day to day.
weather[/ˈweðər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: The weather is cloudy and rainy today.
Syn: atmospheric condition, meteorological conditionAnt: climate
💡 Exam tip: Do not use weather and climate as exact synonyms.
temperature[/ˈtemprətʃər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻˇā§āĻŖāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž
Example: The average temperature of the Earth is rising.
Syn: heat level, degree of heatAnt: coldness
💡 Exam tip: Temperature is usually measured in degrees Celsius.
rainfall[/ˈreÉĒnfɔːl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϤ
Alt: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ
Example: Changes in rainfall can affect farming.
Syn: precipitation, rainAnt: drought
💡 Exam tip: Rainfall is a common effect of changing climate patterns.
pattern[/ˈpÃĻtərn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϧāϰāĻŖ; āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϧāϰāύ
Example: Climate change can disturb normal rainfall patterns.
Syn: form, arrangementAnt: randomness
💡 Exam tip: The phrase weather pattern is important for definition questions.
seasonal[/ˈsiːzənəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ‹āϤ⧁āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ•
Alt: āĻ‹āϤ⧁āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ
Example: Farmers depend on seasonal rainfall.
Syn: periodic, annualAnt: unseasonal
💡 Exam tip: Seasonal is formed from season by adding -al.
long-term[/ˌlɔːŋ ˈtɜːrm/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ
Alt: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϧāϰ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀
Example: Climate change is a long-term change in weather patterns.
Syn: enduring, permanentAnt: short-term, temporary
💡 Exam tip: Use long-term to explain the difference between climate and weather.
average[/ˈÃĻvərÉĒdʒ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ
Example: The average temperature has increased over time.
Syn: mean, normAnt: extreme
💡 Exam tip: Average can be used as a noun, adjective, or verb.
2. Greenhouse Effect and Gases (8 words)
greenhouse[/ˈɡriːnhaʊs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϚāϘāϰ
Alt: āϤāĻžāĻĒ āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: A greenhouse keeps plants warm in cold weather.
Syn: glasshouse, plant house
💡 Exam tip: Greenhouse effect is a key compound term in this chapter.
greenhouse effect[/ˈɥriːnhaƊs ÉĒˌfekt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻšāĻžāωāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āφāϟāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The greenhouse effect keeps Earth warm enough for life.
Syn: heat-trapping process
💡 Exam tip: It is natural, but extra greenhouse gases make it stronger.
greenhouse gas[/ˈɥriːnhaƊs ÉĄÃĻs/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻšāĻžāωāϏ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Alt: āϝ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āφāϟāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇
Example: Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas.
Syn: heat-trapping gas
💡 Exam tip: Remember carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor as examples.
carbon dioxide[/ˌkɑːrbən daÉĒˈɒksaÉĒd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύ āĻĄāĻžāχ-āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāχāĻĄ
Alt: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻšā§€āύ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϝāĻž āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻĒā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
Example: Burning coal releases carbon dioxide into the air.
Syn: CO2
💡 Exam tip: Use releases or emits with carbon dioxide.
methane[/ˈmiːθeÉĒn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ⧇āύ
Alt: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻšāĻžāωāϏ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Example: Methane is another gas that can trap heat.
Syn: CH4
💡 Exam tip: Methane is an example of a greenhouse gas, not a fossil fuel.
radiation[/ˌreÉĒdiˈeÉĒʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāϰāĻŖ
Alt: āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϤāϰāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻ›āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Example: Earth sends infrared radiation back toward space.
Syn: emission, energy wave
💡 Exam tip: Infrared radiation is heat energy leaving the Earth.
absorb[/əbˈzɔːrb/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻļā§‹āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āϤāĻžāĻĒ, āφāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϰāϞ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Greenhouse gases absorb some outgoing heat.
Syn: take in, soak upAnt: emit, release
💡 Exam tip: The noun form is absorption.
trap[/trÃĻp/]verbeasy
Meaning: āφāϟāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž
Alt: āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Extra greenhouse gases trap more heat in the atmosphere.
Syn: hold, confineAnt: release, free
💡 Exam tip: Trap is often followed by heat or energy in this topic.
3. Causes of Climate Change (8 words)
fossil fuel[/ˈfɒsəl ˌfjuːəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻžāĻļā§āĻŽ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ
Alt: āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϞāĻž, āϤ⧇āϞ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύ āϜ⧈āĻŦ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύāĻŋ
Example: Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels.
Syn: non-renewable fuelAnt: renewable energy
💡 Exam tip: Fossil fuels release carbon dioxide when burned.
burn[/bɜːrn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋
Alt: āφāϗ⧁āύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: People burn fossil fuels to produce electricity.
Syn: combust, igniteAnt: extinguish
💡 Exam tip: Burn-burned-burned is the usual verb form in exams.
emission[/ÉĒˈmÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻŽāύ
Alt: āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Reducing carbon emissions can help protect the climate.
Syn: discharge, releaseAnt: absorption
💡 Exam tip: Emission is the noun; emit is the verb.
emit[/iˈmÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ—āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ, āφāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϛ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Vehicles emit harmful gases into the air.
Syn: release, give offAnt: absorb, take in
💡 Exam tip: The past form is emitted, with a double t.
deforestation[/diːˌfɒrəˈsteÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāύ āωāϜāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻŦāύ āϕ⧇āĻŸā§‡ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻĒāϏāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Deforestation reduces the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide.
Syn: forest clearance, tree removalAnt: afforestation, reforestation
💡 Exam tip: Deforestation is both a cause and an environmental problem.
industrial[/ÉĒnˈdƌstriəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ–āĻžāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ
Example: Industrial activities can increase greenhouse gas emissions.
Syn: manufacturing, commercialAnt: agricultural, domestic
💡 Exam tip: Industrial comes from industry by adding -al.
activity[/ÃĻkˈtÉĒvəti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϞāĻžāĻĒ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ŽāĻĒāϰāϤāĻž
Example: Human activities are changing the climate.
Syn: action, operationAnt: inactivity
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is activities, changing y to ies.
clear[/klÉĒər/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āϏāϰāĻžāύ⧋
Example: People clear forests to make land for agriculture.
Syn: remove, emptyAnt: fill, plant
💡 Exam tip: Clear can be a verb, adjective, or adverb depending on use.
4. Effects and Risks (8 words)
flood[/flƌd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻĄā§āĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Floods can damage homes, roads, and crops.
Syn: inundation, overflowAnt: drought
💡 Exam tip: Flood can also be used as a verb: Heavy rain flooded the village.
drought[/draƊt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ–āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ
Example: A long drought can reduce food production.
Syn: dry spell, water shortageAnt: flood, rainfall
💡 Exam tip: Drought is pronounced like out, not drowt.
heat wave[/ˈhiːt weÉĒv/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻš
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āϰāĻŽ āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ
Example: Heat waves can be dangerous for older people and children.
Syn: hot spell, extreme heatAnt: cold spell
💡 Exam tip: Write heat wave as two words in formal answers.
storm[/stɔːrm/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ, āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻœā§āϰāϏāĻš āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: A strong storm damaged many houses near the coast.
Syn: tempest, galeAnt: calm
💡 Exam tip: Storm is a general word; cyclone is a specific type of storm.
sea level[/ˈsiː ˌlevəl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āϠ⧇āϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āϠ⧇āϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻž
Example: Rising sea levels threaten low-lying coastal areas.
Syn: ocean level, mean sea level
💡 Exam tip: Use rising sea levels as a plural phrase when discussing effects.
intrusion[/ÉĒnˈtruːʒən/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ
Alt: āĻ…āύāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ
Example: Saltwater intrusion can make farmland unsuitable for crops.
Syn: infiltration, encroachmentAnt: withdrawal
💡 Exam tip: Saltwater intrusion is especially important for coastal Bangladesh.
impact[/ˈÉĒmpÃĻkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āϘāϟāύāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻĢāϞ
Example: Climate change has a serious impact on farming and health.
Syn: effect, influenceAnt: cause
💡 Exam tip: Impact can be used as both a noun and a verb.
intensity[/ÉĒnˈtensəti/]nounhard
Meaning: āϤ⧀āĻŦā§āϰāϤāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϰ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž
Example: Climate change may increase the intensity of some storms.
Syn: strength, severityAnt: weakness
💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is intense.
5. Adaptation and Solutions (8 words)
adaptation[/ˌÃĻdÃĻpˈteÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϝ⧋āϜāύ
Alt: āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Building stronger embankments is an adaptation measure.
Syn: adjustment, modificationAnt: resistance
💡 Exam tip: Adaptation reduces harm but does not stop climate change.
adapt[/əˈdÃĻpt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Farmers must adapt to changing rainfall patterns.
Syn: adjust, accommodateAnt: resist
💡 Exam tip: Adapt to is the correct phrase, not adapt with.
mitigation[/ˌmÉĒtÉĒˈɥeÉĒʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŽāύ
Alt: āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ•āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Using renewable energy is a climate-change mitigation measure.
Syn: reduction, reliefAnt: aggravation
💡 Exam tip: Mitigation reduces the causes; adaptation manages the effects.
reduce[/rÉĒˈdjuːs/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāύāĻž
Example: We should reduce the use of fossil fuels.
Syn: decrease, lessenAnt: increase, raise
💡 Exam tip: The noun form is reduction.
renewable[/rÉĒˈnjuːəbəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒ⧁āύāĻ°ā§āύāĻŦā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Solar power is a renewable source of energy.
Syn: sustainable, replenishableAnt: non-renewable, exhaustible
💡 Exam tip: Solar and wind power are common examples of renewable energy.
embankment[/ÉĒmˈbÃĻŋkmənt/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāρāϧ
Alt: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āφāϟāĻ•āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āωāρāϚ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻĨāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧ
Example: The embankment protects the village from floodwater.
Syn: dam, levee
💡 Exam tip: Embankments are important adaptation structures in flood-prone areas.
protect[/prəˈtekt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž
Example: Trees protect the soil and absorb carbon dioxide.
Syn: defend, safeguardAnt: harm, endanger
💡 Exam tip: Protect is followed by from when naming a danger.
sustainable[/səˈsteÉĒnəbəl/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āϏāχ
Alt: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Sustainable farming can protect both people and nature.
Syn: eco-friendly, viableAnt: unsustainable, harmful
💡 Exam tip: Sustainable development meets present needs without harming the future.
6. Environment and Human Life (8 words)
atmosphere[/ˈÃĻtməsfÉĒər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞ
Alt: āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϕ⧇ āϘāĻŋāϰ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ
Example: The atmosphere contains gases that surround the Earth.
Syn: air layer, air envelope
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse atmosphere with weather; the atmosphere is the air surrounding Earth.
ecosystem[/ˈiːkoʊˌsÉĒstəm/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ
Alt: āĻœā§€āĻŦ āĻ“ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Climate change can disturb a natural ecosystem.
Syn: ecological system, environment
💡 Exam tip: An ecosystem includes both living and non-living elements.
agriculture[/ˈÃĻÉĄrÉĒˌkƌltʃər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋ
Alt: āĻĢāϏāϞ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻļ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ
Example: Agriculture depends greatly on suitable rainfall and temperature.
Syn: farming, cultivation
💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is agricultural.
coastal[/ˈkoʊstəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āωāĻĒāϕ⧂āϞ⧀āϝāĻŧ
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāϕ⧂āϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ
Example: Coastal communities are at risk from rising sea levels.
Syn: seaside, shorelineAnt: inland
💡 Exam tip: Coastal is formed from coast by adding -al.
health[/helθ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ
Alt: āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ āĻ“ āĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Extreme heat can harm human health.
Syn: well-being, fitnessAnt: illness, disease
💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is healthy; the adverb is healthily.
food production[/ˈfuːd prəˌdʌkʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ
Alt: āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰāĻŦā§āϝ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Drought and floods can reduce food production.
Syn: food cultivation, agricultural output
💡 Exam tip: Use reduce or increase before food production.
vulnerable[/ˈvʌlnərəbəl/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻā§āρāĻ•āĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
Alt: āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻž āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: People living in low-lying areas are vulnerable to floods.
Syn: at risk, unprotectedAnt: safe, protected
💡 Exam tip: Vulnerable is usually followed by to.
disaster[/dÉĒˈzÃĻstər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϝ⧋āĻ—
Alt: āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώāϝāĻŧāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāϝāĻŧ
Example: Communities need plans to prepare for climate-related disasters.
Syn: catastrophe, calamityAnt: blessing, success
💡 Exam tip: Disaster preparedness can reduce loss of life and property.
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ Climate means the long-term weather pattern, whereas weather means the short-term atmospheric condition.
â€ĸ In a definition question, write that climate change is a long-term shift in average weather patterns.
â€ĸ Remember the main causes: burning fossil fuels and deforestation.
â€ĸ Remember the major effects: rising temperature, changing rainfall, floods, droughts, sea-level rise, and stronger heat waves.
â€ĸ Adaptation helps people adjust to climate effects, while mitigation reduces greenhouse-gas emissions.
â€ĸ Use carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor as examples of greenhouse gases.
â€ĸ Use the correct prepositions: vulnerable to floods, adapt to change, protect from danger, and depend on rainfall.
â€ĸ For synonym questions, emission means release, reduce means decrease, and impact means effect.
â€ĸ For antonym questions, fossil fuel contrasts with renewable energy, drought with flood, and protect with harm.
â€ĸ In paragraph writing, organize the answer as causes, effects, and solutions.
â€ĸ Use examples from Bangladesh such as coastal flooding, saltwater intrusion, embankments, rice farming, and cyclones.
â€ĸ Check spelling carefully: temperature, atmosphere, deforestation, greenhouse, radiation, and vulnerable.

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