Chapter: The Sentence
đ Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Seven
â Most Important Exam Words
sentencesubjectverbextensionaffirmativenegativeinterrogativeimperativeexclamatoryoptativeauxiliaryquestionanswercommandrequestadviceprohibitioninstructionemotionintroducesingularpluralexistwelfare
đ Word Formation Rules
âē affirmative â affirmation: -ive changes the noun form into an adjective.
âē negative â negativity: -ity forms a noun expressing a quality or state.
âē interrogate â interrogative: -ive forms an adjective related to questioning.
âē exclaim â exclamation: -ation forms a noun expressing an action or result.
âē communicate â communication: -ion forms a noun from the verb.
âē describe â description: -tion changes the verb into a noun.
âē introduce â introduction: -tion forms a noun from the verb.
âē instruct â instruction: -ion forms a noun from the verb.
âē possible â impossible: the prefix im- gives the word a negative meaning.
âē happy â unhappy: the prefix un- gives the adjective an opposite meaning.
âē singular â plural: some nouns change their form to show more than one.
âē advice is a noun, while advise is a verb; remember the difference in spelling and pronunciation.
1. Basic Terms of a Sentence (8 words)
sentence[/ËsentÉns/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽāώā§āĻāĻŋ
Example: A sentence expresses a complete meaning.
Syn: statementAnt: fragment
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻŦā§: āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ sentence-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ subject āĻ verb āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
subject[/ËsĘbdĘÉĒkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāϰā§āϤāĻž
Alt: āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāϰā§
Example: In 'Birds sing', 'Birds' is the subject.
Syn: doerAnt: object
đĄ Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāϰā§: Who or what performs the action?
verb[/vÉËrb/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: The word 'sing' is a verb.
Syn: action wordAnt: inactivity
đĄ Exam tip: Subject + Verb + Extension āĻšāϞ⧠sentence-āĻāϰ āĻŽā§āϞāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§āĨ¤
extension[/ÉĒkËstenĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ
āĻāĻļ
Alt: subject āĻ verb-āĻāϰ āĻ
āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ
Example: In 'Birds sing in the morning', 'in the morning' is the extension.
Syn: additionAnt: shortening
đĄ Exam tip: Extension āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
meaning[/ËmiËnÉĒÅ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻŦ
Example: A correct sentence gives a complete meaning.
Syn: senseAnt: nonsense
đĄ Exam tip: Complete meaning āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠āϏā§āĻāĻŋ sentence āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
communicate[/kÉËmjuËnÉĒkeÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϝā§āĻāĻžāϝā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: We use sentences to communicate effectively.
Syn: expressAnt: conceal
đĄ Exam tip: Communicate-āĻāϰ noun form communicationāĨ¤
describe[/dÉĒËskraÉĒb/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: We use sentences to describe a picture.
Syn: depictAnt: misrepresent
đĄ Exam tip: Describe-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ about āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
correct[/kÉËrekt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻā§āϞ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Students should write correct sentences.
Syn: rightAnt: incorrect
đĄ Exam tip: Correct-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ incorrect āĻŦāĻž wrongāĨ¤
2. Kinds of Sentences (8 words)
affirmative[/ÉËfÉËrmÉtÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ-āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ
Alt: āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰā§
Example: I have a car is an affirmative sentence.
Syn: positiveAnt: negative
đĄ Exam tip: Affirmative sentence āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
negative[/ËneÉĄÉtÉĒv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āύāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ
Alt: āĻ
āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰā§
Example: I do not have a car is a negative sentence.
Syn: denyingAnt: affirmative
đĄ Exam tip: Not, never, no, none āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ negative sentence-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
interrogative[/ËÉĒntÉËrÉÉĄÉtÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāϏāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Where are you going is an interrogative sentence.
Syn: questioningAnt: declarative
đĄ Exam tip: Interrogative sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠question mark (?) āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
imperative[/ÉĒmËperÉtÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĻā§āĻļāϏā§āĻāĻ
Alt: āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ, āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰā§
Example: Please open the door is an imperative sentence.
Syn: commandingAnt: optional
đĄ Exam tip: Positive imperative āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ main verb āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
exclamatory[/ÉĒkËsklÃĻmÉtÉri/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻāĻ
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ, āĻĻā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰā§
Example: What a beautiful flower it is is an exclamatory sentence.
Syn: emotionalAnt: unemotional
đĄ Exam tip: Exclamatory sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠exclamation mark (!) āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
optative[/ËÉptÉtÉĒv/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰā§
Example: May you be happy is an optative sentence.
Syn: wishfulAnt: unwishing
đĄ Exam tip: May āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ optative āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
statement[/ËsteÉĒtmÉnt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ
Example: Statements may be affirmative or negative.
Syn: declarationAnt: question
đĄ Exam tip: Statement-āĻāϰ āĻĻā§āĻ āϧāϰāύ: affirmative āĻ negativeāĨ¤
emotion[/ÉĒËmÉĘĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻŽāύā§āϰ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ, āĻĻā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻŦ
Example: An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion.
Syn: feelingAnt: indifference
đĄ Exam tip: Joy, sorrow, wonder and surprise are common emotions in exclamatory sentences.
3. Question Words and Answers (8 words)
question[/ËkwestĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ
Alt: āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž
Example: The teacher asked a difficult question.
Syn: queryAnt: answer
đĄ Exam tip: Question sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠question mark āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
answer[/ËÉËnsÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ
Example: Give the answer in a full sentence.
Syn: replyAnt: question
đĄ Exam tip: Yes/No question-āĻāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ⧠Yes āĻŦāĻž No āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
auxiliary[/ÉËÉĄËzÉĒliÉri/]adjhard
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ
Alt: āĻŽā§āϞ verb-āĻā§ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Do is an auxiliary verb in 'Do you like birds?'
Syn: helpingAnt: main
đĄ Exam tip: Do, be, have, shall and will can act as auxiliary verbs.
verbal[/ËvÉËrbÉl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: verb-āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ
Example: Are you going is a verbal question.
Syn: oralAnt: written
đĄ Exam tip: Verbal question āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ auxiliary verb āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
where[/weÉr/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§āϧāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Where are you going?
Syn: at what place
đĄ Exam tip: Where āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
when[/wen/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāύ
Alt: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: When will they join us?
Syn: at what time
đĄ Exam tip: When āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
why[/waÉĒ/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻā§āύ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Why are you late?
Syn: for what reason
đĄ Exam tip: Why-āĻāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ because āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
which[/wÉĒtĘ/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻā§āύāĻāĻŋ
Alt: āϏā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāύāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ
Example: Which newspaper do you like?
Syn: what one
đĄ Exam tip: Which āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
4. Imperative Sentence Vocabulary (8 words)
command[/kÉËmÉËnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: The teacher gave a command to the students.
Syn: orderAnt: request
đĄ Exam tip: Command āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļā§ imperative sentence āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
request[/rÉĒËkwest/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ
Alt: āĻāĻĻā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Please bring some snacks is a request.
Syn: appealAnt: demand
đĄ Exam tip: Please āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāϞ⧠imperative sentence āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
advice[/ÉdËvaÉĒs/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻĻā§āĻļ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļ
Example: Be attentive in your studies is good advice.
Syn: guidanceAnt: misguidance
đĄ Exam tip: Advice uncountable noun; āϤāĻžāĻ an advice āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
prohibition[/ËprÉĘÉĒËbÉĒĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āύāĻŋāώā§āϧ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āύāĻž āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: Do not enter is a prohibition.
Syn: banAnt: permission
đĄ Exam tip: Negative imperative-āĻ Do not āĻŦāĻž Don't āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
instruction[/ÉĒnËstrĘkĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļāύāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ
Example: Listen attentively to the instructions.
Syn: directionAnt: confusion
đĄ Exam tip: Imperative sentence instruction-āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
forbid[/fÉËbÉĒd/]verbmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāώā§āϧ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āύāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Mother forbade me to go outside.
Syn: prohibitAnt: allow
đĄ Exam tip: Forbid-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ object + to-infinitive āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
remember[/rÉĒËmembÉr/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āϞ⧠āύāĻž āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Remember to bring your book.
Syn: recallAnt: forget
đĄ Exam tip: Remember to + verb āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ imperative āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āϞā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
snatch[/snÃĻtĘ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻšāĻ āĻžā§ āĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Do not snatch the baby birds from their mother.
Syn: seizeAnt: give
đĄ Exam tip: Don't snatch away āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āύāĻŋāĻ āύāĻžāĨ¤
5. Exclamatory and Optative Expressions (8 words)
joy[/dĘÉÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āϏā§āĻā§āϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: Hurrah! We won the match expresses joy.
Syn: happinessAnt: sorrow
đĄ Exam tip: Hurrah āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
wonder[/ËwĘndÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻ
āĻā§āϤāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻļā§āĻāϰā§āϝ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: What a wonderful view! expresses wonder.
Syn: amazementAnt: boredom
đĄ Exam tip: What a āĻāĻŦāĻ How āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ wonder āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
surprise[/sÉrËpraÉĒz/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻļā§āĻāϰā§āϝ
Alt: āĻ
āĻĒā§āϰāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: What a surprise!
Syn: astonishmentAnt: expectation
đĄ Exam tip: Surprise āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļā§ What a surprise! āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĨ¤
alas[/ÉËlÃĻs/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻļā§āĻāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Alas! I have lost my book.
Syn: unfortunatelyAnt: hurrah
đĄ Exam tip: Alas āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ sorrow āĻŦāĻž regret āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
hurrah[/hĘËrÉË/]interjectioneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āϰāϰā§
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ
Example: Hurrah! Our team has won.
Syn: hoorayAnt: alas
đĄ Exam tip: Hurrah-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠exclamation mark āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
bless[/bles/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻļā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŽāĻā§āĻāϞ āĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Example: May God bless you.
Syn: protectAnt: curse
đĄ Exam tip: May God bless you āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ optative sentenceāĨ¤
wish[/wÉĒĘ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: I wish you a happy new year.
Syn: desireAnt: reject
đĄ Exam tip: Wish you a safe journey āĻļā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ expressionāĨ¤
welfare[/ËwelfeÉr/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāϞā§āϝāĻžāĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻā§āĻāϞ
Example: We pray for the welfare of our country.
Syn: well-beingAnt: distress
đĄ Exam tip: Pray for the welfare of āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
6. Introductory There (8 words)
introduce[/ËÉĒntrÉËdjuËs/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āύāϤā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: There is a river introduces a river.
Syn: presentAnt: withdraw
đĄ Exam tip: Introductory there āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻāϤ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤
singular[/ËsÉĒÅÉĄjÉlÉr/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻŦāĻāύ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: There is a flower uses a singular subject.
Syn: oneAnt: plural
đĄ Exam tip: Singular subject-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ there is āĻŦāĻž there was āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
plural[/ËplĘÉrÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāĻāύ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: There are many flowers uses a plural subject.
Syn: multipleAnt: singular
đĄ Exam tip: Plural subject-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ there are āĻŦāĻž there were āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
exist[/ÉĒÉĄËzÉĒst/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āϏā§āϤāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: There are many animals in the forest.
Syn: liveAnt: disappear
đĄ Exam tip: There is/are āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻ
āϏā§āϤāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
darkness[/ËdÉËrknÉs/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āϧāĻāĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ
Example: There is darkness everywhere in the house.
Syn: gloomAnt: brightness
đĄ Exam tip: Darkness uncountable singular noun; āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ there is āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
sound[/saĘnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ
Example: There is no sound anywhere.
Syn: noiseAnt: silence
đĄ Exam tip: No sound āĻĨāĻžāĻāϞ⧠verb singular āϧāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
accident[/ËÃĻksÉĒdÉnt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻāύāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āϤ āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻāϰ āĻāĻāύāĻž
Example: There was a bus accident on the highway.
Syn: mishapAnt: safety
đĄ Exam tip: Past event āĻšāϞ⧠there was āĻŦāĻž there were āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
impossibility[/ÉĒmËpÉsÉËbÉĒlÉti/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ
āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦ āύāĻž āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: There is no knowing what will happen.
Syn: unlikelihoodAnt: possibility
đĄ Exam tip: There is no + gerund āĻ
āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦāϤāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ A sentence must express a complete meaning and generally contain a subject and a verb.
âĸ Identify the kind of sentence by its purpose: statement, question, command, strong feeling, or wish.
âĸ Affirmative sentences express something positively; negative sentences use words such as not, never, no, and none.
âĸ Interrogative sentences end with a question mark and may be wh-questions or verbal yes/no questions.
âĸ Wh-questions begin with words such as what, where, when, why, who, and which.
âĸ Verbal questions commonly begin with auxiliary verbs such as do, be, have, shall, and will.
âĸ Imperative sentences usually begin with the main verb; negative imperatives begin with Do not or Don't.
âĸ Use please to make an imperative sentence polite.
âĸ Exclamatory sentences express strong feelings and end with an exclamation mark.
âĸ Optative sentences express wishes or prayers and often begin with May, Wish, or Hope.
âĸ Use there is with a singular subject and there are with a plural subject.
âĸ Use there was and there were for past existence according to the number of the subject.
âĸ In introductory there constructions, there introduces the subject and does not usually indicate a place.
âĸ After there is, no + gerund can express impossibility, as in There is no knowing what will happen.
âĸ In transformation questions, preserve the original meaning while changing the sentence form.