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English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - The Sentence - Vocabulary

Class 6 to 8 ¡ English ¡ 14 Aug 2026

🎯 Class 6 to 8🌐 English📅 14 Aug 2026📖 Course 41 of 112
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Class 6 to 8English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - The Sentence - Vocabulary

Chapter: The Sentence

📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Seven
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
sentencesubjectverbextensionaffirmativenegativeinterrogativeimperativeexclamatoryoptativeauxiliaryquestionanswercommandrequestadviceprohibitioninstructionemotionintroducesingularpluralexistwelfare
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē affirmative → affirmation: -ive changes the noun form into an adjective.
â–ē negative → negativity: -ity forms a noun expressing a quality or state.
â–ē interrogate → interrogative: -ive forms an adjective related to questioning.
â–ē exclaim → exclamation: -ation forms a noun expressing an action or result.
â–ē communicate → communication: -ion forms a noun from the verb.
â–ē describe → description: -tion changes the verb into a noun.
â–ē introduce → introduction: -tion forms a noun from the verb.
â–ē instruct → instruction: -ion forms a noun from the verb.
â–ē possible → impossible: the prefix im- gives the word a negative meaning.
â–ē happy → unhappy: the prefix un- gives the adjective an opposite meaning.
â–ē singular → plural: some nouns change their form to show more than one.
â–ē advice is a noun, while advise is a verb; remember the difference in spelling and pronunciation.
1. Basic Terms of a Sentence (8 words)
sentence[/ˈsentəns/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ
Example: A sentence expresses a complete meaning.
Syn: statementAnt: fragment
💡 Exam tip: āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ sentence-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ subject āĻ“ verb āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤
subject[/ˈsƌbdʒÉĒkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž
Alt: āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: In 'Birds sing', 'Birds' is the subject.
Syn: doerAnt: object
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ•āϰ⧋: Who or what performs the action?
verb[/vɜːrb/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: The word 'sing' is a verb.
Syn: action wordAnt: inactivity
💡 Exam tip: Subject + Verb + Extension āĻšāϞ⧋ sentence-āĻāϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹āĨ¤
extension[/ÉĒkˈstenʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ
Alt: subject āĻ“ verb-āĻāϰ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ
Example: In 'Birds sing in the morning', 'in the morning' is the extension.
Syn: additionAnt: shortening
💡 Exam tip: Extension āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
meaning[/ˈmiːnÉĒŋ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ
Example: A correct sentence gives a complete meaning.
Syn: senseAnt: nonsense
💡 Exam tip: Complete meaning āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ sentence āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
communicate[/kəˈmjuːnÉĒkeÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: We use sentences to communicate effectively.
Syn: expressAnt: conceal
💡 Exam tip: Communicate-āĻāϰ noun form communicationāĨ¤
describe[/dÉĒˈskraÉĒb/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: We use sentences to describe a picture.
Syn: depictAnt: misrepresent
💡 Exam tip: Describe-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ about āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
correct[/kəˈrekt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•
Alt: āϭ⧁āϞ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Students should write correct sentences.
Syn: rightAnt: incorrect
💡 Exam tip: Correct-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ incorrect āĻŦāĻž wrongāĨ¤
2. Kinds of Sentences (8 words)
affirmative[/əˈfɜːrmətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ-āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āχāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: I have a car is an affirmative sentence.
Syn: positiveAnt: negative
💡 Exam tip: Affirmative sentence āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āχāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤
negative[/ˈneɡətÉĒv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āύāĻž-āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: I do not have a car is a negative sentence.
Syn: denyingAnt: affirmative
💡 Exam tip: Not, never, no, none āĻĒā§āϰāϭ⧃āϤāĻŋ negative sentence-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
interrogative[/ˌÉĒntəˈrɒɡətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ•
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āϜāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Where are you going is an interrogative sentence.
Syn: questioningAnt: declarative
💡 Exam tip: Interrogative sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ question mark (?) āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
imperative[/ÉĒmˈperətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļāϏ⧂āϚāĻ•
Alt: āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļ, āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: Please open the door is an imperative sentence.
Syn: commandingAnt: optional
💡 Exam tip: Positive imperative āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ main verb āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
exclamatory[/ÉĒkˈsklÃĻmətəri/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏ⧂āϚāĻ•
Alt: āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ, āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ– āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: What a beautiful flower it is is an exclamatory sentence.
Syn: emotionalAnt: unemotional
💡 Exam tip: Exclamatory sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ exclamation mark (!) āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
optative[/ˈɒptətÉĒv/]adjhard
Meaning: āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāϏ⧂āϚāĻ•
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļ⧁āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: May you be happy is an optative sentence.
Syn: wishfulAnt: unwishing
💡 Exam tip: May āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļ⧁āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ optative āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
statement[/ˈsteÉĒtmənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧃āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ
Example: Statements may be affirmative or negative.
Syn: declarationAnt: question
💡 Exam tip: Statement-āĻāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϧāϰāύ: affirmative āĻ“ negativeāĨ¤
emotion[/ÉĒˈməʊʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ, āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ– āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ
Example: An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion.
Syn: feelingAnt: indifference
💡 Exam tip: Joy, sorrow, wonder and surprise are common emotions in exclamatory sentences.
3. Question Words and Answers (8 words)
question[/ˈkwestʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ
Alt: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž
Example: The teacher asked a difficult question.
Syn: queryAnt: answer
💡 Exam tip: Question sentence-āĻāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ question mark āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
answer[/ˈɑːnsər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ
Example: Give the answer in a full sentence.
Syn: replyAnt: question
💡 Exam tip: Yes/No question-āĻāϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ⧇ Yes āĻŦāĻž No āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
auxiliary[/ɔːɡˈzÉĒliəri/]adjhard
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ•
Alt: āĻŽā§‚āϞ verb-āϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Do is an auxiliary verb in 'Do you like birds?'
Syn: helpingAnt: main
💡 Exam tip: Do, be, have, shall and will can act as auxiliary verbs.
verbal[/ˈvɜːrbəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: verb-āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ
Example: Are you going is a verbal question.
Syn: oralAnt: written
💡 Exam tip: Verbal question āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ auxiliary verb āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
where[/weər/]adveasy
Meaning: āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Where are you going?
Syn: at what place
💡 Exam tip: Where āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
when[/wen/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻ–āύ
Alt: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: When will they join us?
Syn: at what time
💡 Exam tip: When āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϚāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
why[/waÉĒ/]adveasy
Meaning: āϕ⧇āύ
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Why are you late?
Syn: for what reason
💡 Exam tip: Why-āĻāϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ because āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
which[/wÉĒtʃ/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ
Alt: āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ
Example: Which newspaper do you like?
Syn: what one
💡 Exam tip: Which āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
4. Imperative Sentence Vocabulary (8 words)
command[/kəˈmɑːnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļ
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāωāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: The teacher gave a command to the students.
Syn: orderAnt: request
💡 Exam tip: Command āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇ imperative sentence āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
request[/rÉĒˈkwest/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ
Alt: āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϚāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Please bring some snacks is a request.
Syn: appealAnt: demand
💡 Exam tip: Please āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ imperative sentence āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
advice[/ədˈvaÉĒs/]nounmedium
Meaning: āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ
Alt: āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ
Example: Be attentive in your studies is good advice.
Syn: guidanceAnt: misguidance
💡 Exam tip: Advice uncountable noun; āϤāĻžāχ an advice āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
prohibition[/ˌprəʊÉĒˈbÉĒʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: āύāĻŋāώ⧇āϧ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: Do not enter is a prohibition.
Syn: banAnt: permission
💡 Exam tip: Negative imperative-āĻ Do not āĻŦāĻž Don't āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
instruction[/ÉĒnˈstrƌkʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ
Example: Listen attentively to the instructions.
Syn: directionAnt: confusion
💡 Exam tip: Imperative sentence instruction-āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
forbid[/fəˈbÉĒd/]verbmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāώ⧇āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāωāϕ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Mother forbade me to go outside.
Syn: prohibitAnt: allow
💡 Exam tip: Forbid-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ object + to-infinitive āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
remember[/rÉĒˈmembər/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž
Alt: āϭ⧁āϞ⧇ āύāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Remember to bring your book.
Syn: recallAnt: forget
💡 Exam tip: Remember to + verb āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ imperative āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
snatch[/snÃĻtʃ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ›āĻŋāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻšāĻ āĻžā§Ž āĻœā§‹āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϕ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Do not snatch the baby birds from their mother.
Syn: seizeAnt: give
💡 Exam tip: Don't snatch away āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ›āĻŋāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ“ āύāĻžāĨ¤
5. Exclamatory and Optative Expressions (8 words)
joy[/dʒɔÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϏ⧁āϖ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻŋ
Example: Hurrah! We won the match expresses joy.
Syn: happinessAnt: sorrow
💡 Exam tip: Hurrah āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
wonder[/ˈwʌndər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻ…āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āφāĻļā§āϚāĻ°ā§āϝ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: What a wonderful view! expresses wonder.
Syn: amazementAnt: boredom
💡 Exam tip: What a āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ How āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ wonder āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
surprise[/sərˈpraÉĒz/]nouneasy
Meaning: āφāĻļā§āϚāĻ°ā§āϝ
Alt: āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āϘāϟāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻŋ
Example: What a surprise!
Syn: astonishmentAnt: expectation
💡 Exam tip: Surprise āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇ What a surprise! āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĨ¤
alas[/əˈlÃĻs/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ– āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§‹āϚāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Alas! I have lost my book.
Syn: unfortunatelyAnt: hurrah
💡 Exam tip: Alas āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ sorrow āĻŦāĻž regret āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
hurrah[/hʊˈrɑː/]interjectioneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āϰāϰ⧇
Alt: āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āωāĻšā§āĻ›ā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ
Example: Hurrah! Our team has won.
Syn: hoorayAnt: alas
💡 Exam tip: Hurrah-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ exclamation mark āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
bless[/bles/]verbeasy
Meaning: āφāĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϞ āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: May God bless you.
Syn: protectAnt: curse
💡 Exam tip: May God bless you āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ optative sentenceāĨ¤
wish[/wÉĒʃ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I wish you a happy new year.
Syn: desireAnt: reject
💡 Exam tip: Wish you a safe journey āĻļ⧁āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• expressionāĨ¤
welfare[/ˈwelfeər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻŖ
Alt: āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϞ
Example: We pray for the welfare of our country.
Syn: well-beingAnt: distress
💡 Exam tip: Pray for the welfare of āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
6. Introductory There (8 words)
introduce[/ˌÉĒntrəˈdjuːs/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: There is a river introduces a river.
Syn: presentAnt: withdraw
💡 Exam tip: Introductory there āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻ—āϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
singular[/ˈsÉĒÅ‹ÉĄjələr/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ
Alt: āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: There is a flower uses a singular subject.
Syn: oneAnt: plural
💡 Exam tip: Singular subject-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ there is āĻŦāĻž there was āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
plural[/ˈplʊərəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻšā§āĻŦāϚāύ
Alt: āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: There are many flowers uses a plural subject.
Syn: multipleAnt: singular
💡 Exam tip: Plural subject-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ there are āĻŦāĻž there were āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
exist[/ÉĒɥˈzÉĒst/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Alt: āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Example: There are many animals in the forest.
Syn: liveAnt: disappear
💡 Exam tip: There is/are āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϰ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
darkness[/ˈdɑːrknəs/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϧāĻ•āĻžāϰ
Alt: āφāϞ⧋āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ
Example: There is darkness everywhere in the house.
Syn: gloomAnt: brightness
💡 Exam tip: Darkness uncountable singular noun; āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ there is āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
sound[/saƊnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻļā§āϰ⧁āϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āφāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϜ
Example: There is no sound anywhere.
Syn: noiseAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: No sound āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ verb singular āϧāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
accident[/ˈÃĻksÉĒdənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϘāϟāύāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ•āϰ āϘāϟāύāĻž
Example: There was a bus accident on the highway.
Syn: mishapAnt: safety
💡 Exam tip: Past event āĻšāϞ⧇ there was āĻŦāĻž there were āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
impossibility[/ÉĒmˌpɒsəˈbÉĒləti/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāϤāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āύāĻž āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: There is no knowing what will happen.
Syn: unlikelihoodAnt: possibility
💡 Exam tip: There is no + gerund āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāϤāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ A sentence must express a complete meaning and generally contain a subject and a verb.
â€ĸ Identify the kind of sentence by its purpose: statement, question, command, strong feeling, or wish.
â€ĸ Affirmative sentences express something positively; negative sentences use words such as not, never, no, and none.
â€ĸ Interrogative sentences end with a question mark and may be wh-questions or verbal yes/no questions.
â€ĸ Wh-questions begin with words such as what, where, when, why, who, and which.
â€ĸ Verbal questions commonly begin with auxiliary verbs such as do, be, have, shall, and will.
â€ĸ Imperative sentences usually begin with the main verb; negative imperatives begin with Do not or Don't.
â€ĸ Use please to make an imperative sentence polite.
â€ĸ Exclamatory sentences express strong feelings and end with an exclamation mark.
â€ĸ Optative sentences express wishes or prayers and often begin with May, Wish, or Hope.
â€ĸ Use there is with a singular subject and there are with a plural subject.
â€ĸ Use there was and there were for past existence according to the number of the subject.
â€ĸ In introductory there constructions, there introduces the subject and does not usually indicate a place.
â€ĸ After there is, no + gerund can express impossibility, as in There is no knowing what will happen.
â€ĸ In transformation questions, preserve the original meaning while changing the sentence form.

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