Chapter: Parts of Speech
📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Seven
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
nounpronounverbadjectiveadverbprepositionconjunctioninterjectioncommon nounproper nounabstract nouncollective nounsubjectobjectmodifieractionstate of beingpossessionrelationshipexclamation
📃 Word Formation Rules
► Add -ly to many adjectives to form adverbs: careful → carefully, quick → quickly.
► Add -ness to some adjectives to form abstract nouns: kind → kindness, honest → honesty.
► Add -ful to some nouns to form adjectives: use → useful, care → careful.
► Add -less to nouns to form adjectives meaning without: care → careless, use → useless.
► Add -er or -or to some verbs to form nouns referring to a person: teach → teacher, act → actor.
► A word may change its part of speech according to its function: light is a noun in 'The light shines' and an adjective in 'a light bag'.
► Use possessive pronouns to show ownership: my → mine, our → ours, their → theirs.
► Adverbs of manner often end in -ly, but some do not: fast, hard, late, and well.
1. Nouns: Naming Words (8 words)
person[/ˈpɜːrsən/]nouneasy
Meaning: ব্যক্তি
Alt: মানুষ
Example: The person is waiting outside.
Syn: individualAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
place[/pleɪs/]nouneasy
Meaning: স্থান
Alt: জায়গা
Example: Dhaka is a busy place.
Syn: locationAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Identify place names as proper nouns when they begin with capital letters.
object[/ˈɒbdʒɪkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: বস্তু
Alt: জিনিস
Example: The pen is a useful object.
Syn: thingAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: An object can be a physical thing named in a sentence.
idea[/aɪˈdɪə/]nounmedium
Meaning: ধারণা
Alt: চিন্তা
Example: She had a brilliant idea.
Syn: thoughtAnt: ignorance
💡 Exam tip: Ideas and feelings are abstract nouns.
honesty[/ˈɒnəsti/]nouneasy
Meaning: সততা
Alt: সত্যবাদিতা
Example: Honesty is a great virtue.
Syn: truthfulnessAnt: dishonesty
💡 Exam tip: Abstract nouns name qualities, states, or ideas.
teacher[/ˈtiːtʃər/]nouneasy
Meaning: শিক্ষক
Alt: শিক্ষিকা
Example: The teacher explained the lesson.
Syn: educatorAnt: student
💡 Exam tip: A noun may be the subject or object of a sentence.
library[/ˈlaɪbrəri/]nouneasy
Meaning: গ্রন্থাগার
Alt: লাইব্রেরি
Example: We borrowed books from the library.
Syn: reading roomAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Common nouns usually do not begin with capital letters.
freedom[/ˈfriːdəm/]nounmedium
Meaning: স্বাধীনতা
Alt: মুক্তি
Example: Freedom is precious to every nation.
Syn: libertyAnt: slavery
💡 Exam tip: Use abstract nouns for things that cannot be touched.
2. Verbs: Action and State Words (8 words)
run[/rʌn/]verbeasy
Meaning: দৌড়ানো
Alt: চালানো
Example: The boys run every morning.
Syn: raceAnt: walk
💡 Exam tip: A verb shows an action or a state of being.
write[/raɪt/]verbeasy
Meaning: লেখা
Alt: রচনা করা
Example: Please write your name here.
Syn: composeAnt: erase
💡 Exam tip: Check the verb form according to the subject and tense.
decide[/dɪˈsaɪd/]verbmedium
Meaning: সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া
Alt: স্থির করা
Example: They decided to help the poor.
Syn: determineAnt: hesitate
💡 Exam tip: Verbs may be transitive or intransitive depending on their use.
explain[/ɪkˈspleɪn/]verbeasy
Meaning: ব্যাখ্যা করা
Alt: বোঝানো
Example: The teacher explained the rule clearly.
Syn: clarifyAnt: confuse
💡 Exam tip: In a complete sentence, the main verb is essential.
is[/ɪz/]verbeasy
Meaning: হয়
Alt: আছে
Example: The sky is blue.
Syn: existsAnt: is not
💡 Exam tip: Is is a form of the verb be and expresses a state.
help[/help/]verbeasy
Meaning: সাহায্য করা
Alt: উপকার করা
Example: We should help our neighbours.
Syn: assistAnt: hinder
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse a verb with a noun when the same word has both uses.
build[/bɪld/]verbmedium
Meaning: নির্মাণ করা
Alt: গড়ে তোলা
Example: Workers build strong bridges.
Syn: constructAnt: destroy
💡 Exam tip: Learn irregular forms: build, built, built.
improve[/ɪmˈpruːv/]verbmedium
Meaning: উন্নতি করা
Alt: উন্নত হওয়া
Example: Reading improves our vocabulary.
Syn: developAnt: worsen
💡 Exam tip: Use the base form after modal verbs such as can and should.
3. Adjectives: Describing Words (8 words)
tall[/tɔːl/]adjeasy
Meaning: লম্বা
Alt: উচ্চ
Example: A tall tree stood beside the road.
Syn: highAnt: short
💡 Exam tip: An adjective usually describes a noun or pronoun.
bright[/braɪt/]adjeasy
Meaning: উজ্জ্বল
Alt: মেধাবী
Example: The bright sun warmed the field.
Syn: shiningAnt: dark
💡 Exam tip: Bright can describe light or intelligence depending on context.
careful[/ˈkeəfəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: সতর্ক
Alt: সাবধানী
Example: He is a careful driver.
Syn: cautiousAnt: careless
💡 Exam tip: Careful describes a person or thing; carefully describes an action.
useful[/ˈjuːsfəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: উপকারী
Alt: ব্যবহারযোগ্য
Example: This is a useful book.
Syn: helpfulAnt: useless
💡 Exam tip: The suffix -ful often forms adjectives meaning full of or having.
honest[/ˈɒnɪst/]adjeasy
Meaning: সৎ
Alt: সত্যবাদী
Example: An honest person speaks the truth.
Syn: truthfulAnt: dishonest
💡 Exam tip: Honest begins with a vowel sound, so use an before it.
beautiful[/ˈbjuːtɪfəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: সুন্দর
Alt: মনোরম
Example: The garden has beautiful flowers.
Syn: prettyAnt: ugly
💡 Exam tip: Adjectives may come before nouns or after linking verbs.
heavy[/ˈhevi/]adjeasy
Meaning: ভারী
Alt: গুরুতর
Example: This box is too heavy to lift.
Syn: weightyAnt: light
💡 Exam tip: Light may be an adjective or a noun according to context.
kind[/kaɪnd/]adjmedium
Meaning: দয়ালু
Alt: সদয়
Example: The kind woman helped the child.
Syn: gentleAnt: unkind
💡 Exam tip: Kind can also be a noun meaning a type or sort.
4. Adverbs: Modifying Words (8 words)
quickly[/ˈkwɪkli/]adveasy
Meaning: দ্রুতভাবে
Alt: তাড়াতাড়ি
Example: Rita quickly finished her homework.
Syn: rapidlyAnt: slowly
💡 Exam tip: An adverb often tells how an action happens.
carefully[/ˈkeəfəli/]adveasy
Meaning: সতর্কভাবে
Alt: সাবধানে
Example: She carefully opened the box.
Syn: cautiouslyAnt: carelessly
💡 Exam tip: Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives.
loudly[/ˈlaʊdli/]adveasy
Meaning: জোরে
Alt: উচ্চস্বরে
Example: The students read loudly.
Syn: noisilyAnt: quietly
💡 Exam tip: Loudly modifies the verb read, not the noun students.
yesterday[/ˈjestədeɪ/]adveasy
Meaning: গতকাল
Alt: গত দিনে
Example: We visited the museum yesterday.
Syn: the previous dayAnt: tomorrow
💡 Exam tip: Yesterday is an adverb of time.
here[/hɪər/]adveasy
Meaning: এখানে
Alt: এই স্থানে
Example: Please sit here.
Syn: in this placeAnt: there
💡 Exam tip: Here is an adverb of place.
always[/ˈɔːlweɪz/]adveasy
Meaning: সবসময়
Alt: সর্বদা
Example: She always obeys her parents.
Syn: everAnt: never
💡 Exam tip: Frequency adverbs usually come before the main verb.
very[/ˈveri/]adveasy
Meaning: অত্যন্ত
Alt: খুব
Example: The river is very wide.
Syn: extremelyAnt: slightly
💡 Exam tip: Very usually modifies an adjective or another adverb.
too[/tuː/]advmedium
Meaning: অতিরিক্তভাবে
Alt: এছাড়াও
Example: The tea is too hot to drink.
Syn: excessivelyAnt: sufficiently
💡 Exam tip: Too may mean excessively or also; context determines its meaning.
5. Pronouns and Possessives (8 words)
I[/aɪ/]pronouneasy
Meaning: আমি
Alt: বক্তা নিজে
Example: I read every evening.
Syn: myselfAnt: you
💡 Exam tip: I is always written with a capital letter.
he[/hiː/]pronouneasy
Meaning: সে, তিনি
Alt: পুরুষ ব্যক্তিকে বোঝায়
Example: He plays football well.
Syn: that manAnt: she
💡 Exam tip: He is a third-person singular masculine pronoun.
they[/ðeɪ/]pronouneasy
Meaning: তারা
Alt: সেগুলো
Example: They are going to school.
Syn: those peopleAnt: we
💡 Exam tip: They can refer to people or things in the plural.
it[/ɪt/]pronouneasy
Meaning: এটি
Alt: সেটি
Example: It is a red ball.
Syn: that thingAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: It commonly replaces a singular thing, animal, or idea.
who[/huː/]pronounmedium
Meaning: কে
Alt: যে ব্যক্তি
Example: Who is knocking at the door?
Syn: which personAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Who is used for people in questions and relative clauses.
whose[/huːz/]pronounmedium
Meaning: কার
Alt: যার
Example: Whose bag is this?
Syn: of whomAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Whose asks about possession; do not confuse it with who's.
his[/hɪz/]pronouneasy
Meaning: তার
Alt: পুরুষের মালিকানা বোঝায়
Example: This book is his.
Syn: belonging to himAnt: hers
💡 Exam tip: His can be used before a noun or independently after a verb.
our[/aʊər/]pronounmedium
Meaning: আমাদের
Alt: আমাদের মালিকানাধীন
Example: Our school is near the river.
Syn: belonging to usAnt: their
💡 Exam tip: Our must be followed by a noun; ours is used without a noun.
6. Prepositions, Conjunctions and Interjections (8 words)
in[/ɪn/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: মধ্যে
Alt: ভিতরে
Example: The keys are in the drawer.
Syn: insideAnt: out of
💡 Exam tip: In can show place, time, or condition.
on[/ɒn/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: উপর
Alt: চালু অবস্থায়
Example: The book is on the table.
Syn: aboveAnt: under
💡 Exam tip: On usually shows contact with a surface or a particular day.
before[/bɪˈfɔːr/]prepositionmedium
Meaning: আগে
Alt: পূর্বে
Example: Wash your hands before dinner.
Syn: prior toAnt: after
💡 Exam tip: Before can function as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb.
between[/bɪˈtwiːn/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: মধ্যে
Alt: দুইয়ের মাঝখানে
Example: The school is between two markets.
Syn: amidAnt: outside
💡 Exam tip: Between is commonly used for two persons or things.
and[/ænd/]conjunctioneasy
Meaning: এবং
Alt: আর
Example: Rafi and Sami are friends.
Syn: along withAnt: or
💡 Exam tip: And joins words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance.
but[/bʌt/]conjunctioneasy
Meaning: কিন্তু
Alt: তবে
Example: He is poor but honest.
Syn: howeverAnt: and
💡 Exam tip: But shows contrast between ideas.
because[/bɪˈkɒz/]conjunctioneasy
Meaning: কারণ
Alt: যেহেতু
Example: We stayed home because it was raining.
Syn: asAnt: therefore
💡 Exam tip: Because introduces a reason or dependent clause.
hurrah[/hʊˈrɑː/]interjectioneasy
Meaning: সাবাশ
Alt: আনন্দের উচ্ছ্বাস
Example: Hurrah! Our team has won.
Syn: hoorayAnt: alas
💡 Exam tip: An interjection expresses sudden feeling and is often followed by an exclamation mark.
💡 Exam Tips
• Classify a word by its function in the sentence, not only by its dictionary meaning.
• A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
• A verb shows an action or state of being and is necessary for a complete sentence.
• An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun, while an adverb usually modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
• Check whether a word is being used as a noun or as another part of speech in the given sentence.
• A preposition is followed by a noun or pronoun and shows a relationship of place, time, direction, or manner.
• A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses; and adds information, but shows contrast, and because gives a reason.
• An interjection expresses sudden emotion and is generally followed by an exclamation mark.
• Do not call a phrase a sentence unless it expresses a complete thought and contains the necessary subject and verb.
• In identification questions, read the whole sentence carefully before selecting the part of speech.
• Remember that before, after, light, and kind may belong to different parts of speech in different contexts.
• For error correction, first locate the subject and main verb, then check the modifiers and connectors.