Chapter: The Garden
📚 Vocabulary
ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
garden — বাগানseed — বীজplant — রোপণ করা; উদ্ভিদgrow — বেড়ে ওঠাground — মাটি বা ভূমিshout — চিৎকার করাdark — অন্ধকারafraid — ভীতhard work — কঠিন পরিশ্রমfall asleep — ঘুমিয়ে পড়াwake up — জেগে ওঠা বা জাগানোleave alone — বিরক্ত না করাat last — অবশেষেanymore — আর নয়punctuation mark — যতিচিহ্নfull stop — দাঁড়ি বা পূর্ণচ্ছেদcomma — কমাquestion mark — প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্নexclamation mark — বিস্ময়বোধক চিহ্নquotation mark — উদ্ধৃতিচিহ্ন
📃 Word Formation Rules
► plant + ed = planted: regular past tense and past participle
► grow + ing = growing: present participle or gerund
► tire + ed = tired: adjective formed by adding -ed
► afraid: adjective meaning ভীত; use afraid of + noun or gerund
► story → stories: change consonant y to ies in the plural form
► poem + s = poems: regular plural formation
► garden + er = gardener: noun formed by adding -er to a verb or base word
► complete + ly = completely: adverb formed by adding -ly
► identify + cation = identification: noun formed from the verb identify
► happy → unhappy: opposite adjective formed with the prefix un-
1. Garden and Nature (8 words)
garden[/ˈɡɑːrdən/]nouneasy
Meaning: বাগান
Alt: a piece of land where flowers, plants or vegetables are grown
Example: Frog was in his garden.
Syn: yard, groundsAnt: wilderness
💡 Exam tip: Garden is a countable noun: a garden, two gardens.
flower[/ˈflaʊər/]nouneasy
Meaning: ফুল
Alt: the colourful part of a plant
Example: Toad wanted to grow flowers in his garden.
Syn: blossom, bloomAnt: weed
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is flowers.
seed[/siːd/]nouneasy
Meaning: বীজ
Alt: the part of a plant from which a new plant grows
Example: Frog gave Toad some flower seeds.
Syn: grain, kernelAnt: plant
💡 Exam tip: Seed means বীজ; seeds is its plural form.
plant[/plɑːnt/]nouneasy
Meaning: উদ্ভিদ বা গাছ
Alt: a living thing that grows in soil
Example: Little green plants grew out of the ground.
Syn: vegetation, herbAnt: animal
💡 Exam tip: Plant can be both a noun and a verb.
ground[/ɡraʊnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: মাটি বা ভূমি
Alt: the surface of the earth
Example: Toad planted the seeds in the ground.
Syn: earth, soilAnt: sky
💡 Exam tip: In the phrase in the ground, ground means মাটির মধ্যে.
soil[/sɔɪl/]nounmedium
Meaning: মাটি
Alt: the upper layer of earth in which plants grow
Example: Good soil helps plants grow well.
Syn: earth, landAnt: rock
💡 Exam tip: Soil is usually uncountable when it means মাটি.
green[/ɡriːn/]adjeasy
Meaning: সবুজ
Alt: having the colour of grass or leaves
Example: Little green plants were growing.
Syn: leafy, verdantAnt: dry, withered
💡 Exam tip: Green is an adjective before a noun: green plants.
grow[/ɡrəʊ/]verbeasy
Meaning: বেড়ে ওঠা বা জন্মানো
Alt: to develop from a seed into a plant
Example: The seeds will soon start to grow.
Syn: develop, sproutAnt: wither, die
💡 Exam tip: After to, use the base form: to grow.
2. Actions in the Story (8 words)
plant[/plɑːnt/]verbeasy
Meaning: রোপণ করা
Alt: to put a seed or plant in the ground
Example: Toad planted the flower seeds.
Syn: sow, putAnt: uproot, remove
💡 Exam tip: Past form and past participle: planted.
walk[/wɔːk/]verbeasy
Meaning: হাঁটা
Alt: to move on foot
Example: Toad walked up and down the garden.
Syn: stroll, marchAnt: run, stop
💡 Exam tip: The past form is walked.
shout[/ʃaʊt/]verbeasy
Meaning: চিৎকার করা
Alt: to speak very loudly
Example: Toad shouted at the seeds.
Syn: yell, cryAnt: whisper, murmur
💡 Exam tip: Shout can be followed by at: shout at someone.
cry[/kraɪ/]verbmedium
Meaning: কাঁদা বা চিৎকার করা
Alt: to produce tears or call out loudly
Example: Toad cried, “What shall I do?”
Syn: weep, callAnt: laugh, smile
💡 Exam tip: The past form is cried, not cryed.
look[/lʊk/]verbeasy
Meaning: তাকানো বা দেখা
Alt: to direct one's eyes towards something
Example: Toad looked at his garden.
Syn: see, watchAnt: ignore, overlook
💡 Exam tip: Use look at when directing the eyes towards something.
read[/riːd/]verbmedium
Meaning: পড়া
Alt: to understand written words
Example: Toad read a long story to his seeds.
Syn: study, peruseAnt: ignore
💡 Exam tip: The past form is read, pronounced /red/.
sing[/sɪŋ/]verbmedium
Meaning: গান গাওয়া
Alt: to produce musical sounds with the voice
Example: Toad sang songs to his seeds.
Syn: chant, warbleAnt: be silent
💡 Exam tip: The past form is sang and the past participle is sung.
fall[/fɔːl/]verbmedium
Meaning: পড়ে যাওয়া
Alt: to move downwards accidentally
Example: Toad fell asleep after becoming tired.
Syn: drop, tumbleAnt: rise, stand
💡 Exam tip: The past form is fell; the past participle is fallen.
3. Weather and Growth (8 words)
sun[/sʌn/]nouneasy
Meaning: সূর্য
Alt: the star that gives light and heat to the earth
Example: Let the sun shine on the seeds.
Syn: sunshine, daystarAnt: moon
💡 Exam tip: Sun is a common noun; write Sun with a capital letter in scientific or poetic contexts only when required.
shine[/ʃaɪn/]verbmedium
Meaning: আলো দেওয়া বা জ্বলা
Alt: to give out light
Example: The sun shines brightly in the sky.
Syn: glow, gleamAnt: darken, fade
💡 Exam tip: The past form can be shone or shined; shone is common for light.
rain[/reɪn/]nouneasy
Meaning: বৃষ্টি
Alt: water that falls from clouds
Example: The rain helped the seeds to grow.
Syn: shower, drizzleAnt: drought, dryness
💡 Exam tip: Rain is generally an uncountable noun.
dark[/dɑːrk/]adjeasy
Meaning: অন্ধকার
Alt: having little or no light
Example: Toad thought that the seeds were afraid of the dark.
Syn: dim, gloomyAnt: bright, light
💡 Exam tip: The dark is a noun phrase meaning অন্ধকার.
light[/laɪt/]nouneasy
Meaning: আলো
Alt: the brightness that makes things visible
Example: Plants need light to grow.
Syn: brightness, illuminationAnt: darkness, shadow
💡 Exam tip: Light may also mean not heavy; check the context.
afraid[/əˈfreɪd/]adjeasy
Meaning: ভীত বা ভয় পাওয়া
Alt: feeling fear
Example: The seeds were not afraid anymore.
Syn: frightened, scaredAnt: brave, fearless
💡 Exam tip: Use afraid of before a noun or gerund: afraid of the dark.
shine[/ʃaɪn/]verbmedium
Meaning: কিরণ দেওয়া
Alt: to send light onto something
Example: The sun shone on the garden.
Syn: illuminate, lightAnt: shade, darken
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse shine with sign; their meanings and spellings differ.
sprout[/spraʊt/]verbmedium
Meaning: অঙ্কুরিত হওয়া
Alt: to begin to grow from a seed
Example: The seeds sprouted after several days.
Syn: germinate, growAnt: wither, decay
💡 Exam tip: Sprout is often used for new plants or shoots.
4. Feelings and Conditions (8 words)
fine[/faɪn/]adjeasy
Meaning: চমৎকার বা ভালো
Alt: excellent or satisfactory
Example: What a fine garden you have!
Syn: good, excellentAnt: bad, poor
💡 Exam tip: Fine can also mean a monetary penalty, depending on context.
nice[/naɪs/]adjeasy
Meaning: সুন্দর বা মনোরম
Alt: pleasant or attractive
Example: You will have a nice garden too.
Syn: pleasant, lovelyAnt: unpleasant, ugly
💡 Exam tip: Nice is commonly used before a noun: a nice garden.
hard[/hɑːrd/]adjeasy
Meaning: কঠিন
Alt: requiring much effort
Example: Making a garden was hard work.
Syn: difficult, toughAnt: easy, simple
💡 Exam tip: Hard work means difficult or tiring work.
tired[/ˈtaɪərd/]adjeasy
Meaning: ক্লান্ত
Alt: needing rest because of work or activity
Example: Toad became very tired.
Syn: weary, exhaustedAnt: fresh, energetic
💡 Exam tip: Tired is formed from tire + ed.
sleep[/sliːp/]verbeasy
Meaning: ঘুমানো
Alt: to rest with the eyes closed
Example: Toad fell asleep in the garden.
Syn: rest, dozeAnt: wake, awaken
💡 Exam tip: The phrase fall asleep means ঘুমিয়ে পড়া.
wake[/weɪk/]verbeasy
Meaning: জাগানো বা জাগা
Alt: to stop sleeping or cause someone to stop sleeping
Example: Frog asked Toad to wake up.
Syn: awaken, rouseAnt: sleep, doze
💡 Exam tip: Wake up is a common phrasal verb.
surprise[/səˈpraɪz/]nounmedium
Meaning: বিস্ময়
Alt: an unexpected event or feeling
Example: Toad was surprised to see the plants.
Syn: astonishment, wonderAnt: expectation, certainty
💡 Exam tip: Surprise is related to the adjective surprised.
poor[/pʊər/]adjmedium
Meaning: অসহায় বা করুণ
Alt: deserving sympathy or pity
Example: These poor seeds are afraid to grow.
Syn: unfortunate, helplessAnt: fortunate, rich
💡 Exam tip: Here poor does not mean দরিদ্র; it means unfortunate or helpless.
5. Communication and Literature (8 words)
say[/seɪ/]verbeasy
Meaning: বলা
Alt: to speak words
Example: Frog said that the garden was nice.
Syn: speak, tellAnt: keep silent
💡 Exam tip: The past form is said, pronounced /sed/.
ask[/ɑːsk/]verbeasy
Meaning: জিজ্ঞাসা করা
Alt: to put a question to someone
Example: How soon? asked Toad.
Syn: question, inquireAnt: answer
💡 Exam tip: Ask a question and ask someone to do something are common patterns.
tell[/tel/]verbeasy
Meaning: বলা বা জানানো
Alt: to give information to someone
Example: Frog told Toad to leave the seeds alone.
Syn: inform, relateAnt: hide, conceal
💡 Exam tip: Use tell with an object: tell me, tell him.
story[/ˈstɔːri/]nouneasy
Meaning: গল্প
Alt: a narration of events
Example: Toad read a long story to his seeds.
Syn: tale, narrativeAnt: fact
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is stories, changing y to ies.
song[/sɔːŋ/]nouneasy
Meaning: গান
Alt: a piece of music sung by a person
Example: Toad sang songs to his seeds.
Syn: tune, balladAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Song is a countable noun: a song, many songs.
poem[/ˈpəʊɪm/]nouneasy
Meaning: কবিতা
Alt: a piece of writing in verse
Example: Toad read poems to his seeds.
Syn: verse, rhymeAnt: prose
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is poems.
music[/ˈmjuːzɪk/]nouneasy
Meaning: সংগীত
Alt: sounds arranged to create beauty or expression
Example: Toad played music for his seeds.
Syn: melody, tuneAnt: noise, silence
💡 Exam tip: Music is generally an uncountable noun.
quotation[/kwəʊˈteɪʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: উদ্ধৃতি বা কারও বলা কথা
Alt: the exact words spoken or written by someone
Example: Quotation marks show the exact words of a speaker.
Syn: extract, citationAnt: paraphrase
💡 Exam tip: Direct speech is usually placed inside quotation marks.
6. Punctuation and Exam Words (8 words)
punctuation[/ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: যতিচিহ্নের ব্যবহার
Alt: the system of marks used to separate written sentences and phrases
Example: Punctuation helps us understand a written passage.
Syn: marking, notationAnt: unmarked writing
💡 Exam tip: Punctuation is usually an uncountable noun.
sentence[/ˈsentəns/]nouneasy
Meaning: বাক্য
Alt: a group of words expressing a complete idea
Example: A full stop shows that a sentence has ended.
Syn: statement, expressionAnt: fragment
💡 Exam tip: Begin an English sentence with a capital letter.
comma[/ˈkɒmə/]nouneasy
Meaning: কমা
Alt: a punctuation mark showing a short pause
Example: Use a comma to show a short pause.
Syn: pause markAnt: full stop
💡 Exam tip: The symbol for comma is ,
question[/ˈkwestʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: প্রশ্ন
Alt: a sentence used to ask for information
Example: How soon? is a question.
Syn: query, inquiryAnt: answer
💡 Exam tip: A question usually ends with a question mark.
exclamation[/ˌekskləˈmeɪʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: বিস্ময়সূচক উক্তি
Alt: a sudden expression of strong feeling
Example: What a fine garden you have! is an exclamation.
Syn: outcry, cryAnt: calm statement
💡 Exam tip: An exclamation mark is used to show excitement or surprise.
mark[/mɑːrk/]nouneasy
Meaning: চিহ্ন
Alt: a written symbol used for a particular purpose
Example: A full stop is a punctuation mark.
Syn: symbol, signAnt: blank
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse a punctuation mark with an examination mark.
complete[/kəmˈpliːt/]adjmedium
Meaning: সম্পূর্ণ
Alt: having all necessary parts
Example: A complete sentence expresses a full idea.
Syn: whole, finishedAnt: incomplete, unfinished
💡 Exam tip: The opposite of complete is incomplete, formed with the prefix in-.
identify[/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/]verbhard
Meaning: শনাক্ত করা বা চিহ্নিত করা
Alt: to recognize or name someone or something
Example: Identify the punctuation marks in the story.
Syn: recognize, nameAnt: misidentify, overlook
💡 Exam tip: The noun form is identification.
💡 Exam Tips
• For the comprehension question, remember that the first thing Toad did was plant the seeds.
• Learn both meanings of plant: it is a noun meaning উদ্ভিদ and a verb meaning রোপণ করা.
• Remember the story sequence: Frog gave seeds, Toad planted them, he shouted, waited, read, sang, slept, and finally saw plants.
• Use the correct prepositions: plant seeds in the ground, shine on the seeds, look at the garden, and afraid of the dark.
• Use a full stop at the end of a statement, a question mark after a question, and an exclamation mark after a strong feeling.
• Use quotation marks around the exact words spoken by a character.
• Start every sentence and every proper name with a capital letter.
• In matching questions, remember the common pairs: plant seeds, play music, read stories, and hard work.
• Do not confuse said with say: said is the past form of say.
• Do not confuse read in the present tense /riːd/ with read in the past tense /red/.
• Use the past forms planted, walked, shouted, cried, sang, read, fell, and became correctly.
• For vocabulary questions, write the Bengali meaning, part of speech, synonym, and antonym when required.