Chapter: Are you listening?-3
📚 Vocabulary
ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
hophoperobrobenotnoterodrodebowlboatcokecoatbonephonethrowsnowwindowbookstorestationerytableboxbiscuitkettlestovewaitleavethinkgetforgetclosereturnbeforeafternextnearhomehalfhourpronouncepronunciationsoundvowelstressintonationpassagepractise
📃 Word Formation Rules
► Adding the suffix ‘-tion’ to some verbs forms nouns: pronounce → pronunciation.
► The compound noun ‘bookstore’ is formed from book + store.
► The compound noun ‘stationery’ refers collectively to writing materials such as paper and pens.
► The past form of ‘ride’ is the irregular verb ‘rode’.
► The plural of ‘box’ is formed by adding ‘-es’: box → boxes.
► The plural of ‘half’ changes ‘f’ to ‘v’ and adds ‘-es’: half → halves.
► The noun ‘practice’ and the verb ‘practise’ are distinguished in British English.
► The final silent ‘e’ changes the vowel sound in pairs such as hop → hope, rob → robe, not → note and rod → rode.
1. Vowel Sound Pairs (8 words)
hop[/hɒp/]verbeasy
Meaning: লাফ দেওয়া
Alt: এক পায়ে লাফানো
Example: The rabbit can hop quickly.
Syn: jumpAnt: stand
💡 Exam tip: ‘hop’ has a short /ɒ/ sound; compare it with ‘hope’.
hope[/həʊp/]verbeasy
Meaning: আশা করা
Alt: আশা বা প্রত্যাশা
Example: I hope you will come tomorrow.
Syn: expect, wishAnt: despair
💡 Exam tip: ‘hope’ has the long vowel sound /əʊ/.
rob[/rɒb/]verbeasy
Meaning: ছিনতাই করা
Alt: চুরি করা
Example: The thief tried to rob the shop.
Syn: stealAnt: return
💡 Exam tip: Compare the short sound in ‘rob’ with the long sound in ‘robe’.
robe[/rəʊb/]nounmedium
Meaning: আলখাল্লা বা ঢিলেঢালা পোশাক
Alt: বিশেষ পোশাক
Example: The king wore a long robe.
Syn: gown
💡 Exam tip: The final ‘e’ changes the vowel sound in ‘robe’.
not[/nɒt/]adveasy
Meaning: না
Alt: নেতিবাচক অর্থ প্রকাশকারী শব্দ
Example: This is not my book.
Syn: neverAnt: yes
💡 Exam tip: ‘not’ has a short vowel sound.
note[/nəʊt/]nouneasy
Meaning: নোট বা ছোট বার্তা
Alt: লিখিত মন্তব্য
Example: She left a note on the table.
Syn: message, remark
💡 Exam tip: ‘note’ may mean a short written message or a musical sound.
rod[/rɒd/]nounmedium
Meaning: দণ্ড বা লাঠি
Alt: সরু ধাতব দণ্ড
Example: The worker used an iron rod.
Syn: stick, bar
💡 Exam tip: Distinguish ‘rod’ from ‘rode’ by pronunciation and meaning.
rode[/rəʊd/]verbmedium
Meaning: চড়েছিল
Alt: ‘ride’-এর অতীত রূপ
Example: He rode a bicycle to school.
Syn: travelledAnt: walked
💡 Exam tip: ‘rode’ is the past form of ‘ride’ and has the /əʊ/ sound.
2. Words with the /əʊ/ Sound (8 words)
bowl[/bəʊl/]nouneasy
Meaning: বাটি
Alt: একটি পাত্র
Example: Put the fruit in the bowl.
Syn: dish
💡 Exam tip: Learn ‘bowl’ with ‘boat’ as a similar vowel-sound word.
boat[/bəʊt/]nouneasy
Meaning: নৌকা
Alt: জলে চলাচলকারী যান
Example: The boat is sailing on the river.
Syn: vessel
💡 Exam tip: The letters ‘oa’ often produce the /əʊ/ sound.
coke[/kəʊk/]nouneasy
Meaning: কোকাকোলা বা কোমল পানীয়
Alt: এক ধরনের কার্বনেটেড পানীয়
Example: He ordered a can of coke.
Syn: soft drink
💡 Exam tip: ‘coke’ ends with a silent ‘e’.
coat[/kəʊt/]nouneasy
Meaning: কোট
Alt: গরম পোশাক
Example: He put on his coat in winter.
Syn: jacket
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse ‘coat’ with ‘coke’; their spellings and meanings differ.
bone[/bəʊn/]nouneasy
Meaning: হাড়
Alt: কঙ্কালের শক্ত অংশ
Example: The dog has a bone.
Syn: skeleton part
💡 Exam tip: ‘bone’ has a silent final ‘e’.
phone[/fəʊn/]nouneasy
Meaning: টেলিফোন বা মুঠোফোন
Alt: যোগাযোগের যন্ত্র
Example: Please answer the phone.
Syn: telephone, mobile
💡 Exam tip: ‘ph’ in ‘phone’ sounds like /f/.
throw[/θrəʊ/]verbmedium
Meaning: ছুড়ে ফেলা
Alt: নিক্ষেপ করা
Example: Do not throw stones at birds.
Syn: toss, hurlAnt: catch
💡 Exam tip: ‘throw’ begins with the voiceless /θ/ sound.
snow[/snəʊ/]nouneasy
Meaning: তুষার
Alt: বরফের মতো সাদা বৃষ্টিপাত
Example: Snow covered the mountain.
Syn: snowfall
💡 Exam tip: The letters ‘ow’ in ‘snow’ sound like /əʊ/.
3. Everyday Objects (8 words)
window[/ˈwɪndəʊ/]nouneasy
Meaning: জানালা
Alt: আলো-বাতাস প্রবেশের স্থান
Example: Please close the window.
Syn: opening
💡 Exam tip: The stress in ‘window’ is on the first syllable.
bookstore[/ˈbʊkstɔːr/]nouneasy
Meaning: বইয়ের দোকান
Alt: যেখানে বই বিক্রি হয়
Example: I bought a dictionary from the bookstore.
Syn: bookshop
💡 Exam tip: ‘Bookstore’ is a compound noun: book + store.
stationery[/ˈsteɪʃənəri/]nounhard
Meaning: লেখার সামগ্রী
Alt: কলম, কাগজ ও খাতা
Example: I need some stationery for school.
Syn: writing materials
💡 Exam tip: ‘Stationery’ means writing materials; ‘stationary’ means not moving.
table[/ˈteɪbəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: টেবিল
Alt: জিনিস রাখার আসবাব
Example: The books are on the table.
Syn: desk
💡 Exam tip: Use ‘on the table’ for something placed on its surface.
box[/bɒks/]nouneasy
Meaning: বাক্স
Alt: জিনিস রাখার পাত্র
Example: There is a box near the bed.
Syn: container, case
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is ‘boxes’, not ‘boxs’.
biscuit[/ˈbɪskɪt/]nouneasy
Meaning: বিস্কুট
Alt: ময়দা দিয়ে তৈরি শুকনো খাবার
Example: She ate a biscuit with tea.
Syn: cookie
💡 Exam tip: The ‘c’ in ‘biscuit’ is pronounced /s/.
kettle[/ˈketəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: কেটলি
Alt: পানি ফুটানোর পাত্র
Example: The kettle is on the stove.
Syn: boiler
💡 Exam tip: Remember the spelling: kettle has double ‘t’.
stove[/stəʊv/]nouneasy
Meaning: চুলা
Alt: রান্নার যন্ত্র
Example: The kettle is on the stove.
Syn: cooker, range
💡 Exam tip: ‘Stove’ contains the /əʊ/ sound.
4. Actions and Instructions (8 words)
wait[/weɪt/]verbeasy
Meaning: অপেক্ষা করা
Alt: কোনো কিছুর জন্য স্থির থাকা
Example: I will wait for my friend.
Syn: stay, remainAnt: hurry
💡 Exam tip: Use ‘wait for’ before a person or thing.
leave[/liːv/]verbeasy
Meaning: চলে যাওয়া
Alt: কোনো স্থান ত্যাগ করা
Example: I will leave home at eight.
Syn: depart, goAnt: arrive
💡 Exam tip: ‘Leave’ can also mean to put or keep something somewhere.
think[/θɪŋk/]verbeasy
Meaning: ভাবা
Alt: মতামত করা
Example: I think the answer is correct.
Syn: consider, believeAnt: ignore
💡 Exam tip: The past form of ‘think’ is ‘thought’.
go[/ɡəʊ/]verbeasy
Meaning: যাওয়া
Alt: এক স্থান থেকে অন্য স্থানে যাওয়া
Example: Let us go to the bookstore.
Syn: move, travelAnt: come
💡 Exam tip: The past form of ‘go’ is irregular: ‘went’.
get[/ɡet/]verbeasy
Meaning: পাওয়া বা সংগ্রহ করা
Alt: কোনো কিছু আনা
Example: I will get some stationery.
Syn: obtain, receiveAnt: lose
💡 Exam tip: ‘Get’ has several meanings; identify its meaning from context.
forget[/fəˈɡet/]verbeasy
Meaning: ভুলে যাওয়া
Alt: মনে না থাকা
Example: Do not forget to close the box.
Syn: overlookAnt: remember
💡 Exam tip: ‘Forget to + verb’ means fail to remember an action.
close[/kləʊz/]verbeasy
Meaning: বন্ধ করা
Alt: ঢেকে দেওয়া
Example: Please close the lid tightly.
Syn: shut, sealAnt: open
💡 Exam tip: As a verb, ‘close’ is pronounced /kləʊz/.
return[/rɪˈtɜːrn/]verbmedium
Meaning: ফিরে আসা
Alt: ফেরত দেওয়া
Example: I will return in half an hour.
Syn: come back, restoreAnt: leave
💡 Exam tip: ‘Return’ may be followed by ‘to’ when mentioning a place.
5. Time and Place Expressions (8 words)
before[/bɪˈfɔːr/]adveasy
Meaning: আগে
Alt: পূর্বে
Example: Wash your hands before eating.
Syn: earlierAnt: after
💡 Exam tip: ‘Before’ can work as a preposition, conjunction, or adverb.
after[/ˈɑːftər/]adveasy
Meaning: পরে
Alt: পরবর্তী সময়ে
Example: We went home after school.
Syn: laterAnt: before
💡 Exam tip: Use ‘after’ to show a later time or event.
next[/nekst/]adjeasy
Meaning: পরবর্তী
Alt: কাছাকাছি বা পরের
Example: The next lesson is about sounds.
Syn: following, comingAnt: previous
💡 Exam tip: ‘Next’ is often used before a singular noun.
near[/nɪər/]adveasy
Meaning: কাছে
Alt: অল্প দূরত্বে
Example: The box is near the bed.
Syn: close, nearbyAnt: far
💡 Exam tip: ‘Near’ and ‘nearly’ have different meanings; ‘nearly’ means almost.
there[/ðeər/]adveasy
Meaning: সেখানে
Alt: ওই স্থানে
Example: Your bag is over there.
Syn: in that placeAnt: here
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse ‘there’ with ‘their’ or ‘they’re’.
home[/həʊm/]nouneasy
Meaning: বাড়ি
Alt: যে স্থানে কেউ বাস করে
Example: She went home early.
Syn: house, residence
💡 Exam tip: We usually say ‘go home’, not ‘go to home’.
half[/hɑːf/]nouneasy
Meaning: অর্ধেক
Alt: দুই সমান অংশের একটি
Example: I will be back in half an hour.
Syn: one-halfAnt: whole
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is ‘halves’.
hour[/aʊər/]nouneasy
Meaning: ঘণ্টা
Alt: ষাট মিনিটের সময়
Example: The class lasts one hour.
Syn: sixty minutes
💡 Exam tip: The ‘h’ in ‘hour’ is silent; use ‘an hour’.
6. Reading, Speaking and Pronunciation (8 words)
pronounce[/prəˈnaʊns/]verbmedium
Meaning: উচ্চারণ করা
Alt: শব্দের ধ্বনি বলা
Example: Please pronounce the word clearly.
Syn: articulate, sayAnt: mumble
💡 Exam tip: The noun is ‘pronunciation’, not ‘pronounciation’.
pronunciation[/prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: উচ্চারণ
Alt: কোনো শব্দ বলার পদ্ধতি
Example: Her pronunciation is very clear.
Syn: articulation, speech
💡 Exam tip: Stress falls on the fourth syllable: pronun-ci-a-TION.
sound[/saʊnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: ধ্বনি
Alt: শ্রুত শব্দ
Example: The letter ‘o’ has different sounds.
Syn: noise, toneAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: A sound may be a vowel sound or a consonant sound.
vowel[/ˈvaʊəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: স্বরবর্ণ
Alt: a, e, i, o, u-এর মতো বর্ণ
Example: ‘O’ is a vowel.
Syn: vowel letterAnt: consonant
💡 Exam tip: The five main English vowels are a, e, i, o and u.
stress[/stres/]nounmedium
Meaning: শব্দের জোর
Alt: কোনো syllable-এ বেশি জোর
Example: Put stress on the first syllable.
Syn: emphasisAnt: weakness
💡 Exam tip: Word stress can change the natural pronunciation of a word.
intonation[/ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: স্বরভঙ্গি
Alt: কথার ওঠানামা
Example: Good intonation makes speech natural.
Syn: voice modulationAnt: monotone
💡 Exam tip: Questions and statements often have different intonation patterns.
passage[/ˈpæsɪdʒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: অনুচ্ছেদ বা পাঠাংশ
Alt: লিখিত অংশ
Example: Read the passage carefully.
Syn: text, extract
💡 Exam tip: Read the whole passage before answering fill-in-the-blank questions.
practise[/ˈpræktɪs/]verbmedium
Meaning: অনুশীলন করা
Alt: দক্ষতার জন্য বারবার করা
Example: Practise saying the words aloud.
Syn: train, rehearseAnt: neglect
💡 Exam tip: In British English, ‘practise’ is the verb and ‘practice’ is the noun.
💡 Exam Tips
• Read each word pair aloud and identify the short /ɒ/ sound and the long /əʊ/ sound.
• Remember that a final silent ‘e’ often changes a short vowel sound into a long vowel sound.
• Learn the meanings and spellings of commonly confused pairs such as stationery and stationary, there and their, and practise and practice.
• In fill-in-the-blank questions, use the meaning of the whole sentence to select the correct word.
• Use ‘an’ before ‘hour’ because the ‘h’ is silent.
• Use ‘wait for’ before a person or thing: ‘I waited for Shila.’
• Use ‘forget to + verb’ for an action that should not be omitted: ‘Do not forget to close the lid.’
• When reading aloud, pay attention to pronunciation, word stress and sentence intonation.