ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six - Wonders of the world-2 - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Wonders of the world-2

📚 Vocabulary

ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

wonder — বিস্ময়awesome — অসাধারণfabulous — চমৎকারunbelievable — অবিশ্বাস্যtremendous — বিরাটinvention — আবিষ্কারconstruction — নির্মাণlifestyle — জীবনধারাsphere — ক্ষেত্রcommunication — যোগাযোগinformation — তথ্যaccess — ব্যবহারের সুযোগlonely — একাকীimpact — প্রভাবinfluence — প্রভাবbenefit — উপকার করাavoid — এড়িয়ে চলাaeroplane — বিমানspacecraft — মহাকাশযানplanet — গ্রহexplore — অন্বেষণ করাastronaut — মহাকাশচারীadvancement — অগ্রগতিgalaxy — ছায়াপথhandy — সুবিধাজনকconnect — সংযুক্ত করাfunction — কার্যphotograph — আলোকচিত্রstore — সংরক্ষণ করাdistance learning — দূরশিক্ষাfar-off — দূরবর্তীface to face — সামনাসামনিat present — বর্তমানেno doubt — নিঃসন্দেহেset foot on — পা রাখা

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add the prefix un- to a positive adjective to form its opposite: believable → unbelievable.

► Add the suffix -tion to some verbs to form nouns: invent → invention; construct → construction; communicate → communication.

► Add the suffix -ment to verbs to form nouns: advance → advancement; develop → development.

► Add the suffix -ful to nouns to form adjectives meaning ‘full of’: wonder → wonderful; use → useful.

► Add the suffix -less to nouns to form adjectives meaning ‘without’: use → useless; hope → hopeless.

► Change a consonant and add -ly to form an adverb: daily is related to day.

► For comparative adjectives ending in consonant + y, change y to i and add -er: easy → easier; handy → handier.

► For plural nouns ending in consonant + y, change y to i and add -es: galaxy → galaxies.

1. Wonders and Descriptions (8 words)

wonder[/ˈwʌndə(r)/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিস্ময়; আশ্চর্য বিষয়

Alt: বিস্ময়ের অনুভূতি

Example: The computer is a wonder of the modern world.

Syn: marvel, miracleAnt: ordinary thing

💡 Exam tip: Wonder as a noun means ‘বিস্ময়’; as a verb it means ‘আশ্চর্য হওয়া’.

awesome[/ˈɔːsəm/]adjmedium

Meaning: অসাধারণ; বিস্ময়কর

Alt: ভয় জাগায় এমন

Example: The view of the Earth from space is awesome.

Syn: amazing, wonderfulAnt: ordinary, unimpressive

💡 Exam tip: Use awesome before a noun or after a linking verb.

fabulous[/ˈfæbjələs/]adjmedium

Meaning: অসাধারণ; চমৎকার

Alt: কাল্পনিক বা অবাস্তব

Example: The students read a fabulous story about space travel.

Syn: excellent, marvellousAnt: terrible, ordinary

💡 Exam tip: Fabulous is a positive adjective similar to wonderful.

unbelievable[/ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl/]adjeasy

Meaning: অবিশ্বাস্য

Alt: বিশ্বাস করা কঠিন

Example: It is unbelievable that humans have reached the moon.

Syn: incredible, impossibleAnt: believable, credible

💡 Exam tip: The prefix un- changes believable into its opposite.

tremendous[/trɪˈmendəs/]adjhard

Meaning: প্রচণ্ড বড় বা শক্তিশালী; বিরাট

Alt: অত্যন্ত ভালো

Example: The computer has brought tremendous changes to our lives.

Syn: enormous, immenseAnt: tiny, small

💡 Exam tip: Tremendous is often used before change, success, pressure or impact.

recent[/ˈriːsnt/]adjeasy

Meaning: সাম্প্রতিক

Alt: অল্প কিছুদিন আগের

Example: Computers and mobile phones are recent inventions.

Syn: new, latestAnt: old, ancient

💡 Exam tip: Recent is an adjective; recently is its adverb form.

invention[/ɪnˈvenʃn/]nouneasy

Meaning: আবিষ্কার

Alt: নতুন কিছু উদ্ভাবনের কাজ

Example: The invention of the computer changed human life.

Syn: discovery, creationAnt: destruction

💡 Exam tip: The verb form is invent and the person form is inventor.

construction[/kənˈstrʌkʃn/]nounmedium

Meaning: নির্মাণ; স্থাপনা

Alt: নির্মাণকাজ

Example: The ancient wonders were huge buildings and constructions.

Syn: building, structureAnt: demolition, destruction

💡 Exam tip: Construction is formed from the verb construct.

2. Computers and Daily Life (8 words)

computer[/kəmˈpjuːtə(r)/]nouneasy

Meaning: কম্পিউটার

Alt: তথ্য প্রক্রিয়াজাতকারী ইলেকট্রনিক যন্ত্র

Example: We use a computer for study and communication.

Syn: device, machine

💡 Exam tip: Remember the spelling computer, not computar.

lifestyle[/ˈlaɪfstaɪl/]nounmedium

Meaning: জীবনযাপন পদ্ধতি

Alt: জীবনধারা

Example: The computer has changed our lifestyle.

Syn: way of life, 生活

💡 Exam tip: Lifestyle is generally written as one word.

sphere[/sfɪə(r)/]nounmedium

Meaning: ক্ষেত্র; পরিসর

Alt: গোলক

Example: Computers are used in every sphere of life.

Syn: area, field

💡 Exam tip: In this lesson, sphere means ‘ক্ষেত্র’, not a round object.

communication[/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/]nounmedium

Meaning: যোগাযোগ

Alt: ভাবের আদান-প্রদান

Example: Email is a quick means of communication.

Syn: contact, interactionAnt: silence, isolation

💡 Exam tip: The verb is communicate and the adjective is communicative.

information[/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/]nouneasy

Meaning: তথ্য

Alt: জ্ঞান বা সংবাদ

Example: We can get information from any part of the world.

Syn: knowledge, dataAnt: ignorance

💡 Exam tip: Information is an uncountable noun; do not write informations.

access[/ˈækses/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রবেশাধিকার; ব্যবহারের সুযোগ

Alt: প্রবেশের পথ

Example: Students have access to computers at school.

Syn: entry, admissionAnt: denial, restriction

💡 Exam tip: Have access to is a common exam phrase.

update[/ʌpˈdeɪt/]verbmedium

Meaning: সর্বশেষ তথ্য দিয়ে হালনাগাদ করা

Alt: সর্বশেষ খবর জানানো

Example: The internet helps us update our knowledge.

Syn: modernize, reviseAnt: outdate, ignore

💡 Exam tip: Updated is the adjective and update can also be a noun.

daily[/ˈdeɪli/]adjeasy

Meaning: দৈনন্দিন

Alt: প্রতিদিনের

Example: The computer has become a part of our daily life.

Syn: everyday, regularAnt: occasional, rare

💡 Exam tip: Daily can be both an adjective and an adverb.

3. Feelings and Effects (8 words)

lonely[/ˈləʊnli/]adjeasy

Meaning: একাকী; নিঃসঙ্গ

Alt: সঙ্গীহীন বোধ করে এমন

Example: Emails help people feel less lonely.

Syn: alone, isolatedAnt: accompanied, sociable

💡 Exam tip: Lonely describes a feeling, while alone describes a condition.

impact[/ˈɪmpækt/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রভাব

Alt: আঘাত

Example: The invention of the internet has a great impact on education.

Syn: effect, influenceAnt: insignificance

💡 Exam tip: Impact is usually followed by on when it means influence.

influence[/ˈɪnfluəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রভাব

Alt: প্রভাব বিস্তারের ক্ষমতা

Example: Technology has a strong influence on modern life.

Syn: impact, effectAnt: powerlessness

💡 Exam tip: Influence can be used as both a noun and a verb.

benefit[/ˈbenɪfɪt/]verbeasy

Meaning: উপকার করা

Alt: সুবিধা পাওয়া

Example: Mobile phones benefit people by making communication easy.

Syn: help, aidAnt: harm, damage

💡 Exam tip: Benefit from means ‘উপকার পাওয়া’.

surprise[/səˈpraɪz/]verbeasy

Meaning: বিস্মিত করা

Alt: অপ্রত্যাশিত ঘটনা

Example: The spacecraft surprised people around the world.

Syn: astonish, amazeAnt: expect, bore

💡 Exam tip: Surprised describes a person; surprising describes a thing.

avoid[/əˈvɔɪd/]verbmedium

Meaning: এড়িয়ে চলা

Alt: প্রতিরোধ করা

Example: Computers help some people avoid loneliness.

Syn: evade, escapeAnt: face, accept

💡 Exam tip: Avoid is followed by a noun or gerund, not an infinitive.

useful[/ˈjuːsfl/]adjeasy

Meaning: উপকারী; কার্যকর

Alt: ব্যবহারের উপযোগী

Example: A mobile phone is a useful invention.

Syn: helpful, practicalAnt: useless, harmful

💡 Exam tip: The noun is use or usefulness; the opposite is useless.

easier[/ˈiːziə(r)/]adjeasy

Meaning: আরও সহজ

Alt: কম কঠিন

Example: Computers have made people’s work easier.

Syn: simpler, less difficultAnt: harder, more difficult

💡 Exam tip: Easier is the comparative form of easy; change y to i before -er.

4. Space Travel and Exploration (8 words)

space travel[/speɪs ˈtrævl/]nounmedium

Meaning: মহাকাশ ভ্রমণ

Alt: মহাকাশে যাত্রা

Example: Space travel has enabled humans to explore new worlds.

Syn: spaceflight, cosmic travel

💡 Exam tip: Space travel is a compound noun and is usually uncountable.

aeroplane[/ˈeərəpleɪn/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিমান

Alt: উড়োজাহাজ

Example: The Wright brothers built the first successful aeroplane.

Syn: aircraft, plane

💡 Exam tip: Aeroplane is British English; airplane is the American form.

spacecraft[/ˈspeɪskrɑːft/]nounmedium

Meaning: মহাকাশযান

Alt: মহাকাশে ভ্রমণকারী যান

Example: The spacecraft travelled from one planet to another.

Syn: spaceship, space vehicle

💡 Exam tip: The plural of spacecraft can also be spacecraft.

planet[/ˈplænɪt/]nouneasy

Meaning: গ্রহ

Alt: নক্ষত্রকে প্রদক্ষিণকারী জ্যোতিষ্ক

Example: Mars is a planet in our solar system.

Syn: world, celestial body

💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse planet with plane, which means বিমান or সমতল.

explore[/ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/]verbmedium

Meaning: অন্বেষণ করা

Alt: অজানা স্থান পরীক্ষা করা

Example: Scientists explore distant planets and moons.

Syn: investigate, examineAnt: neglect, ignore

💡 Exam tip: The noun forms are exploration and explorer.

astronaut[/ˈæstrənɔːt/]nounmedium

Meaning: মহাকাশচারী

Alt: মহাকাশযানে ভ্রমণকারী ব্যক্তি

Example: The astronaut set foot on the moon.

Syn: space traveller, cosmonaut

💡 Exam tip: Astronaut means a person trained to travel in space.

advancement[/ədˈvɑːnsmənt/]nounhard

Meaning: অগ্রগতি

Alt: উন্নয়ন

Example: Advancements in technology have improved space travel.

Syn: progress, developmentAnt: decline, backwardness

💡 Exam tip: Advancement is formed from advance; use advancements for several developments.

galaxy[/ˈɡæləksi/]nounmedium

Meaning: ছায়াপথ; গ্যালাক্সি

Alt: তারকার বিশাল সমষ্টি

Example: A distant galaxy may be thousands of light-years away.

Syn: star system, celestial system

💡 Exam tip: The plural of galaxy is galaxies, changing y to ies.

5. Mobile Phones and Technology (8 words)

mobile phone[/ˈməʊbaɪl fəʊn/]nouneasy

Meaning: মুঠোফোন; মোবাইল ফোন

Alt: তারবিহীন বহনযোগ্য ফোন

Example: A mobile phone helps us communicate at a low cost.

Syn: cell phone, handset

💡 Exam tip: Mobile phone is the British term; cell phone is common in American English.

handy[/ˈhændi/]adjeasy

Meaning: সহজে বহনযোগ্য ও ব্যবহারযোগ্য

Alt: সুবিধাজনক

Example: Mobile phones are handy devices.

Syn: convenient, usefulAnt: inconvenient, awkward

💡 Exam tip: Handy is an adjective; its comparative form is handier.

connect[/kəˈnekt/]verbeasy

Meaning: সংযুক্ত করা; যোগাযোগ স্থাপন করা

Alt: জোড়া লাগানো

Example: Mobile phones connect people across the world.

Syn: link, joinAnt: disconnect, separate

💡 Exam tip: Connect is followed by with when referring to people.

contact[/ˈkɒntækt/]verbmedium

Meaning: যোগাযোগ করা

Alt: সংস্পর্শে আসা

Example: We can contact our relatives by phone.

Syn: communicate with, reachAnt: avoid, lose touch with

💡 Exam tip: Contact can be a noun or a verb and does not need with after it as a verb.

function[/ˈfʌŋkʃn/]nounmedium

Meaning: কার্য; কাজ

Alt: অনুষ্ঠান

Example: A smartphone has many useful functions.

Syn: purpose, operationAnt: malfunction

💡 Exam tip: Function means কাজ in technology, but অনুষ্ঠান in another context.

photograph[/ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/]nouneasy

Meaning: ছবি; আলোকচিত্র

Alt: ছবি তোলার কাজ

Example: We can take photographs with a mobile phone.

Syn: picture, photo

💡 Exam tip: Photograph is a noun; photograph can also be used as a verb.

store[/stɔː(r)/]verbeasy

Meaning: সংরক্ষণ করা

Alt: জমা করে রাখা

Example: Mobile phones can store important information.

Syn: save, keepAnt: delete, discard

💡 Exam tip: Store may also be a noun meaning দোকান; identify its meaning from context.

distance learning[/ˈdɪstəns ˈlɜːnɪŋ/]nounmedium

Meaning: দূরশিক্ষা

Alt: দূর থেকে প্রযুক্তির মাধ্যমে শিক্ষা

Example: Mobile phones can be used for distance learning.

Syn: online education, remote learningAnt: classroom learning

💡 Exam tip: Use distance learning as a compound noun without an article in general statements.

6. Useful Phrases and Academic Words (8 words)

invention[/ɪnˈvenʃn/]nouneasy

Meaning: আবিষ্কার

Alt: নতুন যন্ত্র বা পদ্ধতি

Example: The invention of the aeroplane changed travel.

Syn: innovation, creationAnt: destruction

💡 Exam tip: A common pattern is the invention of + noun.

sphere of life[/sfɪə(r) əv laɪf/]nounmedium

Meaning: জীবনের ক্ষেত্র

Alt: জীবনের কোনো নির্দিষ্ট অংশ

Example: Technology is useful in every sphere of life.

Syn: area of life, field of life

💡 Exam tip: Every sphere of life means জীবনের প্রতিটি ক্ষেত্রে.

far-off[/ˌfɑːr ˈɒf/]adjmedium

Meaning: দূরবর্তী

Alt: অনেক দূরের

Example: Some relatives live in far-off countries.

Syn: distant, remoteAnt: nearby, close

💡 Exam tip: Far-off is generally used before a noun as a compound adjective.

face to face[/feɪs tə feɪs/]adveasy

Meaning: সামনাসামনি

Alt: মধ্যস্থতাহীনভাবে

Example: People can talk face to face through social media.

Syn: directly, personallyAnt: indirectly, remotely

💡 Exam tip: Face to face is written without hyphens when used adverbially.

at present[/ət ˈpreznt/]adveasy

Meaning: বর্তমানে

Alt: এই সময়ে

Example: At present, computers are part of daily life.

Syn: now, currentlyAnt: formerly, later

💡 Exam tip: At present is a fixed phrase meaning বর্তমানে.

no doubt[/nəʊ daʊt/]adveasy

Meaning: নিঃসন্দেহে

Alt: কোনো সন্দেহ নেই

Example: No doubt, mobile phones are useful inventions.

Syn: certainly, undoubtedlyAnt: doubtfully, possibly

💡 Exam tip: No doubt is often placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.

low cost[/ləʊ kɒst/]nouneasy

Meaning: কম খরচ

Alt: স্বল্প ব্যয়

Example: Mobile phones allow communication at a low cost.

Syn: small expense, cheap priceAnt: high cost, great expense

💡 Exam tip: At a low cost is a useful phrase for paragraph writing.

set foot on[/set fʊt ɒn/]verbmedium

Meaning: পা রাখা

Alt: কোনো স্থানে প্রবেশ করা

Example: Humans have set foot on the moon.

Syn: enter, step onAnt: leave, depart

💡 Exam tip: Set foot on is an idiom; use set, not sat or sit, in this expression.

💡 Exam Tips

• Learn each word with its Bengali meaning, part of speech and an example sentence.

• For matching questions, remember: lonely—feeling alone, sphere—area, spacecraft—vehicle that travels in space, impact—influence, wonder—surprise.

• For opposite-word questions, remember: unbelievable—believable, awesome—ordinary, fabulous—ordinary, tremendous—tiny, updated—backdated.

• Use computer, mobile phone and spacecraft as countable nouns when referring to one or more specific devices.

• Information is uncountable, so write a piece of information, not an information.

• After avoid, use a noun or gerund: avoid loneliness; avoid wasting time.

• Use have access to, communicate with, benefit from and set foot on as fixed structures.

• In paragraph writing, describe an innovation by stating what it is, how it helps people and why it is surprising.

• Use linking words such as first, besides, moreover, however, therefore and finally to make a paragraph coherent.

• Check spelling carefully: communication, information, spacecraft, astronaut, tremendous and unbelievable.

ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six - Wonders of the world-2 - Vocabulary

Chapter: Wonders of the world-2

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