Chapter: Hason Raja: The mystic bard of Bangladesh
đ Vocabulary
ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six
â Most Important Exam Words
bardmysticrenownedhumankindwealthylandlordformal educationyouthluxurycomfortpleasurematerial possessionsmeaninglesscreatormeditationhumanityspiritualreflectpublishvolumecontaincrazycomplete workspopularspreadbeyondeminentgive away
đ Word Formation Rules
âē wealth + -y = wealthy: a noun becomes an adjective meaning full of wealth.
âē comfort + -able = comfortable: a noun becomes an adjective meaning giving comfort.
âē luxury + -ous = luxurious: a noun becomes an adjective meaning full of luxury.
âē meaning + -less = meaningless: the suffix -less means without.
âē create + -or = creator: the suffix -or forms a person who performs an action.
âē meditate + -ion = meditation: the suffix -ion forms a noun from a verb.
âē spiritual + -ity = spirituality: the suffix -ity forms an abstract noun.
âē human + -ity = humanity: the suffix -ity forms an abstract noun.
âē publish + -er = publisher: the suffix -er forms a person who performs an action.
âē complete + -ly = completely: the suffix -ly forms an adverb.
âē popular + -ity = popularity: the suffix -ity forms a noun meaning the state of being popular.
âē write â wrote â written: irregular verb forms; never use writed.
1. Hason Raja: āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻĒāĻ (8 words)
bard[/bÉËrd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°
Alt: āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž āĻ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ¨
Example: Hason Raja was a famous mystic bard of Bangladesh.
Syn: poet, songwriterAnt: nonwriter
đĄ Exam tip: Remember: a bard writes poems and songs.
mystic[/ËmÉĒstÉĒk/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻ
Alt: āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨āĻž āĻ āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻŽā§ āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨
Example: The mystic spent much time in prayer and meditation.
Syn: spiritualist, sageAnt: materialist
đĄ Exam tip: A mystic seeks spiritual truth and union with God.
poet[/ËpÉĘÉĒt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŦāĻŋ
Alt: āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ¨
Example: Hason Raja was a renowned poet.
Syn: bard, versifierAnt: reader
đĄ Exam tip: Use poet for a person who writes poems.
renowned[/rÉĒËnaĘnd/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤
Example: Lalon Shah was a renowned mystic bard.
Syn: famous, eminentAnt: unknown, ordinary
đĄ Exam tip: Renowned means very famous; it is often used before a noun.
renownedly[/rÉĒËnaĘndli/]advhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§
Example: The songs were renownedly performed across the country.
Syn: famously, notablyAnt: obscurely
đĄ Exam tip: The adverb form of renowned is rarely used; prefer famously in ordinary writing.
humankind[/ËhjuËmÉnËkaÉĒnd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ
Alt: āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ
Example: His songs expressed love for humankind.
Syn: humanity, mankindAnt: animality
đĄ Exam tip: Humankind is a collective noun referring to all human beings.
thought[/θÉËt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž
Alt: āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž
Example: His songs reflected his deep thoughts.
Syn: idea, reflectionAnt: ignorance
đĄ Exam tip: Thought is the noun form of think.
feeling[/ËfiËlÉĒÅ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Alt: āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻŦ
Example: The poet expressed his feelings through songs.
Syn: emotion, sentimentAnt: insensitivity
đĄ Exam tip: Feelings may be positive or negative emotions.
2. āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ, āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ (8 words)
born[/bÉËrn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Hason Raja was born in 1854.
Syn: delivered, begottenAnt: die
đĄ Exam tip: Use was born or were born, not was birth.
wealthy[/Ëwelθi/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ§āĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻāĻā§
Example: He was born into a wealthy landlord family.
Syn: rich, prosperousAnt: poor, needy
đĄ Exam tip: Wealthy is an adjective; wealth is its noun form.
landlord[/ËlÃĻndlÉËrd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ°
Alt: āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ
Example: His family was a wealthy landlord family in Sylhet.
Syn: landowner, proprietorAnt: tenant
đĄ Exam tip: A landlord owns property; a tenant rents it.
family[/ËfÃĻmÉli/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ°
Alt: āĻāĻāĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻ˛
Example: Hason Raja belonged to a respected family.
Syn: household, kinAnt: stranger
đĄ Exam tip: Family may take a singular verb when considered as one unit.
education[/ËedĘuËkeÉĒĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻž āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: He did not receive much formal education.
Syn: learning, instructionAnt: ignorance
đĄ Exam tip: Education is uncountable when referring to learning in general.
formal[/ËfÉËrmÉl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻŽāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ
Example: He received little formal education as a child.
Syn: official, systematicAnt: informal, unofficial
đĄ Exam tip: Formal education means education received through an institution.
child[/tĘaÉĒld/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻļā§
Alt: āĻ
āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸ā§ āĻā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ¯āĻŧā§
Example: As a child, he did not study much.
Syn: kid, youngsterAnt: adult
đĄ Exam tip: The plural of child is children, not childs.
youth[/juËθ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ¯ā§āĻŦāĻ¨
Alt: āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¸
Example: In his youth, Hason Raja lived a life of luxury.
Syn: adolescence, younghoodAnt: old age
đĄ Exam tip: Youth can mean both the period of being young and young people collectively.
3. āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§ āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ (8 words)
luxury[/ËlĘkĘÉri/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĻŋāĻ¤āĻž
Alt: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻŽ āĻ āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¯
Example: He lived a life of luxury in his youth.
Syn: opulence, comfortAnt: poverty, hardship
đĄ Exam tip: Luxury is a noun; luxurious is its adjective form.
luxurious[/lĘÉĄËĘĘÉriÉs/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ˛
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻŦāĻšā§āĻ˛
Example: He enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle.
Syn: lavish, opulentAnt: simple, modest
đĄ Exam tip: Do not confuse luxurious with luxury.
comfort[/ËkĘmfÉrt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻŽ
Alt: āĻļāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¸āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: He had money, comfort, and pleasure.
Syn: ease, reliefAnt: discomfort, hardship
đĄ Exam tip: Comfort can be used as both a noun and a verb.
comfortable[/ËkĘmftÉrbÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻ
Example: He had a comfortable life before changing his ideas.
Syn: pleasant, easyAnt: uncomfortable, painful
đĄ Exam tip: The noun is comfort and the adjective is comfortable.
pleasure[/ËpleĘÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: He once enjoyed money, comfort, and pleasure.
Syn: joy, delightAnt: pain, sadness
đĄ Exam tip: Pleasure means enjoyment; pleasant means giving enjoyment.
material[/mÉËtÉĒÉriÉl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻāĻ¤
Alt: āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤
Example: He felt that material possessions were meaningless.
Syn: physical, worldlyAnt: spiritual, immaterial
đĄ Exam tip: Material possessions means worldly goods or property.
possession[/pÉËzeĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸
Example: His material possessions did not make him happy.
Syn: property, belongingAnt: loss, deprivation
đĄ Exam tip: Possessions is usually plural when referring to personal belongings.
meaningless[/ËmiËnÉĒÅlÉs/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻšā§āĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨ā§āĻ
Example: He began to feel that material possessions were meaningless.
Syn: pointless, insignificantAnt: meaningful, significant
đĄ Exam tip: Meaningless = without meaning; meaningful is the opposite.
4. āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨, āĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻ¤āĻž āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¤āĻž (8 words)
however[/haĘËevÉr/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻ¤āĻŦā§
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Example: However, he later changed his way of life.
Syn: but, neverthelessAnt: similarly
đĄ Exam tip: However often introduces a contrast between two ideas.
possess[/pÉËzes/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻž
Example: He possessed great wealth in his early life.
Syn: own, haveAnt: lack, lose
đĄ Exam tip: Possess is a verb; possession is its noun form.
give[/ÉĄÉĒv/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ§āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: He decided to give away all his properties.
Syn: donate, offerAnt: take, receive
đĄ Exam tip: The phrasal verb give away means donate or distribute freely.
property[/ËprÉpÉrti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻŽāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ§ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ
Example: Hason Raja gave away all his properties.
Syn: estate, belongingsAnt: debt
đĄ Exam tip: Property can be uncountable in general use and countable when referring to separate estates.
creator[/kriËeÉĒtÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻˇā§āĻāĻž
Alt: āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨; āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°
Example: He began to think deeply about the Creator.
Syn: maker, GodAnt: destroyer
đĄ Exam tip: Creator is formed from create + -or.
meditation[/ËmedÉĒËteÉĒĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻŽāĻ¨āĻā§ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§āĻ˛āĻ¨
Example: Meditation helped him seek spiritual truth.
Syn: reflection, contemplationAnt: distraction, restlessness
đĄ Exam tip: Meditation is the noun form of meditate.
humanity[/hjuËËmÃĻnÉti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¤āĻž
Alt: āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻŖāĻŦā§āĻ§
Example: His songs showed deep love for humanity.
Syn: humankind, compassionAnt: cruelty, inhumanity
đĄ Exam tip: Humanity may mean all people or kindness toward people.
spiritual[/ËspÉĒrÉĒtĘuÉl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻž, āĻ§āĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤
Example: His songs expressed spiritual ideas.
Syn: religious, sacredAnt: material, worldly
đĄ Exam tip: Spiritual is the adjective form of spirit.
5. āĻ°āĻāĻ¨āĻž, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļāĻ¨āĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻ (8 words)
write[/raÉĒt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻž
Alt: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯ āĻ˛āĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: Hason Raja wrote about a thousand songs.
Syn: compose, recordAnt: erase, delete
đĄ Exam tip: The past forms are wrote and written, not writed.
song[/sÉÅ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ°āĻāĻ¨āĻž
Example: He wrote many beautiful songs.
Syn: melody, balladAnt: silence
đĄ Exam tip: The plural of song is songs.
reflect[/rÉĒËflekt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: His songs reflected his deep thoughts.
Syn: express, representAnt: hide, conceal
đĄ Exam tip: Reflect can mean show an idea, not only mirror an image.
about[/ÉËbaĘt/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
Alt: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Example: He wrote about a thousand songs.
Syn: approximately, nearlyAnt: exactly
đĄ Exam tip: In this sentence, about means approximately, not concerning.
publish[/ËpĘblÉĒĘ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻ¨āĻž
Example: He published Hason Udash in 1906.
Syn: print, issueAnt: suppress, withhold
đĄ Exam tip: Publish is a verb; publication is its noun form.
book[/bĘk/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ
Alt: āĻ˛āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻ˛āĻ¨
Example: Hason Udash was a book of songs.
Syn: volume, publicationAnt: unpublished work
đĄ Exam tip: Use a book of poems or a book of songs.
volume[/ËvÉljuËm/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻĨ
Alt: āĻŦāĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻĨ
Example: Another volume called Hason Raja Samagra was published.
Syn: book, tomeAnt: leaf
đĄ Exam tip: Volume may also mean a book in a series.
contain[/kÉnËteÉĒn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: The book contained 206 songs.
Syn: include, holdAnt: exclude, lack
đĄ Exam tip: Contain means have inside; contents is the related noun.
6. āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ (8 words)
crazy[/ËkreÉĒzi/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ˛
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤; āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ā§āĻšāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽ
Example: He called himself Crazy Hason Raja.
Syn: mad, wildAnt: sane, calm
đĄ Exam tip: In the lesson, Crazy is used as a name, not necessarily as an insult.
complete[/kÉmËpliËt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ
āĻāĻļ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: Hason Raja Samagra means the Complete Works of Hason Raja.
Syn: whole, entireAnt: incomplete, partial
đĄ Exam tip: Complete can be both an adjective and a verb.
work[/wÉËrk/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ°āĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋāĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽ
Example: The volume contained the complete works of Hason Raja.
Syn: creation, productionAnt: idleness
đĄ Exam tip: Works often means the collected writings of an author.
popular[/ËpÉpjÉlÉr/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ¨āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧ
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°
Example: Hason Rajaâs songs had always been popular in Sylhet.
Syn: famous, well-likedAnt: unpopular, disliked
đĄ Exam tip: Popular means liked by many people, not necessarily the best.
spread[/spred/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Example: His songs soon spread all over Bangladesh.
Syn: extend, circulateAnt: contract, concentrate
đĄ Exam tip: Spread has the same form in the present, past, and past participle.
beyond[/bÉĒËjÉnd/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§
Example: His songs became popular in Bangladesh and beyond.
Syn: outside, fartherAnt: within, inside
đĄ Exam tip: Beyond often means outside a particular place, limit, or range.
eminent[/ËemÉĒnÉnt/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ
Alt: āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨, āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻ
āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ
Example: Hason Raja was an eminent mystic poet.
Syn: distinguished, illustriousAnt: insignificant, unknown
đĄ Exam tip: Do not confuse eminent with imminent, which means about to happen.
great[/ÉĄreÉĒt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ, āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤
Example: He was a great mystic poet of Bangladesh.
Syn: excellent, remarkableAnt: poor, ordinary
đĄ Exam tip: Great may describe quality, importance, size, or achievement.
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Learn the exact facts: Hason Raja was born in 1854 in Sylhet.
âĸ Remember that he was born into a wealthy landlord family.
âĸ His youth was a life of luxury, with money, comfort, and pleasure.
âĸ He left his comfortable life because he felt that material possessions were meaningless.
âĸ He gave away all his properties and began thinking deeply about the Creator, life, death, and humankind.
âĸ He wrote about a thousand songs reflecting his thoughts and feelings.
âĸ Hason Udash was published in 1906 and contained 206 songs.
âĸ Hason Raja was also called Crazy Hason Raja or Pagla Hason Raja.
âĸ Hason Raja Samagra means the Complete Works of Hason Raja and contained 500 poems and songs.
âĸ His songs were first popular in Sylhet and later spread all over Bangladesh and beyond.
âĸ For synonym questions, remember: wealthyârich, luxuryâopulence, pleasureâjoy, containâinclude, eminentâdistinguished.
âĸ For antonym questions, remember: wealthyâpoor, comfortâdiscomfort, meaningfulâmeaningless, popularâunpopular, beyondâwithin.
âĸ In grammar questions, distinguish word families such as createâcreator, meditateâmeditation, and meaningâmeaningless.
âĸ Use was born with a year and place: Hason Raja was born in 1854 in Sylhet.
âĸ In a short-answer question, write complete sentences beginning with He was, He lived, or He wrote.
âĸ Do not confuse bard with bird; bard means a poet and songwriter.
âĸ Do not confuse eminent with imminent; eminent means famous or distinguished, while imminent means about to happen.