Chapter: The Lion’s mane
📚 Vocabulary
ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
maneroarunrulyflapmoustacheraisehissing soundreflectionhairstyledesperatelyvainwisewisdombotherpromisecommentzebragiraffevulturehyenatrunkstripeshornsscalessmoothstareshakesilentlykinglooks
📃 Word Formation Rules
► Add the prefix un- to a word to form its opposite: orderly → unruly, wise → unwise.
► Add -ly to an adjective to form an adverb: silent → silently, desperate → desperately, quick → quickly.
► Add -dom to wise to form the abstract noun wisdom.
► Add -ness to kind to form kindness; this is a common way to form abstract nouns.
► Add -er to a verb to form a person noun: roar → roarer, teach → teacher.
► Use the suffix -ful to form adjectives meaning full of: care → careful, beauty → beautiful.
► Use the suffix -less to form adjectives meaning without: care → careless, hope → hopeless.
► Some words change spelling in plural: mane → manes, moustache → moustaches, zebra → zebras, hyena → hyenas.
► Irregular verb forms: sit → sat → sat, shake → shook → shaken, raise → raised → raised.
► The adjective vain forms the noun vanity and the adverb vainly.
1. The Lion’s Appearance (8 words)
mane[/meɪn/]nounmedium
Meaning: কেশর; a line of long hair on the neck of a lion or horse
Alt: লম্বা চুলের গুচ্ছ
Example: The lion shook his mane.
Syn: hair, crestAnt: baldness
💡 Exam tip: Remember: mane means the long hair around a lion’s neck, not main.
moustache[/məˈstæʃ/]nounmedium
Meaning: গোঁফ; hair on the upper lip
Alt: উপরের ঠোঁটের চুল
Example: The giraffe suggested a colour to match the lion’s moustache.
Syn: facial hair, whiskersAnt: clean-shaven face
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is moustaches.
hairstyle[/ˈheəstaɪl/]nouneasy
Meaning: চুলের ধরন বা বিন্যাস; the way hair is arranged
Alt: চুল সাজানোর ধরন
Example: The lion wanted a new hairstyle.
Syn: hairdo, haircutAnt: untidiness
💡 Exam tip: Hairstyle is a compound noun made from hair + style.
looks[/lʊks/]nouneasy
Meaning: চেহারা বা বাহ্যিক সৌন্দর্য; physical appearance
Alt: দেখতে কেমন
Example: A wise king should not worry too much about his looks.
Syn: appearance, beautyAnt: ugliness
💡 Exam tip: Looks usually refers to a person’s or animal’s appearance.
reflection[/rɪˈflekʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রতিবিম্ব; an image seen in a mirror or water
Alt: প্রতিফলিত ছবি
Example: The lion saw his reflection in the river.
Syn: image, mirror imageAnt: absence
💡 Exam tip: Reflection in water means প্রতিবিম্ব, while reflection can also mean deep thought.
unruly[/ʌnˈruːli/]adjmedium
Meaning: অবাধ্য বা অগোছালো; difficult to control or manage
Alt: নিয়ন্ত্রণ করা কঠিন
Example: The lion thought his unruly mane did not suit a king.
Syn: disorderly, untidyAnt: orderly, neat
💡 Exam tip: The prefix un- changes the meaning of ruled into not controlled.
vain[/veɪn/]adjmedium
Meaning: অহংকারী বা নিজের চেহারা নিয়ে অতিরিক্ত গর্বিত; too proud of one’s appearance
Alt: আত্মগর্বী
Example: The lion realised that he had been vain.
Syn: conceited, proudAnt: modest, humble
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse vain with vein or vane; they have different meanings.
smooth[/smuːð/]verbeasy
Meaning: মসৃণ বা গোছানো করা; to make even or tidy
Alt: মসৃণ করা
Example: The lion tried to smooth his mane.
Syn: straighten, tidyAnt: roughen, ruffle
💡 Exam tip: Smooth can be a verb, adjective, or noun depending on the sentence.
2. Actions in the Story (8 words)
sit[/sɪt/]verbeasy
Meaning: বসা; to rest on a seat or surface
Alt: বসে থাকা
Example: The lion was sitting beside a river.
Syn: rest, settleAnt: stand
💡 Exam tip: Past form: sat; past participle: sat.
look[/lʊk/]verbeasy
Meaning: তাকানো বা দেখা; to direct one’s eyes toward something
Alt: দেখতে মনে হওয়া
Example: He looked at his reflection.
Syn: see, watchAnt: ignore
💡 Exam tip: Look at is used before the object being seen.
roar[/rɔːr/]verbeasy
Meaning: গর্জন করা; to make a very loud, deep sound
Alt: জোরে চিৎকার করা
Example: The lion roared like the king of the jungle.
Syn: bellow, shoutAnt: whisper, murmur
💡 Exam tip: Roar can be used as both a verb and a noun.
dip[/dɪp/]verbmedium
Meaning: ডুবানো; to put something briefly into liquid
Alt: নিচু করা বা ডোবানো
Example: The lion dipped his paw into the river.
Syn: immerse, plungeAnt: remove, lift
💡 Exam tip: Past and past participle: dipped.
flap[/flæp/]verbmedium
Meaning: ঝাপটানো বা নাড়ানো; to move up and down or from side to side
Alt: ঢিলেঢালাভাবে ঝুলে থাকা
Example: The zebra suggested that the lion should flap his mane all up.
Syn: wave, flutterAnt: steady, still
💡 Exam tip: Flap may describe wings, cloth, or hair moving in the air.
raise[/reɪz/]verbmedium
Meaning: উঁচু করা; to lift or move upwards
Alt: উত্থাপন করা বা বাড়ানো
Example: The snake raised his head silently.
Syn: lift, elevateAnt: lower, drop
💡 Exam tip: Raise needs an object, but rise does not: He raised his hand; the sun rose.
shake[/ʃeɪk/]verbmedium
Meaning: ঝাঁকানো; to move quickly from side to side
Alt: কাঁপা বা কাঁপানো
Example: The lion shook his head from side to side.
Syn: tremble, wobbleAnt: steady, stabilise
💡 Exam tip: Past form: shook; past participle: shaken.
stare[/steər/]verbeasy
Meaning: একদৃষ্টিতে তাকানো; to look fixedly for a long time
Alt: তীক্ষ্ণভাবে তাকানো
Example: The king stared at the snake for some time.
Syn: gaze, glareAnt: glance, ignore
💡 Exam tip: Stare at is the common phrase.
3. Sounds and Movement (8 words)
hissing[/ˈhɪsɪŋ/]nounmedium
Meaning: সাপের ফোঁসফোঁস শব্দ; a sound like a long s
Alt: ফোঁসফোঁস করা
Example: The snake spoke with a hissing sound.
Syn: sibilance, whistlingAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Hissing comes from the verb hiss.
hiss[/hɪs/]verbmedium
Meaning: ফোঁসফোঁস শব্দ করা; to make a sharp s-like sound
Alt: রাগ বা সতর্কতার শব্দ করা
Example: The snake hissed at the animals.
Syn: sibilate, whistleAnt: be silent
💡 Exam tip: The spelling doubles s before -ed: hissed.
sound[/saʊnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: শব্দ; something that can be heard
Alt: ধ্বনি বা আওয়াজ
Example: The roar was a very loud sound.
Syn: noise, เสียงAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Sound may be countable when referring to a particular noise.
silently[/ˈsaɪləntli/]adveasy
Meaning: নীরবে; without making a sound
Alt: শব্দ না করে
Example: A snake was passing by silently.
Syn: quietly, soundlesslyAnt: loudly, noisily
💡 Exam tip: Silently is the adverb form of silent.
quickly[/ˈkwɪkli/]adveasy
Meaning: দ্রুতভাবে; at a fast speed
Alt: তাড়াতাড়ি
Example: The animals quickly gave their suggestions.
Syn: rapidly, swiftlyAnt: slowly
💡 Exam tip: Quickly modifies a verb and answers the question how?
desperately[/ˈdespərətli/]advhard
Meaning: মরিয়া হয়ে; with great urgency or need
Alt: আকুলভাবে
Example: The lion desperately tried to smooth his mane.
Syn: urgently, franticallyAnt: calmly, carelessly
💡 Exam tip: Desperately is formed from desperate + ly.
pass[/pɑːs/]verbeasy
Meaning: পাশ দিয়ে যাওয়া; to go past a place or person
Alt: অতিক্রম করা বা এগিয়ে দেওয়া
Example: A snake was passing by the river.
Syn: go by, crossAnt: stay, remain
💡 Exam tip: Phrasal verb: pass by means to go past.
smile[/smaɪl/]verbeasy
Meaning: হাসা; to show happiness with the face
Alt: মৃদু হাসি দেওয়া
Example: The lion smiled at the snake.
Syn: grin, beamAnt: frown
💡 Exam tip: Past form: smiled; noun form: smile.
4. Animals and Their Special Features (8 words)
zebra[/ˈziːbrə/]nouneasy
Meaning: জেব্রা; an African animal with black-and-white stripes
Alt: ডোরাকাটা বন্য ঘোড়ার মতো প্রাণী
Example: The zebra suggested a new style for the lion.
Syn: striped animal
💡 Exam tip: The plural is zebras.
giraffe[/dʒəˈrɑːf/]nouneasy
Meaning: জিরাফ; a tall animal with a long neck
Alt: দীর্ঘ ঘাড়ের প্রাণী
Example: The giraffe added another suggestion.
Syn: long-necked animal
💡 Exam tip: Remember the spelling: giraffe, with double f at the end.
vulture[/ˈvʌltʃər/]nounmedium
Meaning: শকুন; a large bird that feeds on dead animals
Alt: মৃতভোজী পাখি
Example: The vulture asked about using ribbons.
Syn: scavenger bird
💡 Exam tip: A vulture is a bird, not a mammal.
hyena[/haɪˈiːnə/]nounmedium
Meaning: হায়েনা; a wild animal known for its laughing sound
Alt: এক ধরনের বন্য মাংসাশী প্রাণী
Example: The hyena suggested a paper crown.
Syn: wild animal
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is hyenas.
trunk[/trʌŋk/]nouneasy
Meaning: শুঁড়; the long nose of an elephant
Alt: গাছের কাণ্ড বা গাড়ির পেছনের অংশ
Example: An elephant is recognised by its trunk.
Syn: elephant’s nose, proboscis
💡 Exam tip: Use context to identify the meaning of trunk.
stripes[/straɪps/]nouneasy
Meaning: ডোরা বা দাগ; long narrow bands of a different colour
Alt: সমান্তরাল রেখা
Example: The zebra has black and white stripes.
Syn: bands, linesAnt: plain colour
💡 Exam tip: Stripe is singular; stripes is plural.
horns[/hɔːrnz/]nouneasy
Meaning: শিং; hard pointed growths on the heads of some animals
Alt: বাদ্যযন্ত্রের শিঙা
Example: A buffalo has strong horns.
Syn: antlers, projections
💡 Exam tip: Horn is singular and horns is plural.
scales[/skeɪlz/]nounmedium
Meaning: আঁশ; small hard plates covering the skin of fish or snakes
Alt: ওজন মাপার যন্ত্র
Example: Fish have scales on their bodies.
Syn: plates, coveringAnt: bare skin
💡 Exam tip: Scales has another meaning: a device for weighing.
5. Wisdom and Moral Ideas (8 words)
king[/kɪŋ/]nouneasy
Meaning: রাজা; a male ruler of a country or kingdom
Alt: প্রধান বা শ্রেষ্ঠ ব্যক্তি
Example: The lion was the king of the jungle.
Syn: ruler, monarchAnt: subject
💡 Exam tip: Feminine form: queen.
wise[/waɪz/]adjeasy
Meaning: জ্ঞানী বা বিচক্ষণ; having good judgement
Alt: বুদ্ধিমান ও অভিজ্ঞ
Example: A wise king cares about his people.
Syn: sensible, intelligentAnt: foolish, unwise
💡 Exam tip: Noun form: wisdom; adverb form: wisely.
wisdom[/ˈwɪzdəm/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রজ্ঞা বা বিচক্ষণতা; the quality of being wise
Alt: জ্ঞানভিত্তিক ভালো সিদ্ধান্ত
Example: The snake spoke with wisdom.
Syn: sagacity, good judgementAnt: foolishness
💡 Exam tip: Wisdom is an abstract noun formed from wise.
care[/keər/]verbeasy
Meaning: যত্ন নেওয়া বা গুরুত্ব দেওয়া; to feel concern about something
Alt: পরোয়া করা
Example: Nobody cares about a king’s hairstyle if he is wise.
Syn: mind, valueAnt: neglect, ignore
💡 Exam tip: Care about means to consider something important.
bother[/ˈbɒðər/]verbmedium
Meaning: বিরক্ত করা বা অযথা চিন্তা করা; to worry or trouble oneself
Alt: উত্যক্ত করা
Example: The lion promised not to bother about his looks.
Syn: worry, disturbAnt: comfort, calm
💡 Exam tip: Bother about means to worry about something unnecessarily.
promise[/ˈprɒmɪs/]verbeasy
Meaning: প্রতিশ্রুতি দেওয়া; to say that one will certainly do something
Alt: অঙ্গীকার করা
Example: The lion promised to be a wise king.
Syn: pledge, vowAnt: break one’s word
💡 Exam tip: After promise, use to + verb: promised to be.
agree[/əˈɡriː/]verbeasy
Meaning: একমত হওয়া; to have the same opinion
Alt: সম্মত হওয়া
Example: Do you agree with the snake’s comment?
Syn: consent, concurAnt: disagree, oppose
💡 Exam tip: The correct preposition is agree with a person or opinion.
comment[/ˈkɒment/]nounmedium
Meaning: মন্তব্য; an opinion or statement about something
Alt: মতামত বা পর্যবেক্ষণ
Example: The snake made a wise comment.
Syn: remark, observationAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Comment can be used as both a noun and a verb.
💡 Exam Tips
• For matching questions, remember: mane means a lion’s long hair, roar means a loud deep sound, and unruly means difficult to control.
• Do not confuse mane with main; mane is hair, while main means chief or most important.
• Use raise for lifting something: The snake raised his head. Use rise when something goes up by itself: The sun rises.
• For question answers, write complete sentences such as: The lion wanted a new hairstyle because he thought his mane was old.
• The giraffe suggested adding a bit of colour to match the lion’s moustache.
• The moral of the story is that wisdom and good character are more important than outward appearance.
• In vocabulary matching, scales may mean fish covering or a weighing instrument; identify the meaning from context.
• Remember the prepositions: look at, agree with, care about, pass by, and stare at.
• Use the past forms correctly: sit–sat, shake–shook, smile–smiled, raise–raised, and roar–roared.
• For synonym questions, use roar–bellow, wise–sensible, vain–conceited, smooth–straighten, and stare–gaze.
• For antonym questions, use wise–foolish, silently–loudly, raise–lower, smooth–roughen, and agree–disagree.
• In a sentence-completion question, choose an adverb such as quickly, silently, or desperately to describe how an action happens.