Chapter: Boats sail on the rivers
đ Vocabulary
ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six
â Most Important Exam Words
boatsailshipriverseacloudskyprettybridgeheaventreeearthroadrainbownaturebeautyfloatcrossovertopbuildleadrisebeautifulfarhighwidepleasantmagnificentpoetpoemstanzalinebowcomparerecite
đ Word Formation Rules
âē Noun + noun compound: rainbow = rain + bow, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āϰāĻāϧāύā§āĨ¤
âē Noun + noun compound: boat ride = boat + ride, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖāĨ¤
âē Noun to adjective: beauty + ful = beautiful, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĨ¤
âē Noun to adjective: nature + al = natural, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāĨ¤
âē Adjective to comparative: pretty + er = prettier, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāϰāĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĨ¤
âē Adjective to superlative: pretty + est = prettiest, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āϏāĻŦāĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĨ¤
âē Verb to noun: build + er = builder, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻžāĨ¤
âē Verb to noun: recite + ation = recitation, āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋāĨ¤
âē Prefix over- can mean above or beyond: overtop, overtakeāĨ¤
âē Prefix un- forms an opposite adjective: pleasant â unpleasantāĨ¤
1. Core Words from the Poem â āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ (8 words)
boat[/boĘt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āύā§āĻāĻž
Alt: āĻāϞ⧠āĻāϞāĻžāĻāϞā§āϰ āĻā§āĻ āĻāϞāϝāĻžāύ
Example: The boat is sailing on the river.
Syn: vessel, craftAnt: land vehicle
đĄ Exam tip: Boat āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻā§āĻ āĻāϞāϝāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ; āύā§āĻāĻž āĻ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
sail[/seÉĒl/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāϞ āϤā§āϞ⧠āĻāϞ⧠āĻāϞāĻž
Alt: āύā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Boats sail on the rivers.
Syn: travel, cruiseAnt: anchor, stop
đĄ Exam tip: Sail verb āĻāĻŦāĻ sail nounâāĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
ship[/ĘÉĒp/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ
Alt: āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāϝāĻžāύ
Example: The ship sails on the sea.
Syn: vessel, linerAnt: boat
đĄ Exam tip: Ship āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ boat-āĻāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧠āĻāϞāĻžāĻāϞ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
river[/ËrÉĒvÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āύāĻĻā§
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻāϞāϧāĻžāϰāĻž
Example: Many boats are on the river.
Syn: waterway, streamAnt: desert
đĄ Exam tip: River-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧠rivers; on the river āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ phraseāĨ¤
sea[/siË/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ
Alt: āϞāĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻāϞāϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋ
Example: Ships sail on the seas.
Syn: ocean, waterAnt: land
đĄ Exam tip: Sea āĻāĻŦāĻ ocean āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāϞāϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦā§ ocean āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦā§āĻšāϤā§āϤāϰāĨ¤
cloud[/klaĘd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āĻ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§ āĻāĻžāϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāϞā§āϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻžāώā§āĻĒā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āĻā§āĻ
Example: A white cloud is floating in the sky.
Syn: vapour mass, cloudbankAnt: clear sky
đĄ Exam tip: Cloud-āĻāϰ adjective āĻšāϞ⧠cloudyāĨ¤
sky[/skaÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻžāĻļ
Alt: āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āĻĄāϞā§āϝāĻŧ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ
Example: The birds are flying across the sky.
Syn: heavens, firmamentAnt: ground
đĄ Exam tip: In the sky āĻāĻŦāĻ across the skyâāĻĻā§āĻ phrase-āĻ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
pretty[/ËprÉĒti/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻāϤ⧠āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖā§āϝāĻŧ
Example: The flowers are very pretty.
Syn: beautiful, lovelyAnt: ugly, unattractive
đĄ Exam tip: Pretty-āĻāϰ comparative prettier āĻāĻŦāĻ superlative prettiestāĨ¤
2. Nature and Places â āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ (8 words)
bridge[/brÉĒdĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏā§āϤā§
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§
Example: The bridge is over the river.
Syn: overpass, viaductAnt: barrier
đĄ Exam tip: Bridge noun āĻāĻŦāĻ verb āĻāĻāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§; to bridge āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āϏāĻāϝā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
heaven[/ËhevÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāϞā§āĻ
Example: The rainbow seems to bridge heaven and earth.
Syn: paradise, skyAnt: hell
đĄ Exam tip: Poem-āĻ heaven āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
tree[/triË/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ ā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻĻ
Example: The tall tree overtops the small houses.
Syn: plant, woodAnt: grass
đĄ Exam tip: Tree-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧠trees; tree-top āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ compound wordāĨ¤
earth[/ÉËrθ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§
Alt: āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋ
Example: We live on the earth.
Syn: world, groundAnt: sky, heaven
đĄ Exam tip: On earth āĻāĻŦāĻ from earth to skyâāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ prepositional phraseāĨ¤
road[/roĘd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϰāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻž
Alt: āϝāĻžāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĨ
Example: The road leads from the village to the town.
Syn: way, streetAnt: dead end
đĄ Exam tip: Road āĻāĻŦāĻ street āĻāĻāĻ āύāϝāĻŧ; road āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϝāĻžāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻĒāĻĨāĨ¤
rainbow[/ËreÉĒnboĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϰāĻāϧāύā§
Alt: āĻŦā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻšā§ āϰāĻā§āϰ āϧāύā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϞā§
Example: A rainbow appeared after the rain.
Syn: arc, coloured arcAnt: darkness
đĄ Exam tip: Rainbow āĻšāϞ⧠rain + bow āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ compound nounāĨ¤
nature[/ËneÉĒtĘÉr/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻāϤā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻ āĻā§āĻŦāĻāĻā§
Example: Nature is full of beauty.
Syn: environment, creationAnt: artificiality
đĄ Exam tip: Natural āĻšāϞ⧠nature-āĻāϰ adjective formāĨ¤
beauty[/ËbjuËti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ
Alt: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŖ
Example: The beauty of the sky attracts everyone.
Syn: loveliness, graceAnt: ugliness
đĄ Exam tip: Beauty-āĻāϰ adjective beautiful āĻāĻŦāĻ adverb beautifullyāĨ¤
3. Actions and Movement â āĻāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻāϤāĻŋ (8 words)
float[/floĘt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāϏāĻž
Alt: āĻāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĄā§āĻŦā§ āύāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: The cloud floats across the sky.
Syn: drift, glideAnt: sink
đĄ Exam tip: Float-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ sinkāĨ¤
cross[/krÉËs/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: We cross the bridge every morning.
Syn: pass over, traverseAnt: remain
đĄ Exam tip: Crossing āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ noun āĻŦāĻž present participle āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
overtop[/ËoĘvÉrËtÉËp/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: The tower overtops all the trees.
Syn: surpass, rise aboveAnt: fall below
đĄ Exam tip: Overtop-āĻ over āĻāĻĒāϏāϰā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
build[/bÉĒld/]verbeasy
Meaning: āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ āύ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Workers build bridges over rivers.
Syn: construct, makeAnt: destroy, demolish
đĄ Exam tip: Build-āĻāϰ past āĻ past participle āĻšāϞ⧠builtāĨ¤
lead[/liËd/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĨ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: This road leads to the river.
Syn: guide, directAnt: mislead
đĄ Exam tip: Lead-āĻāϰ past tense āĻšāϞ⧠led; āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ lead /liËd/ āĻāĻŦāĻ led /led/ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĨ¤
sail[/seÉĒl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāϞ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ⧠āύā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĒāϰā§āĻĻāĻž
Example: The white sail moved in the wind.
Syn: canvas, sheetAnt: anchor
đĄ Exam tip: Sail noun āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϞ, verb āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϞ āϤā§āϞ⧠āĻāϞāĻžāĨ¤
overtake[/ËoĘvÉrËteÉĒk/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻ
āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The rainbow seems to overtake the trees.
Syn: pass, surpassAnt: follow
đĄ Exam tip: Overtake-āĻāϰ past tense āĻšāϞ⧠overtook āĻāĻŦāĻ past participle overtakenāĨ¤
rise[/raÉĒz/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ āĻž
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The sun rises in the east.
Syn: ascend, go upAnt: fall, sink
đĄ Exam tip: Rise āύāĻŋāĻā§ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ; raise āĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāύā§āĨ¤
4. Descriptions and Comparisons â āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ āϤā§āϞāύāĻž (8 words)
beautiful[/ËbjuËtÉĒfÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
Alt: āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻŽ
Example: The rainbow is beautiful.
Syn: lovely, attractiveAnt: ugly
đĄ Exam tip: Beautiful āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ⧠e-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠au āĻĨāĻžāĻā§; beautifull āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āϞāĨ¤
pretty[/ËprÉĒti/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāϰā§āώāĻŖā§āϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻāϤā§
Example: The bridge is as pretty as you please.
Syn: charming, pleasantAnt: plain, ugly
đĄ Exam tip: As pretty as you please āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻā§āĻŦ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāϤ⧠āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĨ¤
far[/fÉËr/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āϰā§
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻĻā§āϰāϤā§āĻŦā§
Example: The village is far from the town.
Syn: distantly, awayAnt: near
đĄ Exam tip: Far-āĻāϰ comparative farther āĻŦāĻž further āĻāĻŦāĻ superlative farthest āĻŦāĻž furthestāĨ¤
high[/haÉĒ/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻā§
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāϰ⧠āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ
Example: The bird flies high in the sky.
Syn: tall, elevatedAnt: low
đĄ Exam tip: High-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ low; height āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāϰ noun formāĨ¤
tall[/tÉËl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻā§
Alt: āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ
Example: That is a tall tree.
Syn: high, loftyAnt: short
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āĻ āϏāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠tall āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
wide[/waÉĒd/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāϏā§āϤ
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ
Example: The river is wide during the rainy season.
Syn: broad, expansiveAnt: narrow
đĄ Exam tip: Wide-āĻāϰ noun form width āĻāĻŦāĻ adverb form widelyāĨ¤
pleasant[/ËplezÉnt/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻŽ
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻāĻāϰ
Example: We enjoyed a pleasant boat ride.
Syn: agreeable, delightfulAnt: unpleasant
đĄ Exam tip: Pleasant-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ unpleasant; pleasant-āĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§ā§ e-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠a āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
magnificent[/mÃĻÉĄËnÉĒfÉĒsÉnt/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻāĻŽāĻāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ
Example: The view of the rainbow was magnificent.
Syn: splendid, grandAnt: ordinary, poor
đĄ Exam tip: Magnificent āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻŽāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
5. Useful Phrases and Expressions â āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻā§āĻ (8 words)
across the sky[/ÉËkrÉËs Ã°É skaÉĒ/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤā§
Alt: āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§
Example: Dark clouds moved across the sky.
Syn: over the sky, through the skyAnt: under the ground
đĄ Exam tip: Across āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
on the rivers[/Én Ã°É ËrÉĒvÉrz/]adveasy
Meaning: āύāĻĻā§āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻĻā§āϤā§
Alt: āύāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϞ⧠āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§
Example: Small boats sail on the rivers.
Syn: in the rivers, over the riversAnt: on land
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāϞāĻĒā§āώā§āĻ ā§ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠on āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
as pretty as you please[/ÃĻz ËprÉĒti ÃĻz juË pliËz/]advhard
Meaning: āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
Alt: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻĨā§āώā§āĻ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
Example: The garden is as pretty as you please.
Syn: very beautiful, extremely lovelyAnt: very ugly
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ idiomatic expression; āĻāĻā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āύāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
from earth to sky[/frÉm ÉËrθ tÉ skaÉĒ/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāϰā§
Example: The tall tower seems to reach from earth to sky.
Syn: upward, all the way upAnt: from sky to earth
đĄ Exam tip: From ... to ... āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻŽāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
far prettier than[/fÉËr ËprÉĒtiÉr ðÃĻn/]advmedium
Meaning: āϤā§āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻ āĻŽāύā§āϰāĻŽ
Example: The rainbow is far prettier than the bridge.
Syn: much more beautiful than, more lovely thanAnt: less beautiful than
đĄ Exam tip: Far comparative adjective prettier-āĻā§ āĻā§āϰāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤
bridge heaven[/brÉĒdĘ ËhevÉn/]verbhard
Meaning: āϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāĻļāĻā§ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āϧāύā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The rainbow appears to bridge heaven.
Syn: span the sky, connect heavenAnt: separate
đĄ Exam tip: Poem-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧠bow that bridges heaven āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠rainbow āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
sail across[/seÉĒl ÉËkrÉËs/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāϞ āϤā§āϞ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻāϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϞāĻž
Example: The boat sailed across the lake.
Syn: travel across, glide acrossAnt: stay
đĄ Exam tip: Sail across-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāϞāĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
overtop the trees[/ËoĘvÉrËtÉËp Ã°É triËz/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻā§āϤ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: The rainbow overtops the trees.
Syn: rise above the trees, tower over the treesAnt: remain below the trees
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠overtop āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ verb āĻāĻŦāĻ trees āĻšāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ objectāĨ¤
6. Exam and Grammar Support â āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž (8 words)
poet[/ËpoĘÉĒt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŦāĻŋ
Alt: āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āϞā§āĻā§āύ
Example: Christina Rossetti was a famous poet.
Syn: versifier, writerAnt: reader
đĄ Exam tip: Poet āĻĒā§āϰā§āώ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
poem[/ËpoĘÉm/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻāύā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻāϰā§āĻŽ
Example: We read a poem about nature.
Syn: verse, poetryAnt: prose
đĄ Exam tip: Poem āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž; poetry āĻšāϞ⧠āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĨ¤
stanza[/ËstÃĻnzÉ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļ
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻā§âāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āĻāĻļ
Example: The poem has two stanzas.
Syn: verse, sectionAnt: whole poem
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ stanza āĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻŋ line āĻāĻā§āĨ¤
line[/laÉĒn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻā§âāĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻžāϰāĻŋ
Example: The first line begins with the word Boats.
Syn: verse, rowAnt: paragraph
đĄ Exam tip: Poem-āĻāϰ line āĻā§āύ⧠short question-āĻāϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
bow[/boĘ/]nounhard
Meaning: āϧāύā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϰāĻāϧāύā§
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āϧāύā§āĻ
Example: The bow that bridges heaven is the rainbow.
Syn: arc, curveAnt: straight line
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ bow āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠rainbow āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻāϧāύ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§, āĻ
āϏā§āϤā§āϰā§āϰ āϧāύā§āĻ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
compare[/kÉmËper/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ-āĻ
āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The poet compares the rainbow with boats and bridges.
Syn: contrast, likenAnt: ignore
đĄ Exam tip: Compare-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ with āĻŦāĻž to āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ: compare A with BāĨ¤
overtop[/ËoĘvÉrËtÉËp/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ
āϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The rainbow overtops the trees.
Syn: tower over, surmountAnt: underlie
đĄ Exam tip: Poem-āĻāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ stanza-āϤ⧠āĻāĻ verb-āĻāĻŋ āϰāĻāϧāύā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
recite[/rÉĒËsaÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŽā§āĻāϏā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: The students recite the poem together.
Syn: repeat, declaimAnt: remain silent
đĄ Exam tip: Recite-āĻāϰ noun āĻšāϞ⧠recitation; poem recitation āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ boats āύāĻĻā§āϤā§, ships āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ clouds āĻāĻāĻžāĻļā§ sail āĻāϰā§âāĻāĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋāϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
âĸ The bow that bridges heaven āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠rainbow āĻŦāĻž āϰāĻāϧāύ⧠āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
âĸ Poem-āĻ prettier āĻāĻŦāĻ far prettier comparative degree-āĻāϰ āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĨ¤
âĸ As pretty as you please āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ idiom; āĻāϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰāĨ¤
âĸ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ stanza-āϤ⧠boats, ships āĻ clouds-āĻāϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ stanza-āϤ⧠bridges āĻ rainbow-āĻāϰ āϤā§āϞāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
âĸ On the rivers, on the seas āĻāĻŦāĻ across the skyâpreposition-āϏāĻš phrase-āĻā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤
âĸ Sail, float, cross, build āĻāĻŦāĻ overtop-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻž āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻļā§āϞāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
âĸ Question-answer āϞāĻŋāĻāϞ⧠poet-āĻāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ Christina Georgina Rossetti āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤
âĸ Bow āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻā§; āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ rainbow āĻŦāĻž āϧāύā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āϰāĻāϧāύā§āĨ¤
âĸ Short answer-āĻ âWhat is prettier than boats and ships?â āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻšāĻŦā§ âClouds that sail across the sky are prettier.â