ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six - Wonders of the world-1 - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Wonders of the world-1

📚 Vocabulary

ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

pyramidtombancientpharaohmarbleemperortokenarchitectureartisancraftsmanwonderuniversallyadmireincrediblelatticeiconascendmonumentconsideraccessremaindesignbuildcomplete

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add -tion to construct to form construction, meaning নির্মাণ.

► Add -ure to exist to form existence, meaning অস্তিত্ব.

► Add -al to culture to form cultural, meaning সাংস্কৃতিক.

► Add -ly to universal to form universally, meaning সর্বজনীনভাবে.

► Add -able to recognise to form recognisable, meaning শনাক্তযোগ্য.

► Add -or to visit to form visitor, meaning দর্শনার্থী.

► The past and past participle form of build is built.

► The past form of die is died; death is its noun form.

► Fine, finer and finest are the positive, comparative and superlative forms.

► Combine design and build when describing the creation of a structure.

1. Ancient Egyptian Pyramids (9 words)

pyramid[/ˈpɪrəmɪd/]nouneasy

Meaning: পিরামিড; ত্রিভুজাকার বিশাল স্থাপনা

Alt: প্রাচীন মিশরের সমাধিসৌধ

Example: The pyramids are huge tombs for the ancient kings of Egypt.

Syn: monumentAnt: hut

💡 Exam tip: Remember that a pyramid is a huge tomb or monument with a pointed top.

tomb[/tuːm/]nounmedium

Meaning: সমাধি; কবর

Alt: মৃতদেহ রাখার কক্ষ বা স্থাপনা

Example: The Taj Mahal is a beautiful marble tomb.

Syn: grave, sepulchreAnt: birthplace

💡 Exam tip: Tomb means a large or permanent place where a dead person is buried.

ancient[/ˈeɪnʃənt/]adjeasy

Meaning: প্রাচীন

Alt: অত্যন্ত পুরোনো

Example: The pyramids were built for the ancient kings of Egypt.

Syn: old, antiqueAnt: modern, new

💡 Exam tip: Ancient is the opposite of modern.

king[/kɪŋ/]nouneasy

Meaning: রাজা

Alt: একটি রাজ্যের পুরুষ শাসক

Example: The king ordered his people to build a great monument.

Syn: ruler, monarchAnt: subject

💡 Exam tip: The feminine form of king is queen.

queen[/kwiːn/]nouneasy

Meaning: রানি

Alt: একটি রাজ্যের নারী শাসক বা রাজার স্ত্রী

Example: The pyramids were built for ancient kings and queens.

Syn: empress, monarchAnt: subject

💡 Exam tip: Use kings and queens together when discussing royal rulers.

pharaoh[/ˈfeərəʊ/]nounmedium

Meaning: ফারাও; প্রাচীন মিশরের রাজা

Alt: প্রাচীন মিশরের শাসক

Example: The Egyptian pharaohs built magnificent pyramids.

Syn: ruler, kingAnt: commoner

💡 Exam tip: Pharaoh refers especially to an ancient Egyptian king.

construction[/kənˈstrʌkʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: নির্মাণ

Alt: কোনো স্থাপনা তৈরির কাজ

Example: The construction of the pyramids took many years.

Syn: building, developmentAnt: destruction

💡 Exam tip: Construction is the noun form of construct.

famous[/ˈfeɪməs/]adjeasy

Meaning: বিখ্যাত

Alt: অনেকের কাছে পরিচিত ও সম্মানিত

Example: The Giza pyramids are the most famous pyramids.

Syn: well-known, notedAnt: unknown, obscure

💡 Exam tip: Famous means well-known, not necessarily good or bad.

Giza[/ˈɡiːzə/]nounmedium

Meaning: গিজা; মিশরের একটি স্থান

Alt: কায়রোর নিকটবর্তী ঐতিহাসিক এলাকা

Example: Giza is a place near Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

Syn: site

💡 Exam tip: The Giza pyramids are located near Cairo.

2. The Taj Mahal and Its History (8 words)

marble[/ˈmɑːrbəl/]nouneasy

Meaning: মার্বেল; একধরনের শক্ত পাথর

Alt: স্থাপনা তৈরিতে ব্যবহৃত মসৃণ পাথর

Example: The Taj Mahal is a white marble tomb.

Syn: stone

💡 Exam tip: The Taj Mahal is especially famous for its white marble.

emperor[/ˈempərər/]nouneasy

Meaning: সম্রাট

Alt: একটি সাম্রাজ্যের শাসক

Example: Shah Jahan was a Mughal emperor.

Syn: monarch, rulerAnt: subject

💡 Exam tip: The feminine form of emperor is empress.

wife[/waɪf/]nouneasy

Meaning: স্ত্রী

Alt: বিবাহিত নারী

Example: Shah Jahan loved his wife Mumtaz Mahal deeply.

Syn: spouse, partnerAnt: husband

💡 Exam tip: The plural of wife is wives.

love[/lʌv/]nouneasy

Meaning: ভালোবাসা

Alt: গভীর স্নেহ ও মমতা

Example: Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a token of love.

Syn: affection, devotionAnt: hatred

💡 Exam tip: Love can be used as both a noun and a verb.

die[/daɪ/]verbeasy

Meaning: মারা যাওয়া

Alt: জীবন শেষ হওয়া

Example: Mumtaz died at an early age.

Syn: pass away, perishAnt: live, survive

💡 Exam tip: The past form of die is died, not dead.

death[/deθ/]nouneasy

Meaning: মৃত্যু

Alt: জীবনের সমাপ্তি

Example: Shah Jahan was shocked at her death.

Syn: demise, passingAnt: birth, life

💡 Exam tip: Death is the noun form of die.

shocked[/ʃɒkt/]adjmedium

Meaning: মর্মাহত; হতবাক

Alt: হঠাৎ দুঃখ বা বিস্ময়ে খুব বিচলিত

Example: Shah Jahan was very shocked at Mumtaz's death.

Syn: astonished, distressedAnt: calm, unmoved

💡 Exam tip: Shocked describes a strong sudden emotional reaction.

token[/ˈtəʊkən/]nounmedium

Meaning: নিদর্শন; স্মারক

Alt: কোনো অনুভূতির প্রতীক

Example: The Taj Mahal was built as a token of love.

Syn: symbol, signAnt: rejection

💡 Exam tip: The phrase token of love is important for sentence completion.

3. Facts about the Taj Mahal (8 words)

area[/ˈeəriə/]nouneasy

Meaning: আয়তন; এলাকা

Alt: কোনো স্থানের পরিমাণ বা বিস্তৃতি

Example: The Taj Mahal has an area of about 1003 acres.

Syn: size, regionAnt: point

💡 Exam tip: Area is commonly followed by of when giving measurement.

acre[/ˈeɪkər/]nounmedium

Meaning: একর

Alt: জমি মাপার একক

Example: The Taj Mahal covers about 1003 acres.

Syn: land unit

💡 Exam tip: An acre is a unit of land measurement.

hectare[/ˈhekteər/]nounmedium

Meaning: হেক্টর

Alt: ভূমির ক্ষেত্রফল মাপার একক

Example: The area of the Taj Mahal is about 405 hectares.

Syn: land unit

💡 Exam tip: One hectare is a metric unit used to measure land.

architecture[/ˈɑːrkɪtektʃər/]nounmedium

Meaning: স্থাপত্য

Alt: ভবন নকশা ও নির্মাণের শিল্প

Example: The Taj Mahal is a fine example of Mughal architecture.

Syn: design, building artAnt: demolition

💡 Exam tip: Architecture means the art or style of designing buildings.

combine[/kəmˈbaɪn/]verbmedium

Meaning: একত্র করা; সমন্বয় করা

Alt: বিভিন্ন জিনিস মিলিয়ে দেওয়া

Example: The Taj combines the art of Persia, Turkey and India.

Syn: unite, mergeAnt: separate, divide

💡 Exam tip: Combine is followed by with when showing things brought together.

Persia[/ˈpɜːrʒə/]nounmedium

Meaning: পারস্য

Alt: ইরানের প্রাচীন নাম

Example: Persian art influenced the design of the Taj Mahal.

Syn: Iran

💡 Exam tip: Persia is the historical name of modern Iran.

artisan[/ˌɑːrtɪˈzæn/]nounhard

Meaning: কারুশিল্পী

Alt: দক্ষ হাতে কাজ করা শিল্পী

Example: Thousands of artisans helped to complete the Taj Mahal.

Syn: craftsperson, artistAnt: amateur

💡 Exam tip: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.

craftsman[/ˈkræftsmən/]nounmedium

Meaning: দক্ষ কারিগর

Alt: হাতে কাজ করা দক্ষ ব্যক্তি

Example: Many craftsmen worked on the beautiful monument.

Syn: artisan, skilled workerAnt: unskilled worker

💡 Exam tip: The plural form is craftsmen.

4. Wonders and Descriptions (8 words)

wonder[/ˈwʌndər/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিস্ময়কর জিনিস

Alt: অসাধারণ স্থাপনা বা ঘটনা

Example: The Taj Mahal is one of the wonders of the world.

Syn: marvel, miracleAnt: ordinary thing

💡 Exam tip: The phrase wonder of the world is frequently tested.

universally[/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsəli/]advhard

Meaning: সর্বজনীনভাবে

Alt: সারা বিশ্বে বা সকলের দ্বারা

Example: The Taj Mahal is universally admired.

Syn: worldwide, generallyAnt: partially

💡 Exam tip: Universally modifies a verb or adjective and means by everyone.

admire[/ədˈmaɪər/]verbeasy

Meaning: প্রশংসা করা

Alt: মুগ্ধ হয়ে সম্মান করা

Example: People from all over the world admire the Taj Mahal.

Syn: praise, appreciateAnt: criticise, dislike

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is admirable, meaning worthy of praise.

finest[/ˈfaɪnɪst/]adjeasy

Meaning: সর্বোৎকৃষ্ট

Alt: সবচেয়ে ভালো বা সুন্দর

Example: The Taj Mahal is the finest example of Mughal architecture.

Syn: best, superbAnt: worst, poorest

💡 Exam tip: Finest is the superlative form of fine.

existence[/ɪɡˈzɪstəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: অস্তিত্ব

Alt: বিদ্যমান থাকার অবস্থা

Example: The Great Pyramid is the only one of the ancient wonders still in existence.

Syn: being, presenceAnt: nonexistence

💡 Exam tip: Existence is the noun form of exist.

incredible[/ɪnˈkredəbəl/]adjeasy

Meaning: অবিশ্বাস্য

Alt: খুবই আশ্চর্যজনক

Example: The wonders of the modern world are also incredible.

Syn: amazing, unbelievableAnt: believable, ordinary

💡 Exam tip: Incredible can mean both amazing and difficult to believe.

amazing[/əˈmeɪzɪŋ/]adjeasy

Meaning: বিস্ময়কর

Alt: অত্যন্ত চমৎকার

Example: The ancient monuments are amazing.

Syn: wonderful, astonishingAnt: boring, ordinary

💡 Exam tip: Amazing is often used to express admiration.

superstructure[/ˈsuːpərstrʌktʃər/]nounhard

Meaning: বিশাল কাঠামো

Alt: একটি বড় নির্মিত স্থাপনা

Example: The wonders of the past were huge superstructures.

Syn: structure, monumentAnt: small shelter

💡 Exam tip: Superstructure means a large or impressive constructed building.

5. The Eiffel Tower (8 words)

lattice[/ˈlætɪs/]nounhard

Meaning: জালিকাময় কাঠামো

Alt: ক্রস করা সরু দণ্ডের নকশা

Example: The Eiffel Tower is a lattice tower in Paris.

Syn: framework, gridAnt: solid block

💡 Exam tip: Lattice describes the open framework of the Eiffel Tower.

tower[/ˈtaʊər/]nouneasy

Meaning: মিনার; উঁচু স্থাপনা

Alt: লম্বা ও সরু ভবন বা কাঠামো

Example: The Eiffel Tower stands in Paris.

Syn: steeple, monumentAnt: pit

💡 Exam tip: Tower is both a noun and a verb.

culture[/ˈkʌltʃər/]nounmedium

Meaning: সংস্কৃতি

Alt: কোনো জাতির শিল্প, রীতি ও জীবনধারা

Example: The Eiffel Tower is a cultural icon of France.

Syn: tradition, heritageAnt: barbarism

💡 Exam tip: Cultural is the adjective form of culture.

icon[/ˈaɪkɒn/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রতীক

Alt: কোনো দেশ বা বিষয়ের বিখ্যাত প্রতিচিহ্ন

Example: The Eiffel Tower is a cultural icon of France.

Syn: symbol, emblemAnt: unknown object

💡 Exam tip: An icon is a well-known symbol representing something.

recognisable[/ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbəl/]adjhard

Meaning: সহজে চেনা যায় এমন

Alt: পরিচিত বা শনাক্তযোগ্য

Example: It is one of the most recognisable structures in the world.

Syn: identifiable, familiarAnt: unrecognisable

💡 Exam tip: Recognisable is the British spelling; recognizable is the American spelling.

ascend[/əˈsend/]verbmedium

Meaning: উপরে ওঠা

Alt: উঁচু স্থানে আরোহণ করা

Example: Millions of people ascend the Eiffel Tower every year.

Syn: climb, riseAnt: descend, fall

💡 Exam tip: Ascend is the opposite of descend.

monument[/ˈmɒnjəmənt/]nouneasy

Meaning: স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ

Alt: গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ব্যক্তি বা ঘটনার স্মারক স্থাপনা

Example: The Eiffel Tower is a popular monument in Paris.

Syn: memorial, landmarkAnt: ordinary building

💡 Exam tip: A monument is built to remember a person, event or achievement.

level[/ˈlevəl/]nouneasy

Meaning: তলা; স্তর

Alt: উচ্চতার একটি নির্দিষ্ট ধাপ

Example: The tower has three levels for visitors.

Syn: storey, floorAnt: depth

💡 Exam tip: In the passage, level means a floor or section of the tower.

6. Verbs, Access and Construction (9 words)

consider[/kənˈsɪdər/]verbmedium

Meaning: মনে করা; বিবেচনা করা

Alt: কোনো মতামত গ্রহণ করা

Example: The Eiffel Tower is considered a cultural icon of France.

Syn: regard, viewAnt: ignore

💡 Exam tip: The passive structure is is considered, meaning is regarded as.

stand[/stænd/]verbeasy

Meaning: দাঁড়িয়ে থাকা

Alt: কোনো স্থানে অবস্থিত থাকা

Example: The Eiffel Tower stands in Paris.

Syn: remain, be situatedAnt: fall, lie

💡 Exam tip: In descriptions, stand can mean be situated or remain upright.

visit[/ˈvɪzɪt/]verbeasy

Meaning: পরিদর্শন করা

Alt: কোনো স্থানে বেড়াতে যাওয়া

Example: Millions of tourists visit the tower every year.

Syn: tour, seeAnt: avoid

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is visitor or visit.

visitor[/ˈvɪzɪtər/]nouneasy

Meaning: দর্শনার্থী

Alt: যে ব্যক্তি কোনো স্থান দেখতে যায়

Example: A visitor has to walk over 300 steps.

Syn: tourist, guestAnt: resident

💡 Exam tip: Visitor is formed from visit by adding -or.

access[/ˈækses/]verbmedium

Meaning: প্রবেশ করা

Alt: কোনো স্থান বা তথ্য ব্যবহারের সুযোগ পাওয়া

Example: The highest level can be accessed only by lift.

Syn: enter, reachAnt: leave, exit

💡 Exam tip: Can be accessed is a passive structure meaning can be reached.

remain[/rɪˈmeɪn/]verbmedium

Meaning: থেকে যাওয়া

Alt: একই অবস্থায় থাকা

Example: The distance remains the same between the first and second levels.

Syn: stay, continueAnt: depart, change

💡 Exam tip: Remain is often followed by an adjective, such as remain the same.

design[/dɪˈzaɪn/]verbeasy

Meaning: নকশা করা

Alt: কোনো স্থাপনার পরিকল্পনা তৈরি করা

Example: Gustave Eiffel's company designed the tower.

Syn: plan, createAnt: destroy

💡 Exam tip: Design can be used as both a noun and a verb.

build[/bɪld/]verbeasy

Meaning: নির্মাণ করা

Alt: তৈরি করা

Example: His company designed and built the tower.

Syn: construct, makeAnt: demolish, destroy

💡 Exam tip: The past and past participle forms of build are built.

complete[/kəmˈpliːt/]verbeasy

Meaning: সম্পূর্ণ করা

Alt: কাজ শেষ করা

Example: It took twenty-one years to complete the Taj Mahal.

Syn: finish, concludeAnt: begin, incomplete

💡 Exam tip: Complete is also an adjective meaning পুরোপুরি সম্পূর্ণ.

💡 Exam Tips

• Use ancient as the opposite of modern and ascend as the opposite of descend.

• For factual questions, remember that the Taj Mahal is in Agra, India, and the Eiffel Tower is in Paris, France.

• The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan as a token of love for Mumtaz Mahal.

• The Taj Mahal took 21 years and thousands of artisans and craftsmen to complete.

• The Taj Mahal has an area of about 1003 acres or 405 hectares.

• Use passive voice in sentences such as The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889 and The tower is named after Gustave Eiffel.

• Use has or is with singular subjects: The tower has three levels; It is considered a cultural icon.

• Remember the sequence: ground level, first level, second level and third level.

• In gap filling, use the correct tense: was built, is considered, ascend, has, has to, remains, accessed, named, designed and built.

• The phrase wonders of the world refers to exceptionally remarkable structures or places.

ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six - Wonders of the world-1 - Vocabulary

Chapter: Wonders of the world-1

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