Chapter: Make your snacks
📚 Vocabulary
ENGLISH FOR TODAY Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
ingredientrecipepreparespreadarrangeservehandlechopsliceboilbeatpourstirfryheatthickenomelettefillingcarefullyfinally
📃 Word Formation Rules
► Add -ly to an adjective to form an adverb: careful → carefully, final → finally, thin → thinly.
► Add -ed to many verbs to form past forms or participles: boil → boiled, fry → fried, prepare → prepared.
► Change y to i before adding -ed when the verb ends in consonant + y: fry → fried.
► Add -en to an adjective to form a verb: thick → thicken.
► Add -ing to a verb to form a gerund or present participle: fill → filling, cook → cooking.
► Use noun compounds to form kitchen vocabulary: recipe + book → recipe book, frying + pan → frying pan.
► Use -ness to form an abstract noun from an adjective: ready → readiness.
► Use -ity to form a noun showing a state or quality: varied → variety.
1. Ingredients and Food Items (8 words)
ingredient[/ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: উপকরণ; খাবার তৈরিতে ব্যবহৃত কোনো উপাদান
Alt: a part of a mixture or recipe
Example: Egg is an important ingredient in an omelette.
Syn: component
💡 Exam tip: Remember: ingredient means an item used to prepare food.
bread[/bred/]nouneasy
Meaning: রুটি; পাউরুটি
Alt: a baked food made from flour
Example: Take two slices of bread for the sandwich.
Syn: loaf
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is usually bread, not breads, when referring to food.
cucumber[/ˈkjuːkʌmbər/]nouneasy
Meaning: শসা
Alt: a long green vegetable
Example: Arrange slices of cucumber on the egg.
💡 Exam tip: Learn its spelling carefully: cucumber.
tomato[/təˈmɑːtəʊ/]nouneasy
Meaning: টমেটো
Alt: a soft red fruit used as a vegetable
Example: Add one tomato to the sandwich.
💡 Exam tip: The plural is tomatoes.
lettuce[/ˈletɪs/]nouneasy
Meaning: লেটুস পাতা
Alt: a leafy green vegetable used in salads and sandwiches
Example: Lettuce makes the sandwich fresh and tasty.
💡 Exam tip: Lettuce is an uncountable noun when referring to the vegetable generally.
cheese[/tʃiːz/]nouneasy
Meaning: পনির; চিজ
Alt: a food made from milk
Example: Put a slice of cheese on the bread.
💡 Exam tip: Use a slice of cheese, not a piece of cheese, in this recipe context.
mayonnaise[/ˌmeɪəˈneɪz/]nounmedium
Meaning: মেয়োনিজ
Alt: a thick sauce made from oil and eggs
Example: You can use mayonnaise instead of butter.
Syn: sauce
💡 Exam tip: Mayonnaise is generally treated as an uncountable noun.
filling[/ˈfɪlɪŋ/]nounmedium
Meaning: পুর; খাবারের ভেতরের উপাদান
Alt: food placed inside bread or pastry
Example: You may choose different fillings for your sandwich.
Syn: stuffing
💡 Exam tip: Filling can also mean something that makes a person feel full.
2. Cooking Actions (8 words)
spread[/spred/]verbeasy
Meaning: মাখানো; ছড়িয়ে দেওয়া
Alt: to cover a surface with a thin layer
Example: Spread the butter on one side of each slice.
Syn: smearAnt: collect
💡 Exam tip: The past form of spread is also spread.
arrange[/əˈreɪndʒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: সাজানো; বিন্যস্ত করা
Alt: to put things in a particular order
Example: Arrange the cucumber slices on the egg.
Syn: organizeAnt: disarrange
💡 Exam tip: Arrange is often followed by an object: arrange the slices.
place[/pleɪs/]verbeasy
Meaning: রাখা
Alt: to put something in a particular position
Example: Place the other slice of bread on top.
Syn: putAnt: remove
💡 Exam tip: Place is a more formal synonym of put.
serve[/sɜːrv/]verbeasy
Meaning: পরিবেশন করা
Alt: to give food or drink to someone
Example: Cut the sandwich into halves and serve it.
Syn: offerAnt: withhold
💡 Exam tip: Serve can be used both for presenting food and helping people.
handle[/ˈhændəl/]verbmedium
Meaning: ব্যবহার বা সামলানো
Alt: to touch, use, or control something carefully
Example: Be careful when you handle a sharp knife.
Syn: manageAnt: neglect
💡 Exam tip: Handle a knife means use or hold a knife carefully.
prepare[/prɪˈpeər/]verbeasy
Meaning: প্রস্তুত করা
Alt: to make food or get something ready
Example: Wash the vegetables before preparing the snack.
Syn: makeAnt: neglect
💡 Exam tip: Preparation is the noun form of prepare.
chop[/tʃɒp/]verbeasy
Meaning: কুচি কুচি করে কাটা
Alt: to cut something into small pieces
Example: Chop the onion and green chilli thinly.
Syn: cutAnt: join
💡 Exam tip: Chop means cut into pieces, while slice means cut into thin flat pieces.
slice[/slaɪs/]verbeasy
Meaning: পাতলা টুকরা করে কাটা
Alt: to cut into thin pieces
Example: Slice the cucumber and tomato carefully.
Syn: cutAnt: join
💡 Exam tip: Slice can be both a verb and a noun.
3. Omelette and Noodle Recipe (8 words)
omelette[/ˈɒmlət/]nouneasy
Meaning: ডিমের অমলেট
Alt: a dish made by cooking beaten eggs
Example: Your omelette is ready after a few minutes.
Syn: egg dish
💡 Exam tip: An omelette is made mainly with beaten eggs.
boil[/bɔɪl/]verbeasy
Meaning: সেদ্ধ করা; ফুটানো
Alt: to cook in very hot water
Example: Boil the egg before putting it in the sandwich.
Syn: cookAnt: freeze
💡 Exam tip: Boil may mean cook in water or reach the boiling point.
beat[/biːt/]verbmedium
Meaning: ফেটানো
Alt: to mix eggs quickly with a fork or whisk
Example: Beat the eggs well with a fork.
Syn: whiskAnt: separate
💡 Exam tip: The past form of beat is also beat; the past participle is beaten.
pour[/pɔːr/]verbeasy
Meaning: ঢালা
Alt: to make a liquid flow from one container to another
Example: Pour the egg mixture into the hot pan.
Syn: spillAnt: retain
💡 Exam tip: Pour is commonly followed by into: pour water into a pot.
stir[/stɜːr/]verbeasy
Meaning: নাড়ানো
Alt: to mix a liquid or food with a spoon
Example: Stir the noodles gently with a spoon.
Syn: mixAnt: leave
💡 Exam tip: Stir gently is a useful instruction in recipes.
fry[/fraɪ/]verbeasy
Meaning: ভাজা
Alt: to cook food in hot oil or fat
Example: Fry the egg in a little oil.
Syn: cookAnt: boil
💡 Exam tip: The past form of fry is fried.
heat[/hiːt/]verbeasy
Meaning: গরম করা
Alt: to make something hot
Example: Heat the oil before adding the mixture.
Syn: warmAnt: cool
💡 Exam tip: Heat can be both a noun and a verb.
thicken[/ˈθɪkən/]verbmedium
Meaning: ঘন হওয়া বা করা
Alt: to become or make less liquid
Example: Leave the mixture until it thickens.
Syn: solidifyAnt: thin
💡 Exam tip: Thicken is formed from the adjective thick with the suffix -en.
4. Kitchen Tools and Places (8 words)
bowl[/bəʊl/]nouneasy
Meaning: বাটি
Alt: a round container used for holding food
Example: Break the eggs in a small bowl.
Syn: dish
💡 Exam tip: A bowl is deeper than a plate.
fork[/fɔːrk/]nouneasy
Meaning: কাঁটা চামচ
Alt: a tool with several pointed ends for eating or mixing
Example: Beat the eggs with a fork.
Syn: utensil
💡 Exam tip: Fork is also used as a verb meaning to divide into branches.
spoon[/spuːn/]nouneasy
Meaning: চামচ
Alt: a utensil used for eating or stirring
Example: Stir the noodles with a spoon.
Syn: utensil
💡 Exam tip: A flat spoon is used to turn the omelette.
pan[/pæn/]nouneasy
Meaning: কড়াই বা ফ্রাইং প্যান
Alt: a shallow container used for cooking
Example: Put the oil in a frying pan.
Syn: skillet
💡 Exam tip: Frying pan is a common compound noun.
pot[/pɒt/]nouneasy
Meaning: হাঁড়ি বা পাত্র
Alt: a deep container used for cooking
Example: Put the pot on the stove.
Syn: saucepan
💡 Exam tip: Pot is usually deeper than pan.
stove[/stəʊv/]nouneasy
Meaning: চুলা
Alt: an appliance used for cooking
Example: Place the pot on the stove.
Syn: cooker
💡 Exam tip: Stove and cooker are common kitchen words.
knife[/naɪf/]nouneasy
Meaning: ছুরি
Alt: a sharp tool used for cutting
Example: Use a sharp knife carefully.
Syn: cutter
💡 Exam tip: The plural of knife is knives.
recipe[/ˈresəpi/]nounmedium
Meaning: রন্ধনপ্রণালি; রান্নার নির্দেশনা
Alt: a set of instructions for preparing food
Example: Mrs Ahmed reads a recipe from a recipe book.
Syn: instructions
💡 Exam tip: A recipe usually includes ingredients and methods.
5. Sequence and Instruction Words (8 words)
first[/fɜːrst/]adveasy
Meaning: প্রথমে
Alt: before anything else
Example: First, take two slices of bread.
Syn: initiallyAnt: finally
💡 Exam tip: First introduces the first step of a process.
then[/ðen/]adveasy
Meaning: তারপর
Alt: after that; next
Example: Then, put a slice of cheese on the bread.
Syn: afterwardsAnt: before
💡 Exam tip: Then shows the next action in a sequence.
afterward[/ˈɑːftərwərd/]advmedium
Meaning: পরে
Alt: at a later time
Example: Afterward, serve the sandwich to your family.
Syn: laterAnt: beforehand
💡 Exam tip: Afterward and afterwards have the same meaning.
next[/nekst/]adveasy
Meaning: পরবর্তী ধাপে
Alt: immediately after the present step
Example: Next, arrange the tomato slices on the egg.
Syn: afterwardsAnt: previously
💡 Exam tip: Next is useful for listing instructions.
later[/ˈleɪtər/]adveasy
Meaning: পরে
Alt: after some time
Example: Later, place the remaining bread on top.
Syn: afterwardAnt: earlier
💡 Exam tip: Later can refer to a later step or time.
finally[/ˈfaɪnəli/]adveasy
Meaning: অবশেষে; সবশেষে
Alt: at the last stage
Example: Finally, serve the noodles in a dish.
Syn: lastlyAnt: firstly
💡 Exam tip: Finally marks the last step of a process.
carefully[/ˈkeərfəli/]adveasy
Meaning: সাবধানে
Alt: in a cautious way
Example: Cut the vegetables carefully with a knife.
Syn: cautiouslyAnt: carelessly
💡 Exam tip: Carefully is the adverb form of careful.
thinly[/ˈθɪnli/]advmedium
Meaning: পাতলা করে
Alt: in thin pieces or in a thin layer
Example: Spread the butter thinly on the bread.
Syn: slightlyAnt: thickly
💡 Exam tip: Thinly is formed by adding -ly to thin.
6. Useful Descriptive Words (8 words)
easy[/ˈiːzi/]adjeasy
Meaning: সহজ
Alt: not difficult to do or understand
Example: This is an easy snack to make at home.
Syn: simpleAnt: difficult
💡 Exam tip: The comparative and superlative forms are easier and easiest.
sharp[/ʃɑːrp/]adjeasy
Meaning: ধারালো
Alt: having a fine edge that can cut
Example: Be careful with the sharp knife.
Syn: pointedAnt: blunt
💡 Exam tip: Sharp can describe a knife, edge, sound, or mind.
boiled[/bɔɪld/]adjeasy
Meaning: সেদ্ধ
Alt: cooked in boiling water
Example: Put a boiled egg on the cheese.
Syn: cookedAnt: raw
💡 Exam tip: Boiled is the past participle of boil used as an adjective.
fried[/fraɪd/]adjeasy
Meaning: ভাজা
Alt: cooked in hot oil or fat
Example: A fried egg is another choice for the sandwich.
Syn: cookedAnt: raw
💡 Exam tip: Fried is the past form and past participle of fry.
hot[/hɒt/]adjeasy
Meaning: গরম
Alt: having a high temperature
Example: Add the mixture when the oil is hot.
Syn: warmAnt: cold
💡 Exam tip: The opposite of hot is cold.
fresh[/freʃ/]adjeasy
Meaning: তাজা
Alt: recently prepared or not stale
Example: Fresh vegetables make the snack healthy.
Syn: newAnt: stale
💡 Exam tip: Fresh food is not old, spoiled, or stale.
ready[/ˈredi/]adjeasy
Meaning: প্রস্তুত
Alt: prepared and fit to be used or eaten
Example: Your sandwich is ready now.
Syn: preparedAnt: unprepared
💡 Exam tip: Ready often comes after a linking verb: The food is ready.
variety[/vəˈraɪəti/]nounmedium
Meaning: বৈচিত্র্য; বিভিন্ন ধরনের সমাহার
Alt: a number of different types of something
Example: You can choose a variety of fillings.
Syn: diversityAnt: uniformity
💡 Exam tip: The plural form is varieties.
💡 Exam Tips
• Learn the sequence words first, then, next, later, afterward, and finally because they are important for completing recipe instructions.
• Distinguish chop, slice, and spread: chop means cut into small pieces, slice means cut into thin pieces, and spread means cover a surface with a thin layer.
• Remember common prepositions in the lesson: spread butter on bread, put cheese on the bread, pour the mixture into the pan, and place the bread on top.
• For gap filling, identify whether the blank needs an ingredient, a cooking action, a tool, or a sequence word.
• Revise irregular and special forms: knife → knives, tomato → tomatoes, spread → spread, beat → beat → beaten.
• In a recipe, imperative verbs usually begin the sentence: Take, Spread, Put, Add, Stir, and Serve.
• Use a slice of bread, a slice of cheese, a piece of bread, two eggs, and some butter correctly in countable and uncountable expressions.
• In safety questions, remember to wash and dry vegetables and be careful when handling a sharp knife.
• When writing a recipe, arrange the steps in logical order and use full stops after each instruction.
• For synonym questions, remember easy/simple, prepare/make, stir/mix, afterward/later, and carefully/cautiously.