English for Today Class Seven - People Who Make a Difference - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: People Who Make a Difference

📚 Vocabulary

English for Today Class Seven

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

individualvolunteerguardianpatientkindnessresponsibilitycouragepatiencehonestyserveprotectsupportnoticeimproveencourageorganizedifferencechangeresulteffectbenefitachieveinspireprogresscommunitysocietyproblemneedsafetyhealthservicewelfarepracticalvisibleregularlyclearlyignoreoverlookmeaningful

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add -ness to some adjectives to form abstract nouns: kind → kindness, honest → honesty, happy → happiness.

► Add -ity to some adjectives to form abstract nouns: responsible → responsibility, visible → visibility.

► Add -ment to some verbs to form nouns: achieve → achievement, improve → improvement.

► Add -tion or -ation to some verbs to form nouns: organize → organization, protect → protection, inspire → inspiration.

► Add -er to many verbs to form names of people who perform an action: teach → teacher, lead → leader, volunteer → volunteer.

► Add -ful to nouns to form adjectives meaning full of or having: help → helpful, meaning → meaningful, care → careful.

► Add -less to nouns to form adjectives meaning without: help → helpless, care → careless, meaning → meaningless.

► Add -ly to adjectives to form adverbs: regular → regularly, clear → clearly, quiet → quietly.

► Some words change form irregularly: teach → taught → taught, serve → service, responsible → responsibility.

► Use prefixes to form opposites: unhelpful, irresponsible, invisible, meaningless.

1. People and Roles (8 words)

individual[/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/]nounmedium

Meaning: ব্যক্তি

Alt: একজন মানুষ, বিশেষ করে আলাদাভাবে বিবেচিত ব্যক্তি

Example: Every individual can help to improve society.

Syn: person, human beingAnt: group, crowd

💡 Exam tip: Use individual for one person, not a whole group.

volunteer[/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/]nouneasy

Meaning: স্বেচ্ছাসেবক

Alt: যে ব্যক্তি বিনা পারিশ্রমিকে সাহায্য করে

Example: The volunteer distributed books among poor children.

Syn: helper, workerAnt: opponent, refuser

💡 Exam tip: Volunteer can be used as both a noun and a verb.

teacher[/ˈtiːtʃə(r)/]nouneasy

Meaning: শিক্ষক বা শিক্ষিকা

Alt: যিনি শিক্ষার্থীদের শিক্ষা দেন

Example: The teacher started a reading corner for weak students.

Syn: educator, instructorAnt: learner, student

💡 Exam tip: The plural form is teachers.

guardian[/ˈɡɑːdiən/]nounmedium

Meaning: অভিভাবক

Alt: যিনি কোনো শিশুর যত্ন ও নিরাপত্তার দায়িত্ব নেন

Example: A guardian takes care of a child’s safety.

Syn: caretaker, protectorAnt: dependent, ward

💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse guardian with gardener.

health worker[/helθ ˈwɜːkə(r)/]nouneasy

Meaning: স্বাস্থ্যকর্মী

Alt: যিনি মানুষের স্বাস্থ্যসেবায় কাজ করেন

Example: A health worker advised the villagers to drink safe water.

Syn: medical worker, caregiverAnt: patient

💡 Exam tip: Write health worker as two words.

leader[/ˈliːdə(r)/]nouneasy

Meaning: নেতা বা নেত্রী

Alt: যিনি অন্যদের পরিচালনা বা অনুপ্রাণিত করেন

Example: A good leader works for the welfare of the people.

Syn: guide, chiefAnt: follower

💡 Exam tip: Leadership is the related noun.

neighbor[/ˈneɪbə(r)/]nouneasy

Meaning: প্রতিবেশী

Alt: যে ব্যক্তি কাছাকাছি বসবাস করে

Example: Our neighbor helped us during the flood.

Syn: nearby resident, localAnt: stranger

💡 Exam tip: The British spelling is neighbour.

patient[/ˈpeɪʃənt/]nouneasy

Meaning: রোগী

Alt: যে ব্যক্তি চিকিৎসা গ্রহণ করে

Example: The doctor examined the patient carefully.

Syn: sick person, caseAnt: doctor, physician

💡 Exam tip: Patient is also an adjective meaning ধৈর্যশীল.

2. Positive Qualities (8 words)

kindness[/ˈkaɪndnəs/]nouneasy

Meaning: দয়া বা সদয়তা

Alt: যত্ন ও সম্মানের সঙ্গে অন্যের প্রতি আচরণ

Example: A small act of kindness can make someone happy.

Syn: goodness, generosityAnt: cruelty, unkindness

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is kind.

responsibility[/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/]nounmedium

Meaning: দায়িত্ব

Alt: যে কাজ করা কর্তব্য এবং যার জন্য জবাবদিহি করতে হয়

Example: Taking care of younger children is a responsibility.

Syn: duty, obligationAnt: irresponsibility, neglect

💡 Exam tip: Spell it carefully: responsibility.

courage[/ˈkʌrɪdʒ/]nouneasy

Meaning: সাহস

Alt: ভয় বা বিপদের মধ্যেও সঠিক কাজ করার ক্ষমতা

Example: It takes courage to speak against injustice.

Syn: bravery, boldnessAnt: cowardice, fear

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is courageous.

patience[/ˈpeɪʃəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: ধৈর্য

Alt: বিরক্ত না হয়ে অপেক্ষা বা কাজ করার গুণ

Example: The nurse showed patience while helping the child.

Syn: calmness, enduranceAnt: impatience, hastiness

💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse patience with patients.

honesty[/ˈɒnəsti/]nouneasy

Meaning: সততা

Alt: সত্য কথা বলার ও প্রতারণা না করার গুণ

Example: Honesty makes a person trustworthy.

Syn: truthfulness, integrityAnt: dishonesty, deceit

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is honest.

helpful[/ˈhelpfəl/]adjeasy

Meaning: সহায়ক

Alt: যে অন্যের উপকার করে

Example: The helpful student explained the lesson to his friend.

Syn: useful, supportiveAnt: useless, unhelpful

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is helpfulness.

responsible[/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/]adjmedium

Meaning: দায়িত্বশীল

Alt: যে নিজের কর্তব্য সঠিকভাবে পালন করে

Example: A responsible citizen keeps the environment clean.

Syn: dependable, reliableAnt: irresponsible, careless

💡 Exam tip: Use responsible for a person and responsibility for a duty.

brave[/breɪv/]adjeasy

Meaning: সাহসী

Alt: যে ভয় পেলেও দৃঢ়ভাবে কাজ করে

Example: The brave girl rescued a child from danger.

Syn: courageous, fearlessAnt: cowardly, timid

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is bravery.

3. Actions and Service (8 words)

serve[/sɜːv/]verbeasy

Meaning: সেবা করা

Alt: অন্যের উপকারে কাজ করা

Example: Doctors serve people by treating the sick.

Syn: help, assistAnt: harm, neglect

💡 Exam tip: Service is the noun form of serve.

protect[/prəˈtekt/]verbeasy

Meaning: রক্ষা করা

Alt: ক্ষতি বা বিপদ থেকে নিরাপদ রাখা

Example: Parents protect their children from danger.

Syn: defend, guardAnt: endanger, attack

💡 Exam tip: The noun forms are protection and protector.

teach[/tiːtʃ/]verbeasy

Meaning: শিক্ষা দেওয়া

Alt: কাউকে জ্ঞান বা দক্ষতা শেখানো

Example: The teacher teaches students to read.

Syn: educate, instructAnt: mislead, learn

💡 Exam tip: Past tense and past participle: taught.

support[/səˈpɔːt/]verbeasy

Meaning: সহায়তা করা

Alt: কঠিন সময়ে কাউকে সাহায্য বা উৎসাহ দেওয়া

Example: Friends support one another in difficult times.

Syn: help, encourageAnt: oppose, discourage

💡 Exam tip: Support can be used as both a noun and a verb.

notice[/ˈnəʊtɪs/]verbeasy

Meaning: লক্ষ্য করা

Alt: কোনো কিছু দেখা বা বুঝতে পারা

Example: The doctor noticed a serious problem early.

Syn: observe, seeAnt: ignore, overlook

💡 Exam tip: Notice is often followed by a noun or that-clause.

improve[/ɪmˈpruːv/]verbeasy

Meaning: উন্নতি করা

Alt: আরও ভালো করা বা হওয়া

Example: Regular reading improves language skills.

Syn: develop, betterAnt: worsen, damage

💡 Exam tip: Improvement is the noun form.

encourage[/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/]verbmedium

Meaning: উৎসাহিত করা

Alt: কাউকে আত্মবিশ্বাসের সঙ্গে কাজ করতে অনুপ্রাণিত করা

Example: The coach encouraged the shy student to speak.

Syn: inspire, motivateAnt: discourage, deter

💡 Exam tip: The adjective forms are encouraging and encouraged.

organize[/ˈɔːɡənaɪz/]verbmedium

Meaning: সংগঠিত করা

Alt: সুশৃঙ্খলভাবে সাজানো বা পরিচালনা করা

Example: The students organized a book collection campaign.

Syn: arrange, manageAnt: disorganize, scatter

💡 Exam tip: The British spelling is organise.

4. Change and Results (8 words)

difference[/ˈdɪfrəns/]nouneasy

Meaning: পরিবর্তন বা পার্থক্য

Alt: কোনো কাজের ফলে সৃষ্ট উল্লেখযোগ্য পরিবর্তন

Example: Her work made a great difference to the village.

Syn: change, effectAnt: similarity, sameness

💡 Exam tip: The phrase make a difference is very important.

change[/tʃeɪndʒ/]nouneasy

Meaning: পরিবর্তন

Alt: আগের অবস্থা থেকে নতুন অবস্থায় রূপান্তর

Example: Small changes can improve our daily lives.

Syn: transformation, variationAnt: stability, sameness

💡 Exam tip: Change can be both a noun and a verb.

result[/rɪˈzʌlt/]nouneasy

Meaning: ফলাফল

Alt: কোনো কাজ বা ঘটনার পরিণতি

Example: The result of the campaign was very positive.

Syn: outcome, effectAnt: cause, origin

💡 Exam tip: Result from means be caused by.

effect[/ɪˈfekt/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রভাব

Alt: কোনো কাজের কারণে সৃষ্ট পরিবর্তন

Example: The teacher’s efforts had a positive effect on the students.

Syn: impact, influenceAnt: cause, origin

💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse effect with affect; affect is usually a verb.

benefit[/ˈbenɪfɪt/]verbeasy

Meaning: উপকৃত হওয়া

Alt: কোনো কাজ বা জিনিস থেকে লাভ পাওয়া

Example: Many children benefited from the free library.

Syn: gain, profitAnt: suffer, lose

💡 Exam tip: Benefit can also be a noun meaning উপকার.

achieve[/əˈtʃiːv/]verbmedium

Meaning: অর্জন করা

Alt: চেষ্টা করে লক্ষ্য বা সাফল্য লাভ করা

Example: She achieved her goal through hard work.

Syn: attain, accomplishAnt: fail, lose

💡 Exam tip: Achievement is the noun form.

inspire[/ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/]verbmedium

Meaning: অনুপ্রাণিত করা

Alt: কাউকে ভালো কাজ করতে উৎসাহ দেওয়া

Example: The brave nurse inspired many young people.

Syn: motivate, encourageAnt: discourage, dishearten

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is inspiration.

progress[/ˈprəʊɡres/]nounmedium

Meaning: অগ্রগতি

Alt: উন্নতির দিকে এগিয়ে যাওয়া

Example: The students made good progress in reading.

Syn: development, advancementAnt: decline, failure

💡 Exam tip: Progress can be a noun or a verb; pronunciation changes slightly as a verb.

5. Community and Social Problems (8 words)

community[/kəˈmjuːnəti/]nouneasy

Meaning: সম্প্রদায় বা জনসমাজ

Alt: একটি এলাকায় বসবাসকারী মানুষের দল

Example: The whole community worked together after the storm.

Syn: society, neighborhoodAnt: individual, outsider

💡 Exam tip: Community service means জনসেবা.

society[/səˈsaɪəti/]nouneasy

Meaning: সমাজ

Alt: একসঙ্গে বসবাসকারী মানুষের সংগঠিত দল

Example: Education helps to build a better society.

Syn: community, civilizationAnt: individual, isolation

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is social.

problem[/ˈprɒbləm/]nouneasy

Meaning: সমস্যা

Alt: যে বিষয় সমাধান করা প্রয়োজন

Example: The teacher noticed a problem in the school library.

Syn: difficulty, issueAnt: solution, answer

💡 Exam tip: Problem is often followed by with or of.

need[/niːd/]nouneasy

Meaning: প্রয়োজন বা অভাব

Alt: জীবন বা কাজের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় বিষয়

Example: The volunteer understood the needs of poor families.

Syn: necessity, requirementAnt: abundance, surplus

💡 Exam tip: Need can be used as both a noun and a verb.

safety[/ˈseɪfti/]nouneasy

Meaning: নিরাপত্তা

Alt: বিপদ বা ক্ষতি থেকে মুক্ত থাকার অবস্থা

Example: Road safety is important for every student.

Syn: security, protectionAnt: danger, risk

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is safe.

health[/helθ/]nouneasy

Meaning: স্বাস্থ্য

Alt: শরীর ও মনের সুস্থ অবস্থা

Example: Clean water is necessary for good health.

Syn: wellness, fitnessAnt: illness, disease

💡 Exam tip: Healthy is the adjective form.

service[/ˈsɜːvɪs/]nouneasy

Meaning: সেবা

Alt: অন্যের উপকারের জন্য করা কাজ

Example: The nurse received an award for her service.

Syn: assistance, helpAnt: harm, disservice

💡 Exam tip: In community service, service means জনকল্যাণমূলক কাজ.

welfare[/ˈwelfeə(r)/]nounhard

Meaning: কল্যাণ

Alt: মানুষের স্বাস্থ্য, সুখ ও নিরাপত্তার ভালো অবস্থা

Example: The organization works for the welfare of children.

Syn: well-being, prosperityAnt: suffering, misery

💡 Exam tip: The phrase for the welfare of is common in exams.

6. Useful Exam Words (8 words)

practical[/ˈpræktɪkl/]adjmedium

Meaning: ব্যবহারিক

Alt: বাস্তবে প্রয়োগযোগ্য বা কার্যকর

Example: The teacher gave the students practical advice.

Syn: useful, realisticAnt: impractical, theoretical

💡 Exam tip: Practical help produces a real result.

visible[/ˈvɪzəbl/]adjmedium

Meaning: দৃশ্যমান

Alt: যা দেখা যায় বা সহজে বোঝা যায়

Example: The project produced visible changes in the school.

Syn: noticeable, apparentAnt: invisible, hidden

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is visibility.

regularly[/ˈreɡjələli/]adveasy

Meaning: নিয়মিতভাবে

Alt: নির্দিষ্ট নিয়ম বা বিরতি মেনে

Example: She regularly helps weaker readers.

Syn: frequently, consistentlyAnt: irregularly, rarely

💡 Exam tip: Regular is the adjective and regularly is the adverb.

quietly[/ˈkwaɪətli/]adveasy

Meaning: নীরবে বা নিঃশব্দে

Alt: অতিরিক্ত প্রচার বা শব্দ ছাড়াই

Example: Many people quietly help others every day.

Syn: silently, calmlyAnt: loudly, noisily

💡 Exam tip: Quietly can describe an action done without attracting attention.

clearly[/ˈklɪəli/]adveasy

Meaning: স্পষ্টভাবে

Alt: সহজে বোঝা যায় এমনভাবে

Example: The nurse explained the medicine clearly.

Syn: plainly, distinctlyAnt: unclearly, vaguely

💡 Exam tip: Clear is the adjective and clearly is the adverb.

ignore[/ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/]verbmedium

Meaning: উপেক্ষা করা

Alt: ইচ্ছা করে কোনো বিষয়কে গুরুত্ব না দেওয়া

Example: We should not ignore the needs of poor people.

Syn: neglect, disregardAnt: notice, consider

💡 Exam tip: Ignore is often followed by a noun.

overlook[/ˌəʊvəˈlʊk/]verbhard

Meaning: চোখ এড়িয়ে যাওয়া বা উপেক্ষা করা

Alt: কোনো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় লক্ষ্য না করা

Example: Do not overlook small acts of kindness.

Syn: miss, ignoreAnt: notice, observe

💡 Exam tip: Overlook has two meanings; here it means fail to notice.

meaningful[/ˈmiːnɪŋfəl/]adjmedium

Meaning: অর্থবহ

Alt: যার গুরুত্ব বা উপকারিতা আছে

Example: Helping a lonely person is a meaningful action.

Syn: significant, valuableAnt: meaningless, insignificant

💡 Exam tip: Meaningfully is the adverb form.

💡 Exam Tips

• Learn each word with its Bengali meaning, part of speech, synonym, antonym, and an example sentence.

• Remember the phrase make a difference, which means to create a positive change.

• In comprehension answers, mention both the person’s action and the result of that action.

• Do not write only good intention; explain what the person actually did to help others.

• Distinguish patient meaning রোগী from patient meaning ধৈর্যশীল, and patience meaning ধৈর্য from patients meaning রোগীরা.

• Use responsibility for a duty or quality, and responsible for a person or action.

• Use effect as a noun for result or impact, while affect is generally used as a verb.

• For paragraph writing, organize ideas as problem, action, result, and qualities.

• Small and regular acts of service can make a meaningful difference; this is a central idea of the chapter.

• Check spelling carefully in difficult words such as responsibility, community, encouragement, and achievement.

English for Today Class Seven - People Who Make a Difference - Vocabulary

Chapter: People Who Make a Difference

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