Chapter: What Are Friends For
đ Vocabulary
English for Today Class Seven
â Most Important Exam Words
friendshipcompanionrelationshipsupportassistencouragecomfortcooperatehonestyhonesttrustreliabledependablepromisefaithfulsinceresharelistenadviceadviseconversationcommunicateunderstandexpresscarekindnessresponsibilityresponsibleloyaltyloyalrespectconsideratedifficultyworrynervousisolatedbullyignoresolveconfidence
đ Word Formation Rules
âē honest + y = honesty; the adjective honest becomes the abstract noun honesty.
âē kind + ness = kindness; the suffix -ness forms an abstract noun from an adjective.
âē loyal + ty = loyalty; the adjective loyal becomes the noun loyalty.
âē responsible + ity = responsibility; the suffix -ity forms an abstract noun.
âē encourage + ment = encouragement; the suffix -ment forms a noun from the verb encourage.
âē confident + ce = confidence; the adjective confident becomes the noun confidence.
âē rely + able = reliable; the suffix -able forms an adjective meaning capable of being relied on.
âē depend + able = dependable; the suffix -able forms an adjective meaning worthy of dependence.
âē faith + ful = faithful; the suffix -ful forms an adjective meaning full of faith or loyalty.
âē care + ful = careful; the suffix -ful forms an adjective describing someone who gives attention.
âē friend + ship = friendship; the suffix -ship forms a noun describing a relationship or state.
âē consider + ate = considerate; the suffix -ate forms an adjective meaning thoughtful toward others.
âē advise is a verb, while advice is a noun; remember the different final sounds.
âē support, comfort, respect, trust, care and share can be used as both nouns and verbs depending on the sentence.
1. Friendship and Relationships (8 words)
friendship[/ËfrendĘÉĒp/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āϤā§āĻŦ; āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ
Alt: āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ
Example: True friendship is based on trust and care.
Syn: companionshipAnt: enmity
đĄ Exam tip: Friendship is an uncountable noun when it means the relationship between friends.
companion[/kÉmËpÃĻnjÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻā§āĻā§; āϏāĻšāĻāϰ
Alt: āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: Rafi is my close companion at school.
Syn: mateAnt: enemy
đĄ Exam tip: A companion is a person who stays with or accompanies another person.
relationship[/rÉĒËleÉĒĘÉnĘÉĒp/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϏā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ āϝā§āĻāϏā§āϤā§āϰ
Example: A good relationship requires honesty and respect.
Syn: connectionAnt: separation
đĄ Exam tip: Use relationship with between when mentioning two sides: a relationship between friends.
companionable[/kÉmËpÃĻnjÉnÉbl/]adjhard
Meaning: āϏāĻā§āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ; āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ
Alt: āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ
Example: The companionable boy helped everyone in the class.
Syn: friendlyAnt: unfriendly
đĄ Exam tip: Companionable describes a person or atmosphere, while companion is a noun.
associate[/ÉËsÉĘĘieÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰāĻž; āĻŽā§āϞāĻžāĻŽā§āĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: We associate true friendship with kindness.
Syn: connectAnt: separate
đĄ Exam tip: Associate A with B means āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž; associate with also means āĻŽā§āϞāĻžāĻŽā§āĻļāĻž āĻāϰāĻž.
belong[/bÉĒËlÉÅ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž; āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĻāϞā§āϰ āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Mina feels that she belongs to a caring group of friends.
Syn: fitAnt: exclude
đĄ Exam tip: Belong is followed by to: This book belongs to Karim.
affection[/ÉËfekĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻš; āĻŽāĻŽāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŽāϞ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: The two friends showed great affection for each other.
Syn: fondnessAnt: hatred
đĄ Exam tip: Affection is a noun; its adjective is affectionate.
bond[/bÉnd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāύā§āϧāύ; āĻāύāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻ
Example: Shared experiences created a strong bond between them.
Syn: tieAnt: division
đĄ Exam tip: Bond can be both a noun and a verb, but here it is used as a noun.
2. Support and Help (8 words)
support[/sÉËpÉËt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž; āϏāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨāύ
Alt: āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ
Example: Nabila gave Rima support before the examination.
Syn: assistanceAnt: opposition
đĄ Exam tip: Support can be a noun or verb; identify it from its position in the sentence.
assist[/ÉËsÉĒst/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Nabila assisted Rima with her vocabulary practice.
Syn: helpAnt: hinder
đĄ Exam tip: Assist is usually followed by with or in: assist someone with a task.
encourage[/ÉĒnËkĘrÉĒdĘ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰā§āϰāĻŖāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Good friends encourage one another to work harder.
Syn: inspireAnt: discourage
đĄ Exam tip: The structure encourage someone to do something is common in exams.
encouragement[/ÉĒnËkĘrÉĒdĘmÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻā§āϏāĻžāĻš; āĻĒā§āϰā§āϰāĻŖāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻšāϏ āĻŦāĻž āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ
Example: Her teacherâs encouragement made her confident.
Syn: motivationAnt: discouragement
đĄ Exam tip: Encouragement is formed from encourage + ment.
comfort[/ËkĘmfÉt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāύā§āϤā§āĻŦāύāĻž; āĻāϰāĻžāĻŽ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž
Example: The friend offered comfort after the poor result.
Syn: consolationAnt: distress
đĄ Exam tip: Comfort can be a noun or verb: She comforted her friend.
reassure[/ËriËÉËĘĘÉ/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻāĻļā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧠āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The coach reassured the nervous player.
Syn: encourageAnt: alarm
đĄ Exam tip: Reassure someone means to make that person feel less worried.
cooperate[/kÉĘËÉpÉreÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻšāϝā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻāϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The friends cooperated to complete the project.
Syn: collaborateAnt: oppose
đĄ Exam tip: Cooperate is followed by with when naming the person or group: cooperate with others.
aid[/eÉĒd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ; āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻšāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§
Example: The dictionary was a useful aid to the students.
Syn: helpAnt: hindrance
đĄ Exam tip: Aid is generally a noun; the verb form is also aid.
3. Honesty and Trust (8 words)
honesty[/ËÉnÉsti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāϤāϤāĻž
Alt: āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āύāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻŖ
Example: Honesty is an important quality of a true friend.
Syn: truthfulnessAnt: dishonesty
đĄ Exam tip: Honesty is an abstract noun formed from honest by changing the ending.
honest[/ËÉnÉĒst/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏā§; āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§
Alt: āϝ⧠āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž
Example: An honest friend gives useful advice.
Syn: truthfulAnt: dishonest
đĄ Exam tip: The h in honest is silent, so it begins with a vowel sound: an honest person.
trust[/trĘst/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž
Example: Trust grows when friends keep their promises.
Syn: confidenceAnt: distrust
đĄ Exam tip: Trust may be used as a noun or verb: I trust my friend.
reliable[/rÉĒËlaÉĒÉbl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝ
Alt: āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāϰāϏāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: A reliable friend never ignores a serious problem.
Syn: dependableAnt: unreliable
đĄ Exam tip: Reliable means worthy of trust; do not confuse it with responsible.
dependable[/dÉĒËpendÉbl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤ; āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ⧠āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāϝā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: Sadia is a dependable friend in difficult times.
Syn: reliableAnt: undependable
đĄ Exam tip: Dependable is formed from depend + able and often describes people.
promise[/ËprÉmÉĒs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧ āĻ
āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ
Example: He kept his promise to help his friend.
Syn: pledgeAnt: breach
đĄ Exam tip: Keep a promise means āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āϰāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻž; break a promise means āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž.
faithful[/ËfeÉĒθfÉl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤ; āĻ
āύā§āĻāϤ
Alt: āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ
āĻāϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§
Example: A faithful friend remains beside us in trouble.
Syn: loyalAnt: faithless
đĄ Exam tip: Faithful and loyal are close synonyms, but faithful can also mean true to a duty.
sincere[/sÉĒnËsÉĒÉ/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻāύā§āϤāϰāĻŋāĻ; āĻ
āĻāĻĒāĻ
Alt: āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻ āĻāύā§āϤāϰāĻŋāĻ
Example: She gave a sincere apology to her friend.
Syn: genuineAnt: insincere
đĄ Exam tip: Sincere describes genuine feelings, words, or efforts.
4. Sharing and Communication (8 words)
share[/ĘeÉ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϝā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Good friends share their books and ideas.
Syn: divideAnt: withhold
đĄ Exam tip: Share something with someone is the common structure.
listen[/ËlÉĒsÉn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āύāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: A caring friend listens patiently to a problem.
Syn: hearAnt: ignore
đĄ Exam tip: Listen is followed by to: Listen to your friend carefully.
advice[/ÉdËvaÉĒs/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ
Example: My friend gave me good advice before the test.
Syn: guidanceAnt: misguidance
đĄ Exam tip: Advice is an uncountable noun; say a piece of advice, not an advice.
advise[/ÉdËvaÉĒz/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The teacher advised us to revise the vocabulary.
Syn: counselAnt: mislead
đĄ Exam tip: Advice is the noun and advise is the verb; their pronunciations differ at the end.
conversation[/ËkÉnvÉËseÉĒĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĨā§āĻĒāĻāĻĨāύ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: Their conversation helped them understand each other.
Syn: dialogueAnt: silence
đĄ Exam tip: Conversation is formed from converse and means an exchange of words.
communicate[/kÉËmjuËnÉĒkeÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϝā§āĻāĻžāϝā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āϤāĻĨā§āϝ, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Friends communicate openly about their feelings.
Syn: expressAnt: conceal
đĄ Exam tip: Communicate with someone and communicate something are both common patterns.
understand[/ËĘndÉËstÃĻnd/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŦā§āĻāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦā§āϧāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: A good friend tries to understand another personâs feelings.
Syn: comprehendAnt: misunderstand
đĄ Exam tip: Understand is an irregular verb: understand, understood, understood.
express[/ÉĒkËspres/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻž, āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāύā§
Example: She expressed her concern about her friendâs health.
Syn: stateAnt: suppress
đĄ Exam tip: Express can be followed by an emotion or opinion: express concern, express an opinion.
5. Care, Kindness and Responsibility (8 words)
care[/keÉ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϝāϤā§āύ; āĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāϞā§āϝāĻžāĻŖā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ
Example: Friendship grows through regular care and kindness.
Syn: attentionAnt: neglect
đĄ Exam tip: Take care of means āϝāϤā§āύ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž; care for may also mean āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϝāϤā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž.
kindness[/ËkaÉĒndnÉs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž; āϏāĻĻāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻ āϏāĻšāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ
Example: A small act of kindness can make a friend happy.
Syn: goodwillAnt: cruelty
đĄ Exam tip: Kindness is an abstract noun formed from kind + ness.
responsibility[/rÉĒËspÉnsÉËbÉĒlÉti/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ
Example: Helping a troubled friend is sometimes a responsibility.
Syn: dutyAnt: irresponsibility
đĄ Exam tip: Responsibility is uncountable in general use, but responsibilities can mean several duties.
responsible[/rÉĒËspÉnsÉbl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦāĻļā§āϞ
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āϏāĻā§āϤāύ
Example: A responsible student helps classmates honestly.
Syn: accountableAnt: irresponsible
đĄ Exam tip: Responsible is followed by for: He is responsible for the work.
loyalty[/ËlÉÉĒÉlti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāύā§āĻāϤā§āϝ; āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ
āĻāϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: Loyalty is tested during difficult times.
Syn: faithfulnessAnt: disloyalty
đĄ Exam tip: Loyalty is the noun form of loyal.
loyal[/ËlÉÉĒÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āĻāϤ; āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤ
Alt: āϝ⧠āĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āϤā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻž
Example: A loyal friend stands by us when we fail.
Syn: faithfulAnt: disloyal
đĄ Exam tip: Loyal is commonly followed by to: She is loyal to her friends.
respect[/rÉĒËspekt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰāĻĻā§āϧāĻž
Example: Mutual respect makes friendship stronger.
Syn: regardAnt: disrespect
đĄ Exam tip: Respect can be a noun or verb; mutual respect means āĻĒāĻžāϰāϏā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύ.
considerate[/kÉnËsÉĒdÉrÉt/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻžāĻļā§āϞ; āϏāĻšāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϝā§āϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āϝāϤā§āύāĻļā§āϞ
Example: A considerate friend does not hurt others deliberately.
Syn: thoughtfulAnt: inconsiderate
đĄ Exam tip: Considerate means thoughtful toward others, not simply careful about a decision.
6. Problems, Feelings and Solutions (8 words)
difficulty[/ËdÉĒfÉĒkÉlti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ āĻŋāύāϤāĻž; āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž
Example: Rima had difficulty understanding some vocabulary.
Syn: problemAnt: ease
đĄ Exam tip: Difficulty is usually followed by in or with: difficulty in learning, difficulty with grammar.
worry[/ËwĘri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝ⧠āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻ
āϏā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϰ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž
Example: Her friend reduced her worry before the examination.
Syn: anxietyAnt: calm
đĄ Exam tip: Worry can be a noun or verb; worried is the common adjective.
nervous[/ËnÉËvÉs/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āύ; āύāĻžāϰā§āĻāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ
āϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ
Example: The student felt nervous before speaking in class.
Syn: anxiousAnt: confident
đĄ Exam tip: Nervous about is used when naming the reason for anxiety.
isolated[/ËaÉĒsÉleÉĒtÉĒd/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāύā§āύ; āĻāĻāĻžāĻā§
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āϰ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: A bullied student may feel isolated from classmates.
Syn: lonelyAnt: connected
đĄ Exam tip: Isolated is often used with from: isolated from the group.
bully[/ËbĘli/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāϤā§āϝāĻā§āϤ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻĄāĻŧāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāύ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻāώā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: We should never bully a weaker student.
Syn: intimidateAnt: protect
đĄ Exam tip: Bully can be a noun or verb; bullying is the related noun or gerund.
ignore[/ÉĒÉĄËnÉË/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ āύāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: A true friend does not ignore someone in trouble.
Syn: neglectAnt: notice
đĄ Exam tip: Ignore is followed directly by an object: ignore the problem.
solve[/sÉlv/]verbeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The friends worked together to solve the problem.
Syn: resolveAnt: complicate
đĄ Exam tip: Solve a problem is correct; do not use solve with the preposition about.
confidence[/ËkÉnfÉĒdÉns/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ
Example: Practice gave Rima confidence before the test.
Syn: assuranceAnt: doubt
đĄ Exam tip: Confidence is a noun; confident is its adjective form.
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Learn each word with its part of speech, Bengali meaning, synonym and antonym.
âĸ Use support, advice, comfort and encouragement for emotional or practical help in sentence-completion questions.
âĸ Remember the prepositions: belong to, listen to, cooperate with, loyal to, responsible for, difficulty in and confidence in.
âĸ Distinguish advice from advise: advice is a noun and advise is a verb.
âĸ Use keep a promise for āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āϰāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻž and break a promise for āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻāϰāĻž.
âĸ In transformation exercises, change honest to honesty, loyal to loyalty, kind to kindness and responsible to responsibility.
âĸ A true friend does not always agree; a good friend may disagree politely and give honest advice.
âĸ For paragraph writing, include support, trust, honesty, sharing, loyalty, care and responsibility.
âĸ Use mutual before respect, support or care when the meaning is āĻĒāĻžāϰāϏā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ.
âĸ In synonym questions, remember: reliable = dependable, encourage = inspire, difficulty = problem, isolated = lonely and sincere = genuine.
âĸ In antonym questions, remember: honestâdishonest, loyalâdisloyal, reliableâunreliable, encourageâdiscourage and ignoreânotice.
âĸ Use the chapter theme in answers: true friends help one another in both happiness and difficulty.