Chapter: Parts of Speech
📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
nounpronounadjectiveverbauxiliary verbmodal verbadverbprepositionconjunctioninterjectioncountable noununcountable nounsingularpluralpositive degreecomparative degreesuperlative degreeregular verbirregular verbmeasure word
📃 Word Formation Rules
► Add -s, -es, or -ies to form regular plurals: cat-cats, bus-buses, baby-babies.
► Add -ness to some adjectives to form abstract nouns: happy-happiness, ill-illness.
► Regular verbs generally form the past tense and past participle by adding -d or -ed: invite-invited-invited.
► Some verbs form their past tense and past participle irregularly: write-wrote-written, go-went-gone.
► Use measure words with uncountable nouns: a tube of toothpaste, a bar of soap, a bottle of oil.
► Comparative adjectives are often formed with -er or more, and superlatives with -est or most: rich-richer-richest, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.
► Many adverbs are formed by adding -ly to adjectives: regular-regularly, unfortunate-unfortunately.
1. Nouns and Their Categories (8 words)
country[/ˈkʌntri/]nouneasy
Meaning: দেশ
Alt: রাষ্ট্র
Example: Bangladesh is a beautiful country.
Syn: nation
💡 Exam tip: A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
language[/ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: ভাষা
Alt: কথার মাধ্যম
Example: Bangla is our mother language.
Syn: tongue
💡 Exam tip: Language is an abstract or common noun depending on use.
happiness[/ˈhæpinəs/]nounmedium
Meaning: সুখ
Alt: আনন্দ
Example: Happiness is a great blessing.
Syn: joyAnt: sorrow
💡 Exam tip: Words ending in -ness often form abstract nouns.
institution[/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রতিষ্ঠান
Alt: সংস্থা
Example: Our school is a respected institution.
Syn: organization
💡 Exam tip: Names of schools, colleges, and offices are nouns.
relation[/rɪˈleɪʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: সম্পর্ক
Alt: আত্মীয়
Example: He has a good relation with his neighbours.
Syn: connectionAnt: separation
💡 Exam tip: Relation may mean either connection or a family member.
business[/ˈbɪznəs/]nounmedium
Meaning: ব্যবসা
Alt: বাণিজ্যিক কাজ
Example: His father runs a successful business.
Syn: commerce
💡 Exam tip: Business is generally an uncountable noun when it means trade.
illness[/ˈɪlnəs/]nouneasy
Meaning: অসুস্থতা
Alt: রোগ
Example: Her illness lasted for a month.
Syn: sicknessAnt: health
💡 Exam tip: Illness is an abstract noun formed from ill.
reason[/ˈriːzən/]nouneasy
Meaning: কারণ
Alt: যুক্তি
Example: There are several reasons for his success.
Syn: causeAnt: effect
💡 Exam tip: Reason is countable: one reason, several reasons.
2. Countable and Uncountable Nouns (8 words)
pencil[/ˈpensəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: পেন্সিল
Alt: লেখার উপকরণ
Example: I have two pencils.
Syn: writing tool
💡 Exam tip: Use how many with countable nouns.
eraser[/ɪˈreɪzər/]nouneasy
Meaning: রাবার
Alt: মুছে ফেলার বস্তু
Example: She bought an eraser.
Syn: rubber
💡 Exam tip: Eraser has singular and plural forms.
toothpaste[/ˈtuːθpeɪst/]nouneasy
Meaning: দাঁতের মাজন
Alt: দাঁত পরিষ্কারের পেস্ট
Example: I need a tube of toothpaste.
Syn: dental cream
💡 Exam tip: Toothpaste is uncountable; use a tube of toothpaste.
soap[/soʊp/]nouneasy
Meaning: সাবান
Alt: পরিষ্কার করার বস্তু
Example: Please buy a bar of soap.
Syn: cleanser
💡 Exam tip: Use a bar of soap, not soaps, for a quantity.
oil[/ɔɪl/]nouneasy
Meaning: তেল
Alt: তৈলাক্ত তরল
Example: She bought a bottle of coconut oil.
Syn: fat
💡 Exam tip: Oil is usually uncountable; use a bottle of oil.
advice[/ədˈvaɪs/]nounmedium
Meaning: পরামর্শ
Alt: উপদেশ
Example: My teacher gave me useful advice.
Syn: guidance
💡 Exam tip: Advice is uncountable; never write advices.
information[/ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: তথ্য
Alt: খবর
Example: I need some information about the exam.
Syn: data
💡 Exam tip: Use a piece of information for one unit.
furniture[/ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/]nounmedium
Meaning: আসবাবপত্র
Alt: ঘরের সরঞ্জাম
Example: There is some furniture in the room.
Syn: household equipment
💡 Exam tip: Furniture is uncountable; use a piece of furniture.
3. Pronouns and Adjectives (8 words)
they[/ðeɪ/]pronouneasy
Meaning: তারা
Alt: তাঁরা
Example: They are my neighbours.
💡 Exam tip: They is a subject pronoun for more than one person or thing.
them[/ðem/]pronouneasy
Meaning: তাদেরকে
Alt: তাঁদেরকে
Example: My parents like them.
💡 Exam tip: Them is used as an object pronoun.
their[/ðer/]pronouneasy
Meaning: তাদের
Alt: তাঁদের
Example: Their children study at this school.
💡 Exam tip: Their shows possession and comes before a noun.
ours[/aʊərz/]pronounmedium
Meaning: আমাদেরটি
Alt: আমাদের জিনিস
Example: This classroom is ours.
Ant: theirs
💡 Exam tip: Ours is a possessive pronoun and is not followed by a noun.
happy[/ˈhæpi/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: সুখী
Alt: আনন্দিত
Example: Mr Haque is a happy man.
Syn: gladAnt: sad
💡 Exam tip: An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.
intelligent[/ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: বুদ্ধিমান
Alt: মেধাবী
Example: She is an intelligent student.
Syn: cleverAnt: foolish
💡 Exam tip: Use an before intelligent because its sound begins with a vowel.
polite[/pəˈlaɪt/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: ভদ্র
Alt: শিষ্ট
Example: A polite child respects everyone.
Syn: courteousAnt: rude
💡 Exam tip: Polite describes behaviour or manners.
arrogant[/ˈærəɡənt/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: অহংকারী
Alt: দাম্ভিক
Example: He is rich but not arrogant.
Syn: proudAnt: humble
💡 Exam tip: Arrogant is an adjective with a negative meaning.
4. Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs (8 words)
teach[/tiːtʃ/]verbeasy
Meaning: শেখানো
Alt: পড়ানো
Example: They teach at a college.
Syn: educateAnt: learn
💡 Exam tip: Past and past participle: taught, taught.
spend[/spend/]verbeasy
Meaning: ব্যয় করা
Alt: সময় কাটানো
Example: They spend money on books.
Syn: useAnt: save
💡 Exam tip: Past and past participle: spent, spent.
borrow[/ˈbɒroʊ/]verbeasy
Meaning: ধার নেওয়া
Alt: সাময়িকভাবে নেওয়া
Example: I borrow books from the library.
Syn: take on loanAnt: lend
💡 Exam tip: Borrow means receive temporarily; lend means give temporarily.
invite[/ɪnˈvaɪt/]verbeasy
Meaning: নিমন্ত্রণ করা
Alt: আমন্ত্রণ জানানো
Example: She invited me to dinner.
Syn: askAnt: exclude
💡 Exam tip: Regular forms: invited, invited.
write[/raɪt/]verbeasy
Meaning: লেখা
Alt: রচনা করা
Example: I wrote a letter yesterday.
Syn: record
💡 Exam tip: Irregular forms: wrote, written.
go[/ɡoʊ/]verbeasy
Meaning: যাওয়া
Alt: চলে যাওয়া
Example: She has gone to school.
Syn: moveAnt: come
💡 Exam tip: Irregular forms: went, gone.
do[/duː/]auxiliary verbmedium
Meaning: করা
Alt: সহায়ক ক্রিয়া হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হওয়া
Example: Do you read novels?
Syn: perform
💡 Exam tip: Do, does, and did form questions and negatives in simple tenses.
should[/ʃʊd/]modal verbeasy
Meaning: উচিত
Alt: পরামর্শ বা কর্তব্য বোঝায়
Example: We should obey our parents.
Syn: ought to
💡 Exam tip: A modal is followed by the base form of a verb.
5. Adverbs and Their Uses (8 words)
regularly[/ˈreɡjələrli/]adverbmedium
Meaning: নিয়মিতভাবে
Alt: নিয়ম মেনে
Example: She goes to school regularly.
Syn: frequentlyAnt: irregularly
💡 Exam tip: Regularly is an adverb of manner or frequency according to context.
yesterday[/ˈjestərdeɪ/]adverbeasy
Meaning: গতকাল
Alt: গত দিনের সময়ে
Example: I called him yesterday.
Ant: tomorrow
💡 Exam tip: Yesterday is an adverb of time.
upstairs[/ˌʌpˈsterz/]adverbeasy
Meaning: উপরের তলায়
Alt: দোতলায়
Example: She went upstairs.
Syn: aboveAnt: downstairs
💡 Exam tip: Upstairs is an adverb of place.
fast[/fæst/]adverbeasy
Meaning: দ্রুত
Alt: তাড়াতাড়ি
Example: The train is running fast.
Syn: quicklyAnt: slowly
💡 Exam tip: Fast can be both an adjective and an adverb.
always[/ˈɔːlweɪz/]adverbeasy
Meaning: সবসময়
Alt: সর্বদা
Example: He always speaks the truth.
Syn: постоянноAnt: never
💡 Exam tip: Frequency adverbs usually come before the main verb.
never[/ˈnevər/]adverbeasy
Meaning: কখনো না
Alt: কোনো সময় নয়
Example: She never tells lies.
Syn: not everAnt: always
💡 Exam tip: Never already has a negative meaning; avoid double negatives.
hardly[/ˈhɑːrdli/]adverbmedium
Meaning: কদাচিৎ
Alt: প্রায় না
Example: It hardly rains here.
Syn: scarcelyAnt: frequently
💡 Exam tip: Hardly means almost not, while hard means with effort.
unfortunately[/ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli/]adverbmedium
Meaning: দুর্ভাগ্যবশত
Alt: দুঃখজনকভাবে
Example: Unfortunately, she failed the exam.
Syn: sadlyAnt: fortunately
💡 Exam tip: It often works as a sentence-linking adverb.
6. Prepositions, Conjunctions and Interjections (8 words)
at[/æt/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: এ
Alt: নির্দিষ্ট সময় বা স্থানে
Example: He arrives at ten o'clock.
💡 Exam tip: Use at for a specific time or point.
on[/ɒn/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: উপর
Alt: দিন বা তারিখে
Example: The book is on the table.
💡 Exam tip: Use on with days, dates, and surfaces.
in[/ɪn/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: ভিতরে
Alt: মাস, বছর বা বড় স্থানে
Example: He lives in Bangladesh.
💡 Exam tip: Use in with countries, months, years, and enclosed spaces.
without[/wɪˈðaʊt/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: ছাড়া
Alt: ব্যতীত
Example: We cannot live without water.
Syn: lackingAnt: with
💡 Exam tip: Without is followed by a noun or gerund.
and[/ænd/]conjunctioneasy
Meaning: এবং
Alt: যোগ বোঝায়
Example: Nazma and Diba are friends.
Syn: as well as
💡 Exam tip: And joins similar words, phrases, or clauses.
but[/bʌt/]conjunctioneasy
Meaning: কিন্তু
Alt: বিপরীত ধারণা বোঝায়
Example: He is poor but honest.
Syn: however
💡 Exam tip: But joins contrasting ideas.
because[/bɪˈkɒz/]conjunctioneasy
Meaning: কারণ
Alt: কারণ বোঝায়
Example: She stopped because her knee hurt.
Syn: asAnt: therefore
💡 Exam tip: Because introduces a reason or cause.
alas[/əˈlæs/]interjectioneasy
Meaning: হায়
Alt: দুঃখ প্রকাশের শব্দ
Example: Alas! He died young.
Ant: hurrah
💡 Exam tip: Use an exclamation mark after an interjection.
💡 Exam Tips
• A noun names a person, place, thing, or quality; a pronoun is used in place of a noun.
• Use how many with countable nouns and how much with uncountable nouns.
• Use a, one, or plural forms with countable nouns; use some or measure words with uncountable nouns.
• An adjective describes or qualifies a noun or pronoun, while an adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
• Use the positive degree for one, the comparative degree for two, and the superlative degree for more than two.
• Auxiliary verbs help to form questions, negatives, and continuous or perfect tenses.
• Modal auxiliaries are followed by the base form of a verb: can go, should study, must obey.
• Adverbs of frequency such as always, never, and hardly commonly come before the main verb.
• Use at for a specific time, on for days and dates, and in for months, years, countries, and enclosed places.
• Conjunctions join words or ideas; interjections express sudden feelings and are usually followed by an exclamation mark.