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English Grammar and Composition Class Six - Articles: a, an, the - Vocabulary

Class 6 to 8 ¡ English ¡ 14 Aug 2026

🎯 Class 6 to 8🌐 English📅 14 Aug 2026📖 Course 67 of 112
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Class 6 to 8English Grammar and Composition Class Six - Articles: a, an, the - Vocabulary

Chapter: Articles: a, an, the

📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
articlenounspecificunspecifieddefiniteindefinitecountableuncountableconsonantvowelsounduniversityhourhonestparticularalternativeenvironmentpollutionfishermanfishermencyclonedisasterhonestysincerityvictim
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē a āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ an āĻšāϞ⧋ indefinite articles; the āĻšāϞ⧋ definite articleāĨ¤
â–ē āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ singular countable noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
â–ē āĻāĻ•āχ noun āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻžāϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
â–ē consonant sound-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ a āĻŦāϏ⧇: a book, a universityāĨ¤
â–ē vowel sound-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ an āĻŦāϏ⧇: an apple, an hourāĨ¤
â–ē āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ sound āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ a āĻŦāĻž an āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
â–ē āĻ…āύāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ the āĻŦāϏ⧇: the sun, the world, the EarthāĨ¤
â–ē āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ plural noun āĻ“ uncountable noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ article āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž; āĻ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ X āϞāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â–ē go to bed, go to school, go home, have breakfast āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ have lunch—āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ article āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
â–ē āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ singular noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇: He is a pilot; She is an artistāĨ¤
1. Article Basics (8 words)
article[/ˈɑːrtÉĒkəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ; a, an āĻŦāĻž the
Alt: āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: An article is used before a noun.
Syn: grammatical determiner
💡 Exam tip: Article āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
noun[/naƊn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ
Alt: āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ
Example: Book is a common noun.
Syn: name wordAnt: pronoun
💡 Exam tip: a/an āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ singular countable noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
specific[/spəˈsÉĒfÉĒk/]adjeasy
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ
Example: The specific book is on the table.
Syn: particular, definiteAnt: general, unspecified
💡 Exam tip: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
unspecified[/ˌʌnˈspesÉĒfaÉĒd/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: She bought a book from a shop.
Syn: indefinite, generalAnt: specific, definite
💡 Exam tip: āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ singular countable noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
definite[/ˈdefÉĒnət/]adjmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ
Example: The definite answer is written here.
Syn: specific, particularAnt: indefinite, uncertain
💡 Exam tip: the-āϕ⧇ definite article āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
indefinite[/ÉĒnˈdefÉĒnət/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: A and an are indefinite articles.
Syn: unspecified, generalAnt: definite, specific
💡 Exam tip: a āĻ“ an-āϕ⧇ indefinite articles āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
countable[/ˈkaʊntəbəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ
Alt: āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: A chair is a singular countable noun.
Syn: measurable, numerableAnt: uncountable
💡 Exam tip: a/an āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ singular countable noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
uncountable[/ʌnˈkaʊntəbəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ
Alt: āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž
Example: Water is an uncountable noun.
Syn: mass, non-countAnt: countable
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ uncountable noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
2. Use of A and An (8 words)
first[/fɜːrst/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ
Alt: āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Example: I saw a bird first.
Syn: initial, earliestAnt: last, final
💡 Exam tip: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ singular countable noun āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ a/an āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
second[/ˈsekənd/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āχ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀
Example: The bird flew away the second time I saw it.
Syn: next, followingAnt: first
💡 Exam tip: āĻāĻ•āχ noun āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻāϞ⧇ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
consonant[/ˈkɒnsənənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦā§āϝāĻžā§āϜāύāĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ
Example: Use a before a consonant sound.
Syn: consonant soundAnt: vowel
💡 Exam tip: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ consonant āĻšāϞ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ a āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
vowel[/ˈvaʊəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ
Alt: a, e, i, o, u-āĻāϰ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ
Example: Use an before a vowel sound.
Syn: vowel soundAnt: consonant
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ vowel āĻšāϞ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ an āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
sound[/saƊnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ
Alt: āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻļā§‹āύāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ āφāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϜ
Example: Article choice depends on the first sound.
Syn: 韺, toneAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ sound āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ a/an āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
university[/ˌjuːnÉĒˈvɜːrsəti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āωāĻšā§āϚāĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ
Example: He studies at a university.
Syn: institution, college
💡 Exam tip: university-āĻāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ /juː/ ‘you’ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ, āϤāĻžāχ a universityāĨ¤
hour[/ˈaʊər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϘāĻŖā§āϟāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āώāĻžāϟ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ
Example: She waited for an hour.
Syn: sixty minutes, period
💡 Exam tip: hour-āĻāϰ h āύ⧀āϰāĻŦ, āϤāĻžāχ an hourāĨ¤
honest[/ˈɒnÉĒst/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§Ž
Alt: āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻ“ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāύ
Example: He is an honest man.
Syn: truthful, sincereAnt: dishonest, false
💡 Exam tip: honest-āĻāϰ h āύ⧀āϰāĻŦ, āϤāĻžāχ an honest manāĨ¤
3. Use of The (8 words)
particular[/pəˈtÉĒkjələr/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻŦāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ
Alt: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The particular room is very clean.
Syn: specific, specialAnt: general, ordinary
💡 Exam tip: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āφāϗ⧇ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
alternative[/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətÉĒv/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: The sun has no alternative as a natural light source.
Syn: option, choiceAnt: necessity
💡 Exam tip: āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύ⧇āχ, āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ the āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
object[/ˈɒbdʒÉĒkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁
Alt: āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻŦāĻž āϧāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ
Example: The object on the table is a lamp.
Syn: thing, item
💡 Exam tip: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ object-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
refer[/rÉĒˈfɜːr/]verbmedium
Meaning: āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: The word refers to a particular object.
Syn: mention, indicateAnt: ignore, omit
💡 Exam tip: āφāϗ⧇ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāϤ noun-āϕ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ refer āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
again[/əˈɡen/]adveasy
Meaning: āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: She read the story again.
Syn: once more, repeatedlyAnt: never
💡 Exam tip: āĻāĻ•āχ noun āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϞ⧇ the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
only[/ˈoʊnli/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ
Alt: āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āϜāύ
Example: The moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth.
Syn: solely, aloneAnt: many, several
💡 Exam tip: only, same, first, last āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
world[/wɜːrld/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ
Alt: āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€ āĻ“ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀
Example: The world needs peace.
Syn: earth, globe
💡 Exam tip: world āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ the world āϞāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
earth[/ɜːrθ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€
Alt: āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϏāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš
Example: The Earth moves around the sun.
Syn: world, globe
💡 Exam tip: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ: the EarthāĨ¤
4. Common Expressions and Places (8 words)
bed[/bed/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ›āĻžāύāĻž
Alt: āϘ⧁āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āφāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ
Example: He went to bed early.
Syn: couch, bunk
💡 Exam tip: go to bed-āĻ bed-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ article āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
school[/skuːl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāϪ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ
Example: The children go to school every day.
Syn: academy, institution
💡 Exam tip: go to school āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§‹āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ article āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
home[/hoƊm/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ
Alt: āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϕ⧇āω āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: She went home after school.
Syn: house, residence
💡 Exam tip: go home āĻ“ come home-āĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ article āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĨ¤
lunch[/lƌntƃ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻ⧁āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ
Example: We had lunch at noon.
Syn: midday meal, food
💡 Exam tip: have lunch, eat lunch—āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ article āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
restaurant[/ˈrestərɒnt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϰ⧇āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧋āϰāĻžāρ
Alt: āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāύ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ
Example: We ate at a restaurant.
Syn: eatery, cafÊ
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰ restaurant āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ a restaurant āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
hospital[/ˈhɒspÉĒtəl/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ
Alt: āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ
Example: He was taken to the hospital.
Syn: clinic, medical centre
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ article āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇; āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ­āĻŦāύ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ the hospitalāĨ¤
breakfast[/ˈbrekfəst/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻļāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ–āĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ
Example: I had breakfast at seven.
Syn: morning meal, food
💡 Exam tip: have breakfast āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ article āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
prison[/ˈprÉĒzən/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻžāĻ—āĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ
Example: The prisoner was sent to prison.
Syn: jail, detention centreAnt: freedom
💡 Exam tip: āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ go to prison; āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ­āĻŦāύ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ the prisonāĨ¤
5. Environment and Nature (8 words)
environment[/ÉĒnˈvaÉĒərənmənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ
Alt: āĻœā§€āĻŦāϜāĻ—āϤ⧇āϰ āϚāĻžāϰāĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Pollution damages the environment.
Syn: surroundings, ecosystem
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ the environment āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
pollution[/pəˈluːʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĻā§‚āώāĻŖ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁, āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ•āϰ āύ⧋āĻ‚āϰāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Pollution is harmful to health.
Syn: contamination, impurityAnt: cleanliness, purity
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ pollution-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ article āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
water[/ˈwɔːtər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ
Alt: āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϤāϰāϞ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ
Example: The pollution we cause in water is dangerous.
Syn: liquid, H2O
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ uncountable āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ water-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ article āύ⧇āχ; āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻšāϞ⧇ the waterāĨ¤
sun[/sƌn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏ⧂āĻ°ā§āϝ
Alt: āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ•āϟāϤāĻŽ āύāĻ•ā§āώāĻ¤ā§āϰ
Example: The sun gives us light.
Syn: star, day-starAnt: moon
💡 Exam tip: āĻ…āύāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āφāϗ⧇ the āĻŦāϏ⧇: the sunāĨ¤
sea[/siː/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ
Alt: āϞāĻŦāĻŖāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āϜāϞāϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋ
Example: The fishermen went to the sea.
Syn: ocean, watersAnt: land
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ—āϰ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ the āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
cyclone[/ˈsaÉĒkloƊn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ˜ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻ˜ā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āĻ“ āĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Example: A cyclone can destroy many homes.
Syn: storm, hurricaneAnt: calm
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ cyclone āĻšāϞ⧇ a cycloneāĨ¤
disaster[/dÉĒˈzÃĻstər/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϝ⧋āĻ—
Alt: āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāϝāĻŧ
Example: A natural disaster can affect thousands of people.
Syn: calamity, catastropheAnt: blessing, success
💡 Exam tip: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ a natural disasterāĨ¤
energy[/ˈenərdʒi/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϝ
Example: The sun is a source of energy.
Syn: power, strengthAnt: weakness
💡 Exam tip: a source of energy āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
6. People, Qualities and Occupations (8 words)
fisherman[/ˈfÉĒʃərmən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻœā§‡āϞ⧇
Alt: āϝ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ› āϧāϰ⧇
Example: My father is a fisherman.
Syn: angler, fisher
💡 Exam tip: āĻāĻ•āϜāύ fisherman-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ a āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
farmer[/ˈfɑːrmər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻ•
Alt: āϝ⧇ āϜāĻŽāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāώ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: A farmer grows crops.
Syn: cultivator, agriculturist
💡 Exam tip: A farmer is a person who farms—āĻāχ pattern āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
writer[/ˈraÉĒtər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•
Alt: āϝ⧇ āĻŦāχ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āϞ⧇āϖ⧇
Example: A writer is a person who writes books.
Syn: author, scripterAnt: reader
💡 Exam tip: writer = a person who writes books or articlesāĨ¤
pilot[/ˈpaÉĒlət/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāϚāĻžāϞāĻ•
Alt: āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: A pilot flies an aircraft.
Syn: aviator, flyer
💡 Exam tip: pilot-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϝāĻŧ flies an aircraft āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
teacher[/ˈtiːtʃər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻ•āĻž
Alt: āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύ
Example: A teacher teaches students.
Syn: educator, instructorAnt: student
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāϚāύ⧇ āĻšāϞ⧇ a/an āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
honesty[/ˈɒnəsti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāϤāϤāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻ“ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāύ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϗ⧁āĻŖ
Example: Honesty is a great quality.
Syn: truthfulness, integrityAnt: dishonesty, deceit
💡 Exam tip: āϗ⧁āϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇ article āύāĻž-āĻ“ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇: HonestyāĨ¤
sincerity[/sÉĒnˈserəti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž
Alt: āĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻž
Example: Honesty and sincerity are valuable qualities.
Syn: earnestness, genuinenessAnt: insincerity, hypocrisy
💡 Exam tip: Honesty and sincerity are two great qualities—āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
victim[/ˈvÉĒktÉĒm/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻžāϧ⧇ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: They were victims of a cyclone.
Syn: sufferer, casualtyAnt: survivor, winner
💡 Exam tip: āĻāĻ•āϜāύ victim āĻšāϞ⧇ a victim; āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻšāϞ⧇ the victimāĨ¤
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ noun-āϟāĻŋ singular countable āĻ•āĻŋ āύāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
â€ĸ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻšāϞ⧇ a/an āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻžāϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻšāϞ⧇ the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
â€ĸ a/an āĻŦāĻžāĻ›āĻžāχ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āύ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤
â€ĸ university, uniform, European-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ a āĻŦāϏ⧇, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ /juː/ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤
â€ĸ hour, honest, heir-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ an āĻŦāϏ⧇, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ h āύ⧀āϰāĻŦāĨ¤
â€ĸ the sun, the moon, the Earth, the sky āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ the world—āĻāχ āĻ…āύāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āφāϗ⧇ the āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â€ĸ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ plural noun āĻ“ uncountable noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ X āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇: Books are useful; Water is necessaryāĨ¤
â€ĸ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ noun āĻšā§‡āύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ of-phrase, relative clause āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
â€ĸ go to bed āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ go to the bed-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻ• āύāϝāĻŧ; āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟāĻŋ āϘ⧁āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ›āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
â€ĸ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ noun-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϤāĻž āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤

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