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English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Modals - Vocabulary

Class 6 to 8 ¡ English ¡ 14 Aug 2026

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Class 6 to 8English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Modals - Vocabulary

Chapter: Modals

📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Seven
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
abilityadviceadviseallowauxiliarybase verbcancouldcompulsorydutyforbidfutureimpossiblemaymodalmustnecessarynecessityobligationpermissionpolitepossibilityrecommendrequestshallshouldsuggestwillingwillwould
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē Modal + base verb: can swim, may go, must study, should rest.
â–ē Modal verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ -s, -ed āĻŦāĻž -ing āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ āύāĻž: She can sing; She cannot sings.
â–ē Modal verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ to āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻž: He must go, not He must to go.
â–ē Negative āĻ—āĻ āύ: modal + not + base verb; āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ can not/cannot, may not, should not, must not.
â–ē Can-āĻāϰ noun form ability āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ adjective form capable.
â–ē Possible-āĻāϰ noun form possibility; impossible āĻšāϞ⧋ im- prefix āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ possible-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āϰ⧂āĻĒ.
â–ē Advise āĻšāϞ⧋ verb āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ advice āĻšāϞ⧋ noun.
â–ē Recommend-āĻāϰ noun form recommendation; suggest-āĻāϰ noun form suggestion.
â–ē Ought-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ to + base verb āĻŦāϏ⧇: ought to help.
â–ē Need not āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āύ⧇āχ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ must not āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž.
1. Ability and Possibility (8 words)
can[/kÃĻn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻž; āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Rina can solve the problem.
Syn: be able toAnt: cannot, be unable to
💡 Exam tip: Can-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦāϏ⧇: can solve, can swim.
could[/kƊd/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤ; āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
Alt: āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž
Example: When I was young, I could run fast.
Syn: was able toAnt: could not
💡 Exam tip: Could āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ ability āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ polite request āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
ability[/əˈbÉĒləti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž
Alt: āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻž
Example: She has the ability to speak English well.
Syn: capacity, skillAnt: inability, weakness
💡 Exam tip: Ability-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ inability.
possibility[/ˌpɒsəˈbÉĒləti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: There is a possibility of rain today.
Syn: chance, likelihoodAnt: impossibility, certainty
💡 Exam tip: Possibility āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ may, might āĻŦāĻž could āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ.
possible[/ˈpɒsəbəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ
Alt: āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: It is possible to finish the work today.
Syn: feasible, practicableAnt: impossible, unlikely
💡 Exam tip: Possible-āĻāϰ noun form possibility.
impossible[/ÉĒmˈpɒsəbəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ
Alt: āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ āύāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: It is impossible to live without water.
Syn: unachievable, hopelessAnt: possible, achievable
💡 Exam tip: Im- āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ possible-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšā§Ÿ.
capable[/ˈkeÉĒpəbəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ
Alt: āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ
Example: He is capable of doing the task.
Syn: able, competentAnt: incapable, incompetent
💡 Exam tip: Capable-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ of + verb-ing āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ.
unable[/ƌnˈeÉĒbəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The old man was unable to walk.
Syn: incapable, powerlessAnt: able, capable
💡 Exam tip: Unable to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ base verb āĻŦāϏ⧇.
2. Permission and Requests (8 words)
may[/meÉĒ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž
Example: May I enter the room?
Syn: be permitted toAnt: may not, be forbidden to
💡 Exam tip: May I...? āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• permission āϚāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āϰ⧂āĻĒ.
permission[/pəˈmÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ
Example: You must take permission before leaving.
Syn: consent, approvalAnt: prohibition, refusal
💡 Exam tip: Permission-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ ask for, give āĻŦāĻž take āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ.
permit[/pəˈmÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The teacher permitted us to leave early.
Syn: allow, authorizeAnt: forbid, prevent
💡 Exam tip: Permit + object + to + verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ.
allow[/əˈlaʊ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: My parents allow me to play outside.
Syn: permit, letAnt: forbid, prohibit
💡 Exam tip: Allow-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ object + to-infinitive āĻŦāϏ⧇.
request[/rÉĒˈkwest/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ
Alt: āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ
Example: He made a polite request to the officer.
Syn: appeal, pleaAnt: command, refusal
💡 Exam tip: Request verb āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ: request help.
polite[/pəˈlaÉĒt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ
Alt: āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟāĻžāϚāĻžāϰāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
Example: Could you please open the window? It is a polite request.
Syn: courteous, civilAnt: rude, impolite
💡 Exam tip: Could āĻ“ would āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ can āĻ“ will-āĻāϰ āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ polite.
forbid[/fəˈbÉĒd/]verbhard
Meaning: āύāĻŋāώ⧇āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The sign forbids visitors to enter.
Syn: prohibit, banAnt: allow, permit
💡 Exam tip: Forbid-āĻāϰ past form forbade āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ past participle forbidden.
prohibition[/ˌprəʊhəˈbÉĒʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: āύāĻŋāώ⧇āϧāĻžāĻœā§āĻžāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŖ
Example: There is a prohibition against smoking here.
Syn: ban, restrictionAnt: permission, approval
💡 Exam tip: Must not āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ prohibition āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āύāĻŋāώ⧇āϧ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§Ÿ.
3. Obligation and Necessity (8 words)
must[/mƌst/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇
Alt: āĻĻā§ƒā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: You must obey your parents.
Syn: have to, be obliged toAnt: need not, may
💡 Exam tip: Must-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ to āĻŦāϏ⧇ āύāĻž: must obey, must go.
obligation[/ˌɒblÉĒˈɥeÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāϧāĻ•āϤāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ
Example: Students have an obligation to follow the rules.
Syn: duty, responsibilityAnt: freedom, option
💡 Exam tip: Must obligation āĻŦāĻž strong necessity āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
necessity[/nəˈsesəti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§ŸāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāϤāĻž
Example: Clean water is a necessity for life.
Syn: need, requirementAnt: luxury, option
💡 Exam tip: Necessity-āĻāϰ adjective form necessary.
necessary[/ˈnesəsəri/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ
Alt: āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ
Example: It is necessary to wear a uniform.
Syn: essential, requiredAnt: unnecessary, optional
💡 Exam tip: Necessary-āĻāϰ spelling-āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ one c āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰ⧇ double s āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇.
required[/rÉĒˈkwaÉĒəd/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻž āφāĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ•
Alt: āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ
Example: A passport is required for the journey.
Syn: necessary, compulsoryAnt: optional, unnecessary
💡 Exam tip: Required āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ necessary; āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§Ÿ synonym āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āφāϏ⧇.
compulsory[/kəmˈpʌlsəri/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāϤāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•
Alt: āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ
Example: Attendance is compulsory for all students.
Syn: mandatory, obligatoryAnt: optional, voluntary
💡 Exam tip: Compulsory-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ optional.
duty[/ˈdjuːti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ
Alt: āĻĻāĻžā§ŸāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ
Example: It is our duty to help the poor.
Syn: responsibility, obligationAnt: neglect, irresponsibility
💡 Exam tip: Duty to + verb āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ.
need[/niːd/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: You need not worry about the result.
Syn: require, wantAnt: lack, dispense with
💡 Exam tip: Need not āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āύ⧇āχ; āĻāϟāĻŋ must not-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āύ⧟.
4. Advice and Recommendation (8 words)
should[/ƃƊd/]verbeasy
Meaning: āωāϚāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: You should respect your elders.
Syn: ought to, had betterAnt: should not
💡 Exam tip: Should-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ base verb āĻŦāϏ⧇.
advice[/ədˈvaÉĒs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ
Alt: āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ
Example: The doctor gave me good advice.
Syn: guidance, recommendationAnt: misguidance, discouragement
💡 Exam tip: Advice uncountable noun; advices āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϭ⧁āϞ.
advise[/ədˈvaÉĒz/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: I advise you to study regularly.
Syn: recommend, counselAnt: mislead, discourage
💡 Exam tip: Advice noun, advise verb—spelling āĻ“ pronunciation āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž.
recommend[/ˌrekəˈmend/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϏ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: The teacher recommends that we read every day.
Syn: suggest, adviseAnt: discourage, reject
💡 Exam tip: Should āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ recommendation āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
suggest[/səˈdʒest/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: I suggest that you should take some rest.
Syn: propose, recommendAnt: oppose, reject
💡 Exam tip: Suggest-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ to + verb āύ⧟; suggest doing āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ.
ought[/ɔːt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āωāϚāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāύ⧋
Example: We ought to help the helpless.
Syn: should, be supposed toAnt: ought not to
💡 Exam tip: Ought-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ to + base verb āĻŦāϏ⧇: ought to help.
recommendation[/ˌrekəmenˈdeÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻļ
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ
Example: She followed her teacher's recommendation.
Syn: advice, suggestionAnt: disapproval, discouragement
💡 Exam tip: Recommend-āĻāϰ noun form recommendation.
rest[/rest/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āύ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: You should rest after a long journey.
Syn: relax, reposeAnt: work, exert
💡 Exam tip: Should rest āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āύ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ; should-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ rest āĻšā§Ÿ.
5. Will, Would and Shall (8 words)
will[/wÉĒl/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇
Alt: āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I will help you tomorrow.
Syn: be willing to, be going toAnt: will not, refuse
💡 Exam tip: Will āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž willingness āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
would[/wƊd/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ•āϰāϤ
Alt: āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ
Example: Would you please close the door?
Syn: used to, was willing toAnt: would not, refuse
💡 Exam tip: Would you...? polite request-āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ.
shall[/ʃÃĻl/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ•āϰāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Shall we start the lesson?
Syn: will, let usAnt: shall not
💡 Exam tip: Shall we...? āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϰ⧂āĻĒ.
willing[/ˈwÉĒlÉĒŋ/]adjeasy
Meaning: āχāĻšā§āϛ⧁āĻ•
Alt: āϰāĻžāϜāĻŋ
Example: She is willing to help us.
Syn: ready, eagerAnt: unwilling, reluctant
💡 Exam tip: Willing-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ to + base verb āĻŦāϏ⧇.
promise[/ˈprɒmÉĒs/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ⧁āϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§€āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I will promise to work hard.
Syn: pledge, assureAnt: break, deny
💡 Exam tip: Will āĻŦāĻž shall āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ⧁āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
offer[/ˈɒfə/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: I will offer you a glass of water.
Syn: propose, presentAnt: refuse, withdraw
💡 Exam tip: Will āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ offer āĻŦāĻž spontaneous decision āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāύ⧋ āϝāĻžā§Ÿ.
future[/ˈfjuːtʃə/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§Ž
Alt: āφāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ
Example: We should work hard for a bright future.
Syn: tomorrow, prospectAnt: past, history
💡 Exam tip: Will āĻ“ shall āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ future time āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
habit[/ˈhÃĻbÉĒt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ
Example: When he was young, he would visit his grandmother every Friday.
Syn: custom, practiceAnt: change, irregularity
💡 Exam tip: Would āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ repeated habit āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
6. Grammar Terms and Common Errors (8 words)
modal[/ˈməʊdəl/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ-āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āϏāĻšāĻžā§ŸāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž
Alt: modal auxiliary
Example: Can is a modal verb.
Syn: modal auxiliary, helping verbAnt: main verb
💡 Exam tip: Modal-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ base form of verb āĻŦāϏ⧇.
auxiliary[/ɔːɡˈzÉĒliəri/]adjhard
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžā§ŸāĻ•
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: A modal is an auxiliary verb.
Syn: helping, supportingAnt: main, independent
💡 Exam tip: Modal auxiliary verb main verb-āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ—āϤ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
base[/beÉĒs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϰ⧂āĻĒ
Alt: āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: Write the base form after a modal.
Syn: root, basic formAnt: derived form
💡 Exam tip: Can go āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•; can goes āϭ⧁āϞ.
verb[/vɜːb/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Run is a verb.
Syn: action word, predicateAnt: noun
💡 Exam tip: Modal-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ.
negative[/ˈneɡətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āύāĻž-āĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ•
Example: Must not is the negative form of must.
Syn: åĻ厚āϏ⧂āϚāĻ•, unfavourableAnt: positive, affirmative
💡 Exam tip: Modal-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ not āĻŦāϏāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ negative āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ.
affirmative[/əˈfɜːmətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āχāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻšā§āϝāĻžāρ-āĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ•
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋāϏ⧂āϚāĻ•
Example: She can swim is an affirmative sentence.
Syn: positive, assertiveAnt: negative, åĻ厚āϏ⧂āϚāĻ•
💡 Exam tip: Affirmative sentence-āĻ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ not āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻž.
obey[/əˈbeÉĒ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āφāĻœā§āĻžāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻž
Example: Students must obey the school rules.
Syn: follow, comply withAnt: disobey, defy
💡 Exam tip: Must obey strong obligation āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
mistake[/mÉĒˈsteÉĒk/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϭ⧁āϞ
Alt: āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧁āϟāĻŋ
Example: Adding s after a modal is a common mistake.
Syn: error, faultAnt: correctness, accuracy
💡 Exam tip: Can sings, must to go—āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ common modal mistake āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹.
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ Modals-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ main verb-āĻāϰ base form āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋: He can play, not He can plays.
â€ĸ Must strong obligation āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāϧāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇; should āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ advice āĻŦāĻž recommendation āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
â€ĸ Must not āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āύāĻŋāώ⧇āϧ; need not āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āύ⧇āĻ‡â€”āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĢ⧇āϞ⧋ āύāĻž.
â€ĸ May āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ formal permission-āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ can āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ ability āĻŦāĻž informal permission-āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ.
â€ĸ Could āĻ…āϤ⧀āϤ⧇āϰ ability āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ polite request āωāϭ⧟āχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
â€ĸ May, might āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ could possibility āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇; certainty āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• modal āĻŦ⧇āϛ⧇ āύāĻžāĻ“.
â€ĸ Would you...? āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Could you...? āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ⧇āϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§‹.
â€ĸ Shall we...? āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž suggestion āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
â€ĸ Modal-āĻāϰ negative form-āĻ not modal-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āχ āĻŦāϏ⧇: should not go.
â€ĸ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§‚āϰāϪ⧇ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‹â€”ability, permission, obligation, advice āύāĻž possibilityāĨ¤

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