Chapter: Introductory ‘There’ & ‘It’
📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Six
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
exist — অস্তিত্ব থাকাexistence — অস্তিত্বavailable — উপলব্ধaccident — দুর্ঘটনাsituation — পরিস্থিতিpossible — সম্ভবimpossible — অসম্ভবnecessary — প্রয়োজনীয়weather — আবহাওয়াsunny — রৌদ্রোজ্জ্বলrainy — বৃষ্টিপূর্ণbreeze — মৃদু বাতাসuniform — ইউনিফর্মstrict — কঠোরcontact — যোগাযোগ করাproud — গর্বিতfamous — বিখ্যাতexciting — উত্তেজনাপূর্ণboring — একঘেয়েexplore — অন্বেষণ করাdisturbance — বিঘ্নnuisance — উপদ্রবconcentrate — মনোযোগ দেওয়াcivilized — সভ্যcalm — শান্তquiet — নীরবfresh — টাটকাsplendid — চমৎকারtemptation — প্রলোভনexperience — অভিজ্ঞতা
📃 Word Formation Rules
► There is + singular countable noun: There is a pond.
► There are + plural noun: There are many students.
► There was + singular noun for a past event: There was an accident.
► There were + plural noun for past existence or events: There were many visitors.
► It is or It’s + time: It is eleven o’clock.
► It is or It’s + weather description: It is a sunny day.
► It is or It’s + adjective + to-infinitive: It is difficult to concentrate.
► It is or It’s + adjective + for someone + to-infinitive: It is natural for children to play.
► Add -y to some nouns to form adjectives: sun → sunny, rain → rainy, breeze → breezy.
► Add -ment to some verbs to form nouns: disturb → disturbance.
► Add -tion to some verbs to form nouns: tempt → temptation.
► Use the prefix im- to make the opposite of some adjectives: possible → impossible.
1. Existence and Presence (9 words)
exist[/ɪɡˈzɪst/]verbmedium
Meaning: অস্তিত্ব থাকা
Alt: বিদ্যমান থাকা
Example: Many kinds of fish exist in the river.
Syn: live, be presentAnt: disappear
💡 Exam tip: Use there is or there are to say that something exists.
existence[/ɪɡˈzɪstəns/]nounmedium
Meaning: অস্তিত্ব
Alt: বিদ্যমানতা
Example: There is evidence of the existence of a pond.
Syn: presence, beingAnt: absence
💡 Exam tip: Existence is the noun form of exist.
presence[/ˈprezəns/]nounmedium
Meaning: উপস্থিতি
Alt: উপস্থিত থাকার অবস্থা
Example: There was a large crowd in the presence of the chief guest.
Syn: attendance, appearanceAnt: absence
💡 Exam tip: Presence means being present in a place.
available[/əˈveɪləbl/]adjeasy
Meaning: পাওয়া যায় এমন
Alt: উপলব্ধ
Example: There are different types of fish available in the market.
Syn: obtainable, accessibleAnt: unavailable
💡 Exam tip: Available is often used after there is or there are.
remain[/rɪˈmeɪn/]verbmedium
Meaning: থেকে যাওয়া
Alt: অবশিষ্ট থাকা
Example: There remain a few students in the classroom.
Syn: stay, continueAnt: leave
💡 Exam tip: Remain can describe something that continues to be present.
contain[/kənˈteɪn/]verbmedium
Meaning: ধারণ করা
Alt: ভেতরে থাকা
Example: The pond contains many small fish.
Syn: hold, includeAnt: exclude
💡 Exam tip: Contain is useful when describing what a place or thing has inside it.
include[/ɪnˈkluːd/]verbeasy
Meaning: অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা
Alt: এর মধ্যে রাখা
Example: The school includes a field and a library.
Syn: contain, involveAnt: exclude
💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse include with conclude.
number[/ˈnʌmbər/]nouneasy
Meaning: সংখ্যা
Alt: পরিমাণ
Example: There are a large number of students in the school.
Syn: amount, quantityAnt: lack
💡 Exam tip: Use there are with plural numbers and plural nouns.
crowded[/ˈkraʊdɪd/]adjeasy
Meaning: ভিড়পূর্ণ
Alt: জনাকীর্ণ
Example: There are fewer tourists because the beach is not crowded.
Syn: busy, packedAnt: empty
💡 Exam tip: Crowded describes a place containing many people.
2. Time, Date and Weather (9 words)
o'clock[/əˈklɒk/]nouneasy
Meaning: টা
Alt: ঘণ্টার নির্দিষ্ট সময়
Example: It is eleven o'clock now.
Syn: hour, time
💡 Exam tip: Use it is or it’s before the time.
period[/ˈpɪəriəd/]nouneasy
Meaning: পিরিয়ড
Alt: নির্দিষ্ট সময়কাল
Example: It is time for our first period.
Syn: class, durationAnt: break
💡 Exam tip: Period may mean a class or a length of time.
weather[/ˈweðər/]nouneasy
Meaning: আবহাওয়া
Alt: বায়ুমণ্ডলের অবস্থা
Example: It is pleasant weather today.
Syn: climate, atmosphere
💡 Exam tip: Use introductory it to talk about weather.
sunny[/ˈsʌni/]adjeasy
Meaning: রৌদ্রোজ্জ্বল
Alt: সূর্যালোকপূর্ণ
Example: It is a clear and sunny day.
Syn: bright, clearAnt: cloudy
💡 Exam tip: Sunny is an adjective used after it is.
rainy[/ˈreɪni/]adjeasy
Meaning: বৃষ্টিভেজা
Alt: বৃষ্টিপূর্ণ
Example: It is a rainy day in Binodpur.
Syn: wet, showeryAnt: dry
💡 Exam tip: Use rainy to describe a day or season with rain.
breeze[/briːz/]nouneasy
Meaning: মৃদু বাতাস
Alt: হালকা হাওয়া
Example: There is a gentle breeze by the sea.
Syn: wind, airAnt: stillness
💡 Exam tip: Breeze is a noun; breezy is its adjective form.
breezy[/ˈbriːzi/]adjmedium
Meaning: বাতাসপূর্ণ
Alt: হাওয়াযুক্ত
Example: It is breezy near the beach.
Syn: windy, airyAnt: calm
💡 Exam tip: Use it is breezy, not there is breezy.
daytime[/ˈdeɪtaɪm/]nouneasy
Meaning: দিনের বেলা
Alt: দিবাকাল
Example: It is safer to travel in the daytime.
Syn: daylight, dayAnt: nighttime
💡 Exam tip: Introductory it can refer to parts of the day.
season[/ˈsiːzn/]nouneasy
Meaning: ঋতু
Alt: মৌসুম
Example: It is a good season to visit Kuakata.
Syn: period, time
💡 Exam tip: Use it is to describe a suitable season or time.
3. Places and Situations (9 words)
accident[/ˈæksɪdənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: দুর্ঘটনা
Alt: অনিচ্ছাকৃত ক্ষতিকর ঘটনা
Example: There was an accident on our way to school.
Syn: mishap, crashAnt: success
💡 Exam tip: Use there was with a singular past event.
situation[/ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃn/]nounmedium
Meaning: পরিস্থিতি
Alt: অবস্থা
Example: It was a difficult situation for the boy.
Syn: condition, circumstanceAnt: solution
💡 Exam tip: Introductory it can describe someone’s situation.
possible[/ˈpɒsəbl/]adjeasy
Meaning: সম্ভব
Alt: করা যেতে পারে এমন
Example: It is possible to visit the market today.
Syn: feasible, practicableAnt: impossible
💡 Exam tip: The pattern is it is possible to + verb.
impossible[/ɪmˈpɒsəbl/]adjeasy
Meaning: অসম্ভব
Alt: করা যায় না এমন
Example: It is impossible to see everything in one day.
Syn: unachievable, hopelessAnt: possible
💡 Exam tip: Impossible is formed with the prefix im-.
hard[/hɑːrd/]adjeasy
Meaning: কঠিন
Alt: দুরূহ
Example: It was not hard to contact the school.
Syn: difficult, toughAnt: easy
💡 Exam tip: The pattern is it is hard to + verb.
easy[/ˈiːzi/]adjeasy
Meaning: সহজ
Alt: সরল
Example: It is easy to find the school.
Syn: simple, effortlessAnt: hard
💡 Exam tip: Easy can describe an action or a situation with introductory it.
necessary[/ˈnesəsəri/]adjmedium
Meaning: প্রয়োজনীয়
Alt: অপরিহার্য
Example: It is necessary to wear a school uniform.
Syn: essential, requiredAnt: unnecessary
💡 Exam tip: Use it is necessary to + base verb.
nearby[/ˌnɪərˈbaɪ/]adveasy
Meaning: কাছাকাছি
Alt: নিকটবর্তী স্থানে
Example: There is a local restaurant nearby.
Syn: close, nearAnt: faraway
💡 Exam tip: Nearby may come at the end of a sentence.
local[/ˈləʊkl/]adjeasy
Meaning: স্থানীয়
Alt: নিজ এলাকার
Example: There is a local market in the village.
Syn: regional, nativeAnt: foreign
💡 Exam tip: Local describes something belonging to a particular area.
4. School and Social Life (9 words)
uniform[/ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm/]nouneasy
Meaning: ইউনিফর্ম
Alt: নির্দিষ্ট পোশাক
Example: There is a school uniform for all students.
Syn: dress, outfitAnt: casualwear
💡 Exam tip: Uniform is a countable noun when referring to one set of clothes.
strict[/strɪkt/]adjmedium
Meaning: কঠোর
Alt: নিয়ম মেনে চলতে বাধ্য করে এমন
Example: It is good that the teachers are strict about uniforms.
Syn: severe, firmAnt: lenient
💡 Exam tip: Strict is commonly followed by about or with.
student[/ˈstjuːdnt/]nouneasy
Meaning: শিক্ষার্থী
Alt: ছাত্র বা ছাত্রী
Example: There are one thousand students in the school.
Syn: learner, pupilAnt: teacher
💡 Exam tip: Student has the plural form students.
teacher[/ˈtiːtʃər/]nouneasy
Meaning: শিক্ষক
Alt: যিনি শিক্ষা দেন
Example: There are fifty teachers in our school.
Syn: educator, instructorAnt: student
💡 Exam tip: Use there are before the plural noun teachers.
schooling[/ˈskuːlɪŋ/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা
Alt: বিদ্যালয়ে পড়াশোনা
Example: There is good schooling in the town.
Syn: education, instructionAnt: ignorance
💡 Exam tip: Schooling is an uncountable noun in many contexts.
neighbour[/ˈneɪbər/]nouneasy
Meaning: প্রতিবেশী
Alt: পাশের বাড়ির ব্যক্তি
Example: There are friendly neighbours around our house.
Syn: resident, nearby person
💡 Exam tip: The American spelling is neighbor.
contact[/ˈkɒntækt/]verbmedium
Meaning: যোগাযোগ করা
Alt: সংযোগ স্থাপন করা
Example: People contacted the school after the accident.
Syn: communicate, reachAnt: avoid
💡 Exam tip: Contact can be used as both a noun and a verb.
proud[/praʊd/]adjeasy
Meaning: গর্বিত
Alt: আত্মমর্যাদাবোধসম্পন্ন
Example: We are proud of our school.
Syn: pleased, honouredAnt: ashamed
💡 Exam tip: The correct preposition after proud is of.
famous[/ˈfeɪməs/]adjeasy
Meaning: বিখ্যাত
Alt: সুপরিচিত
Example: The school is old and quite famous.
Syn: well-known, renownedAnt: unknown
💡 Exam tip: Quite famous means fairly or very well-known.
5. Activities and Public Nuisance (9 words)
exciting[/ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/]adjeasy
Meaning: উত্তেজনাপূর্ণ
Alt: আনন্দদায়ক ও রোমাঞ্চকর
Example: There is an exciting film at the cinema.
Syn: thrilling, interestingAnt: boring
💡 Exam tip: Exciting describes something that causes excitement.
boring[/ˈbɔːrɪŋ/]adjeasy
Meaning: একঘেয়ে
Alt: বিরক্তিকর
Example: It is boring to do nothing all day.
Syn: dull, tediousAnt: exciting
💡 Exam tip: Use it is boring to describe an activity or situation.
explore[/ɪkˈsplɔːr/]verbmedium
Meaning: অন্বেষণ করা
Alt: ঘুরে দেখে জানা
Example: There are many places to explore in Kuakata.
Syn: investigate, discoverAnt: ignore
💡 Exam tip: The pattern is places to explore.
cinema[/ˈsɪnəmə/]nouneasy
Meaning: সিনেমা হল
Alt: চলচ্চিত্র প্রদর্শনের স্থান
Example: There is a new film at the cinema.
Syn: movie theatre, theatre
💡 Exam tip: Cinema is a place; use there is before a singular cinema.
disturbance[/dɪˈstɜːrbəns/]nounhard
Meaning: বিঘ্ন
Alt: শান্তি নষ্ট করা
Example: The loud music causes disturbance to others.
Syn: disruption, interruptionAnt: peace
💡 Exam tip: Disturbance is the noun form of disturb.
nuisance[/ˈnjuːsns/]nounhard
Meaning: উপদ্রব
Alt: বিরক্তিকর ব্যাপার
Example: Loud music at midnight is a public nuisance.
Syn: annoyance, irritationAnt: comfort
💡 Exam tip: Public nuisance means an activity that troubles many people.
concentrate[/ˈkɒnsəntreɪt/]verbmedium
Meaning: মনোযোগ দেওয়া
Alt: একাগ্র হওয়া
Example: It is difficult for students to concentrate in noise.
Syn: focus, attendAnt: distract
💡 Exam tip: The pattern is concentrate on something.
civilized[/ˈsɪvəlaɪzd/]adjmedium
Meaning: সভ্য
Alt: শিষ্ট ও উন্নত আচরণসম্পন্ন
Example: It is not civilized to disturb others at night.
Syn: cultured, politeAnt: uncivilized
💡 Exam tip: Civilized is formed from the noun civilization.
roar[/rɔːr/]nounmedium
Meaning: গর্জন
Alt: জোরে শব্দ
Example: There is a loud roar from the sea.
Syn: crash, boomAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Roar can be both a noun and a verb.
6. Feelings, Nature and Description (9 words)
wonderful[/ˈwʌndərfl/]adjeasy
Meaning: চমৎকার
Alt: অসাধারণ
Example: It is a wonderful experience to swim in the pond.
Syn: excellent, marvellousAnt: terrible
💡 Exam tip: Wonderful is often used after it is to express feelings.
calm[/kɑːm/]adjeasy
Meaning: শান্ত
Alt: নিরিবিলি
Example: There is a calm and quiet atmosphere by the sea.
Syn: peaceful, stillAnt: agitated
💡 Exam tip: Calm may describe weather, water, a place or a person.
quiet[/ˈkwaɪət/]adjeasy
Meaning: নীরব
Alt: শব্দহীন
Example: It is quiet in the village at night.
Syn: silent, peacefulAnt: noisy
💡 Exam tip: Quiet has two syllables and should not be confused with quite.
fresh[/freʃ/]adjeasy
Meaning: টাটকা
Alt: সতেজ
Example: The fish are fresh in the local market.
Syn: new, pureAnt: stale
💡 Exam tip: Fresh is used for food, air, flowers and ideas.
splendid[/ˈsplendɪd/]adjmedium
Meaning: দারুণ
Alt: জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ বা চমৎকার
Example: It is a splendid market.
Syn: excellent, magnificentAnt: ordinary
💡 Exam tip: Splendid is a strong synonym of wonderful.
temptation[/tempˈteɪʃn/]nounhard
Meaning: প্রলোভন
Alt: কোনো কিছু করার প্রবল ইচ্ছা
Example: There is a strong temptation to eat the delicious hilsha fry.
Syn: attraction, enticementAnt: repulsion
💡 Exam tip: Temptation is the noun form of tempt.
experience[/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/]nounmedium
Meaning: অভিজ্ঞতা
Alt: কোনো ঘটনা থেকে পাওয়া জ্ঞান বা অনুভূতি
Example: It was a wonderful experience for the children.
Syn: adventure, eventAnt: inexperience
💡 Exam tip: Experience can be a countable or uncountable noun.
pleasant[/ˈpleznt/]adjeasy
Meaning: মনোরম
Alt: আনন্দদায়ক
Example: It is pleasant to sit under a colourful umbrella.
Syn: enjoyable, agreeableAnt: unpleasant
💡 Exam tip: Pleasant describes something that gives comfort or pleasure.
natural[/ˈnætʃrəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: স্বাভাবিক
Alt: প্রকৃতিগত
Example: It is quite natural for children to play.
Syn: normal, inbornAnt: unnatural
💡 Exam tip: The pattern is it is natural for someone to + verb.
💡 Exam Tips
• Use there to say that something or someone exists in a place.
• Use there is with a singular noun or an uncountable noun.
• Use there are with plural nouns.
• Use there was for a singular past event and there were for plural past events.
• Use introductory it for time, dates, days, months and weather.
• Use it is or it’s before adjectives such as possible, difficult, easy, natural and necessary.
• In a sentence with there is or there are, the real subject usually comes after the verb.
• Do not use it is to show existence; write there is or there are.
• Remember the difference between there, their and they’re: there means a place or existence, their means belonging to them, and they’re means they are.
• Remember the difference between its and it’s: its shows possession, while it’s means it is or it has.
• Check whether the noun is singular or plural before choosing is, are, was or were.
• In transformation questions, preserve the tense while changing between full forms and contractions such as it is and it’s.