English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Linking Words - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Linking Words

📚 Vocabulary

English Grammar and Composition Class Seven

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

linklinking wordcoherentfirstlysecondlymoreoverbesidesbecausesincethereforethusconsequentlythenafterwardsfinallyhoweveryetalthoughneverthelessin factifunlessotherwiseprovided thatas a resultdiscontinuereflectstrugglesurvivedeprive

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add the suffix -ly to many adjectives to form adverbs: final → finally, consequent → consequently, eventual → eventually.

► Add the prefix dis- to form an opposite or negative verb: continue → discontinue.

► Add the prefix in- to form an adjective with a negative meaning: coherent → incoherent.

► Add the suffix -ment to a verb to form a noun: establish → establishment.

► Add the suffix -ion to a verb to form a noun: educate → education, examine → examination.

► Add the suffix -er to a verb to form a person noun: read → reader, write → writer.

► Add the suffix -ful to a noun to form an adjective: care → careful, success → successful.

► Add the suffix -less to a noun to form an adjective meaning without: care → careless, hope → hopeless.

► Use -s or -es to form the third-person singular present form: link → links, express → expresses.

► Change y to i before adding -ly when necessary: happy → happily, easy → easily.

1. Listing and Adding Linkers (8 words)

firstly[ফার্স্টলি]adveasy

Meaning: প্রথমত

Alt: শুরুতে

Example: Firstly, we should understand the topic.

Syn: to begin withAnt: finally

💡 Exam tip: Use firstly to introduce the first point in a list.

secondly[সেকেন্ডলি]adveasy

Meaning: দ্বিতীয়ত

Alt: দ্বিতীয় পয়েন্ট হিসেবে

Example: Secondly, students should be punctual.

Syn: in the second placeAnt: firstly

💡 Exam tip: Use secondly after firstly when giving another point.

thirdly[থার্ডলি]adveasy

Meaning: তৃতীয়ত

Alt: তৃতীয় পয়েন্ট হিসেবে

Example: Thirdly, they must obey the rules.

Syn: in the third placeAnt: firstly

💡 Exam tip: Use thirdly to introduce the third item in a sequence.

moreover[মোরওভার]advmedium

Meaning: তদুপরি

Alt: এছাড়াও

Example: Moreover, he is an honest man.

Syn: furthermore, besidesAnt: however

💡 Exam tip: Moreover adds a stronger or additional supporting idea.

besides[বিসাইডস]adveasy

Meaning: এছাড়া

Alt: অতিরিক্তভাবে

Example: Besides, all the players were in good form.

Syn: moreover, alsoAnt: instead

💡 Exam tip: Besides may be used to add another reason or fact.

also[অলসো]adveasy

Meaning: এছাড়াও

Alt: আরও

Example: She also takes part in debate competitions.

Syn: too, as wellAnt: neither

💡 Exam tip: Also usually comes before the main verb but after the verb be.

and[অ্যান্ড]conjeasy

Meaning: এবং

Alt: ও

Example: Rina reads books and plays games.

Syn: as well asAnt: or

💡 Exam tip: Use and to join similar words, phrases, or clauses.

next[নেক্সট]adveasy

Meaning: পরবর্তী

Alt: এরপর

Example: Next, he explained the importance of education.

Syn: then, afterwardsAnt: previously

💡 Exam tip: Next shows the following step or point.

2. Cause and Effect Linkers (8 words)

because[বিকজ]conjeasy

Meaning: কারণ

Alt: যেহেতু

Example: He stayed at home because he was ill.

Syn: as, sinceAnt: although

💡 Exam tip: Because introduces the reason for an action or situation.

since[সিন্স]conjmedium

Meaning: যেহেতু

Alt: থেকে

Example: Since it was raining, Rajib stayed indoors.

Syn: because, asAnt: although

💡 Exam tip: Since can express both time and reason; identify its meaning from context.

as[অ্যাজ]conjmedium

Meaning: যেহেতু

Alt: যেমন বা হিসেবে

Example: As he was sick, he did not go to school.

Syn: because, sinceAnt: but

💡 Exam tip: As introduces a reason when it means যেহেতু.

so[সো]conjeasy

Meaning: তাই

Alt: ফলে

Example: Kamal was sick, so he did not go to school.

Syn: therefore, thusAnt: nevertheless

💡 Exam tip: So introduces the result of the preceding clause.

therefore[দেয়ারফোর]advmedium

Meaning: অতএব

Alt: সুতরাং

Example: He worked hard; therefore, he succeeded.

Syn: thus, consequentlyAnt: nevertheless

💡 Exam tip: Therefore connects a cause with its logical result.

thus[দাস]advmedium

Meaning: এভাবে বা সুতরাং

Alt: ফলে

Example: His writings reflect people’s struggles; thus, they remain valuable.

Syn: therefore, soAnt: however

💡 Exam tip: Thus may show a result or explain the manner of doing something.

consequently[কনসিকুয়েন্টলি]advhard

Meaning: ফলস্বরূপ

Alt: তাই

Example: His father opposed education; consequently, Dipak left school.

Syn: as a result, thereforeAnt: however

💡 Exam tip: Use consequently before a result, often after a semicolon or full stop.

as a result[অ্যাজ আ রিজাল্ট]advmedium

Meaning: ফলস্বরূপ

Alt: এর ফলে

Example: The road was flooded; as a result, traffic stopped.

Syn: consequently, thereforeAnt: despite this

💡 Exam tip: As a result is a common phrase for joining cause and effect.

3. Time and Sequence Linkers (8 words)

then[দেন]adveasy

Meaning: তারপর

Alt: তখন

Example: Then, he was admitted to Mitford Medical School.

Syn: afterwards, nextAnt: before

💡 Exam tip: Then shows what happened after an earlier event.

afterwards[আফটারওয়ার্ডস]adveasy

Meaning: পরে

Alt: পরবর্তীতে

Example: He finished his work and afterwards went home.

Syn: then, laterAnt: beforehand

💡 Exam tip: Afterwards refers to a later time in a sequence.

later[লেটার]adveasy

Meaning: পরে

Alt: পরবর্তী সময়ে

Example: She later became a successful writer.

Syn: afterwards, subsequentlyAnt: earlier

💡 Exam tip: Later can refer to a time after the present or after another event.

before[বিফোর]conjeasy

Meaning: আগে

Alt: পূর্বে

Example: Wash your hands before you eat.

Syn: prior toAnt: after

💡 Exam tip: Before introduces an earlier action or time.

after[আফটার]conjeasy

Meaning: পরে

Alt: পরবর্তী সময়ে

Example: After he completed his studies, he began writing.

Syn: followingAnt: before

💡 Exam tip: After introduces an event that follows another event.

when[হোয়েন]conjeasy

Meaning: যখন

Alt: যে সময়ে

Example: Call me when you reach home.

Syn: at the time whenAnt: never

💡 Exam tip: When links an action to a particular time.

while[হোয়াইল]conjmedium

Meaning: যখন বা যতক্ষণ

Alt: অন্যদিকে

Example: She listened to music while she was studying.

Syn: during the time thatAnt: after

💡 Exam tip: While may express simultaneous actions or contrast.

finally[ফাইনালি]adveasy

Meaning: অবশেষে

Alt: সবশেষে

Example: Finally, the team won the important match.

Syn: at last, in conclusionAnt: initially

💡 Exam tip: Finally introduces the last point or event.

4. Contrast and Reinforcement Linkers (8 words)

but[বাট]conjeasy

Meaning: কিন্তু

Alt: তবে

Example: He is poor but honest.

Syn: however, yetAnt: and

💡 Exam tip: But joins two contrasting ideas.

however[হাওএভার]advmedium

Meaning: তবে

Alt: কিন্তু

Example: He was ill; however, he continued writing.

Syn: nevertheless, yetAnt: similarly

💡 Exam tip: However usually contrasts the previous statement and often follows a full stop or semicolon.

yet[ইয়েট]advmedium

Meaning: তবুও

Alt: এখনও

Example: Yet, his pen did not stop.

Syn: nevertheless, stillAnt: already

💡 Exam tip: Yet can show contrast; it may also mean এখনও in a negative sentence.

although[অলদো]conjeasy

Meaning: যদিও

Alt: সত্ত্বেও

Example: Although it was raining, Rajib went to the market.

Syn: though, even thoughAnt: because

💡 Exam tip: Although introduces a subordinate clause showing contrast.

though[দো]conjmedium

Meaning: যদিও

Alt: তবুও

Example: Though he was tired, he completed the task.

Syn: although, even thoughAnt: because

💡 Exam tip: Though has almost the same meaning as although.

nevertheless[নেভারদেলেস]advhard

Meaning: তবুও

Alt: তা সত্ত্বেও

Example: The task was difficult; nevertheless, she completed it.

Syn: however, nonethelessAnt: therefore

💡 Exam tip: Nevertheless introduces a result that contrasts with expectations.

in fact[ইন ফ্যাক্ট]advmedium

Meaning: প্রকৃতপক্ষে

Alt: বাস্তবে

Example: In fact, they proved their ability in the field.

Syn: indeed, actuallyAnt: apparently

💡 Exam tip: In fact reinforces or emphasizes a statement.

indeed[ইনডিড]advmedium

Meaning: নিশ্চয়ই

Alt: প্রকৃতপক্ষে

Example: Indeed, hard work brings success.

Syn: certainly, reallyAnt: doubtfully

💡 Exam tip: Indeed is used to strengthen or confirm an idea.

5. Condition and Choice Linkers (8 words)

if[ইফ]conjeasy

Meaning: যদি

Alt: শর্তসাপেক্ষে

Example: You can succeed if you work hard.

Syn: provided thatAnt: unless

💡 Exam tip: If introduces a condition.

unless[আনলেস]conjmedium

Meaning: যদি না

Alt: ব্যতিক্রম না হলে

Example: You will fail unless you study regularly.

Syn: if notAnt: if

💡 Exam tip: Unless means if not and is normally followed by an affirmative verb.

provided that[প্রোভাইডেড দ্যাট]conjhard

Meaning: শর্ত থাকে যে

Alt: যদি

Example: You may go provided that you return early.

Syn: if, on condition thatAnt: unless

💡 Exam tip: Provided that expresses a definite condition.

as long as[অ্যাজ লং অ্যাজ]conjhard

Meaning: যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত

Alt: যদি

Example: You may play as long as you finish your homework.

Syn: provided that, ifAnt: unless

💡 Exam tip: As long as can express a condition or duration.

otherwise[আদারওয়াইজ]advmedium

Meaning: অন্যথায়

Alt: তা না হলে

Example: Study attentively; otherwise, you may fail.

Syn: or elseAnt: similarly

💡 Exam tip: Otherwise shows the negative result of not following advice.

or[অর]conjeasy

Meaning: অথবা

Alt: নয়তো

Example: You can read a book or play outside.

Syn: alternativelyAnt: and

💡 Exam tip: Or presents alternatives or choices.

either...or[আইদার...অর]conjmedium

Meaning: হয়...অথবা

Alt: দুটির একটিতে

Example: Either Rafi or Sami will lead the team.

Syn: one or the otherAnt: neither...nor

💡 Exam tip: Use either before the first alternative and or before the second.

neither...nor[নাইদার...নর]conjhard

Meaning: কোনোটিই নয়

Alt: না...না

Example: Neither the father nor the mother sent him to school.

Syn: not...orAnt: either...or

💡 Exam tip: Neither...nor joins two negative alternatives without using another not.

6. General Vocabulary from the Chapter (8 words)

link[লিংক]verbeasy

Meaning: সংযুক্ত করা

Alt: যোগসূত্র স্থাপন করা

Example: Linking words link ideas together.

Syn: connect, joinAnt: separate

💡 Exam tip: Remember that a link connects words, clauses, or sentences.

coherent[কোহিয়ারেন্ট]adjhard

Meaning: সুসংগত

Alt: পরস্পর সম্পর্কযুক্ত

Example: Linking words make a paragraph coherent.

Syn: logical, consistentAnt: incoherent

💡 Exam tip: A coherent paragraph has ideas arranged logically.

avid[অ্যাভিড]adjhard

Meaning: উৎসাহী

Alt: অত্যন্ত আগ্রহী

Example: Somen Chanda was an avid reader from his boyhood.

Syn: enthusiastic, eagerAnt: indifferent

💡 Exam tip: Avid is commonly used before reader, learner, or supporter.

discontinue[ডিসকন্টিনিউ]verbmedium

Meaning: বন্ধ করে দেওয়া

Alt: চালিয়ে না যাওয়া

Example: He had to discontinue his studies because of ill health.

Syn: stop, ceaseAnt: continue

💡 Exam tip: Discontinue means to stop something that was continuing.

reflect[রিফ্লেক্ট]verbmedium

Meaning: প্রতিফলিত করা

Alt: প্রকাশ করা

Example: His writings reflect the struggles of ordinary people.

Syn: express, showAnt: hide

💡 Exam tip: Reflect may mean show or represent an idea or condition.

struggle[স্ট্রাগল]nounmedium

Meaning: সংগ্রাম

Alt: কঠিন চেষ্টা

Example: The story describes the struggles of the people.

Syn: fight, effortAnt: ease

💡 Exam tip: Struggle can be used as both a noun and a verb.

survive[সারভাইভ]verbmedium

Meaning: টিকে থাকা

Alt: বেঁচে থাকা

Example: Great writings survive their authors.

Syn: endure, remainAnt: perish

💡 Exam tip: Survive means continue to exist after difficulty or death.

deprive[ডিপ্রাইভ]verbhard

Meaning: বঞ্চিত করা

Alt: কোনো কিছু থেকে দূরে রাখা

Example: Dipak is being deprived of primary education.

Syn: deny, withholdAnt: provide

💡 Exam tip: Use deprive with of: deprive someone of something.

💡 Exam Tips

• Use and to add similar ideas, but or to show alternatives and but to show contrast.

• Use because, since, or as to introduce a cause; use so, therefore, thus, or consequently to introduce an effect.

• Use firstly, secondly, thirdly, next, then, and finally to arrange points in order.

• Although and though are followed by a complete clause, while despite is followed by a noun or gerund.

• Do not use although and but together in the same sentence: Although it rained, Rajib went out.

• Unless means if not, so avoid using another not after unless in a standard sentence.

• Use however as a separate linking adverb, usually after a full stop or semicolon and followed by a comma.

• Use linking words to make separate sentences form a clear and coherent paragraph.

• In sentence-joining questions, preserve the original meaning and choose a linker that shows the correct relationship.

• Remember the fixed patterns either...or, neither...nor, and not only...but also.

• Use deprive someone of something, not deprive someone from something.

• Check punctuation carefully: a linking adverb such as therefore or consequently is often preceded by a semicolon or full stop and followed by a comma.

English Grammar and Composition Class Seven - Linking Words - Vocabulary

Chapter: Linking Words

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