English Grammar and Composition Class Six - Punctuation & Capitalisation - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Punctuation & Capitalisation

📚 Vocabulary

English Grammar and Composition Class Six

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

punctuationcapitalisationcommaperiodfull stopquestion markexclamation markquotation markcolonsemicolonapostrophepossessivecontractionomissionpluralcapital letterproper nounindependent clauseadditional informationserial commaabbreviationstatementcommanddirect quotationrevisecorrectly punctuated sentence

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add -s or -es to many nouns to form plurals: book → books, class → classes.

► For a singular possessive noun, add apostrophe + s: boy → boy’s, Natore → Natore’s.

► For a plural noun ending in -s, add only an apostrophe: girls → girls’, students → students’.

► For an irregular plural not ending in -s, add apostrophe + s: women → women’s, children → children’s, men → men’s.

► Form contractions by omitting letters and adding an apostrophe: I am → I’m, I will → I’ll, we will → we’ll, we have → we’ve.

► Some lowercase letters take apostrophes in the plural: p → p’s, q → q’s.

► Use capital letters for proper nouns: dhaka → Dhaka, bangladesh → Bangladesh, spain → Spain.

► Some abbreviations retain periods: Mister → Mr., Doctor → Dr.; common initialisms may omit periods: NASA, UCLA.

1. Basic Punctuation Marks (8 words)

punctuation[/ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: যতিচিহ্নের ব্যবহার

Alt: লেখায় বিরতি ও অর্থ প্রকাশের চিহ্ন

Example: Correct punctuation makes a sentence clear.

Syn: marking, notationAnt: unmarked writing

💡 Exam tip: Punctuation marks are used to make written language clear and meaningful.

comma[/ˈkɒmə/]nouneasy

Meaning: কমা বা পাদচিহ্ন (,)

Alt: বাক্যে স্বল্প বিরতির চিহ্ন

Example: Use a comma to separate items in a list.

Syn: pause markAnt: continuation

💡 Exam tip: Use commas in lists, after introductory words, and around extra information.

period[/ˈpɪəriəd/]nouneasy

Meaning: পূর্ণচ্ছেদ (.)

Alt: বাক্য সমাপ্তির চিহ্ন

Example: Put a period at the end of a statement.

Syn: full stopAnt: opening mark

💡 Exam tip: A period ends a statement and is also used in some abbreviations.

question mark[/ˈkwestʃən mɑːrk/]nouneasy

Meaning: প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?)

Alt: প্রশ্নের শেষে ব্যবহৃত চিহ্ন

Example: Where is your English book?

Syn: interrogation markAnt: full stop

💡 Exam tip: Do not put a period after a question mark.

exclamation mark[/ˌekskləˈmeɪʃən mɑːrk/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিস্ময়বোধক চিহ্ন (!)

Alt: আবেগ, বিস্ময় বা জোর বোঝানোর চিহ্ন

Example: What a beautiful bird!

Syn: exclamation pointAnt: calm statement

💡 Exam tip: Use only one exclamation mark; do not combine it with a period.

quotation mark[/kwəʊˈteɪʃən mɑːrk/]nounmedium

Meaning: উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্ন (“ ”)

Alt: কারও কথা হুবহু লেখার চিহ্ন

Example: Rina said, “I am ready.”

Syn: quote markAnt: paraphrase

💡 Exam tip: Use quotation marks for a speaker’s exact words.

colon[/ˈkəʊlən/]nounmedium

Meaning: কোলন (:)

Alt: তালিকা বা ব্যাখ্যা শুরু করার চিহ্ন

Example: I need three things: a pen, a ruler, and a notebook.

Syn: list markerAnt: full stop

💡 Exam tip: A colon usually follows a complete statement before a list or explanation.

semicolon[/ˌsemiˈkəʊlən/]nounhard

Meaning: সেমিকোলন (;)

Alt: সম্পর্কিত স্বাধীন বাক্য বা জটিল তালিকা পৃথক করার চিহ্ন

Example: The rain stopped; the children went outside.

Syn: strong commaAnt: comma

💡 Exam tip: Use a semicolon between closely related independent clauses.

2. Comma Usage (8 words)

clause[/klɔːz/]nounmedium

Meaning: উপবাক্য

Alt: বাক্যের এমন অংশ যাতে subject ও verb থাকে

Example: The sentence has two independent clauses.

Syn: sentence partAnt: phrase

💡 Exam tip: A comma may separate two independent clauses when they are joined properly.

independent[/ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/]adjmedium

Meaning: স্বাধীন

Alt: অন্য অংশের ওপর নির্ভরশীল নয় এমন

Example: Each independent clause can stand as a sentence.

Syn: self-contained, separateAnt: dependent

💡 Exam tip: Identify independent clauses before deciding whether a comma is needed.

introductory[/ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/]adjmedium

Meaning: ভূমিকা-সূচক

Alt: বাক্যের শুরুতে থাকা বা সূচনা করে এমন

Example: Well, I will join the meeting.

Syn: opening, initialAnt: concluding

💡 Exam tip: Use a comma after words such as yes, well, and however when they introduce a sentence.

additional[/əˈdɪʃənəl/]adjmedium

Meaning: অতিরিক্ত

Alt: মূল তথ্যের সঙ্গে যোগ করা

Example: The commas separate additional information.

Syn: extra, supplementaryAnt: main, essential

💡 Exam tip: Put a pair of commas around non-essential additional information.

serial[/ˈsɪəriəl/]adjhard

Meaning: ক্রমিক

Alt: একটির পর একটি ধারাবাহিক

Example: A serial comma may appear before the final item in a list.

Syn: successive, orderedAnt: random

💡 Exam tip: A serial comma separates the last two items in a list when appropriate.

geographical[/ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/]adjhard

Meaning: ভৌগোলিক

Alt: স্থান বা অঞ্চলের সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত

Example: Use commas between geographical names.

Syn: regional, spatialAnt: non-geographical

💡 Exam tip: Write Gouranadi, Barishal with a comma between the place names.

address[/əˈdres/]nouneasy

Meaning: ঠিকানা

Alt: কোনো ব্যক্তি বা স্থানের অবস্থান-সংক্রান্ত তথ্য

Example: Please write your full address clearly.

Syn: location, residenceAnt: anonymity

💡 Exam tip: Commas may separate parts of an address, such as Road 02, Dhanmondi, Dhaka.

title[/ˈtaɪtəl/]nouneasy

Meaning: উপাধি

Alt: নামের আগে ব্যবহৃত সম্মানসূচক পদবি

Example: Dr. Shahidullah is a respected teacher.

Syn: designation, rankAnt: common name

💡 Exam tip: A period is commonly used after abbreviations such as Mr. and Dr.

3. Sentence and Statement Terms (8 words)

statement[/ˈsteɪtmənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: বিবৃতি

Alt: কোনো তথ্য বা মত প্রকাশকারী বাক্য

Example: I wonder how many people will come is a statement.

Syn: declaration, assertionAnt: question

💡 Exam tip: A statement that seems to require an answer still takes a full stop, not a question mark.

command[/kəˈmɑːnd/]nouneasy

Meaning: আদেশ

Alt: কাউকে কিছু করতে বলার নির্দেশ

Example: Stop talking! is a forceful command.

Syn: order, instructionAnt: request

💡 Exam tip: A forceful command may end with an exclamation mark.

forcefully[/ˈfɔːsfəli/]advmedium

Meaning: জোরালোভাবে

Alt: শক্তি বা দৃঢ়তার সঙ্গে

Example: He spoke forcefully to warn the players.

Syn: strongly, firmlyAnt: gently, weakly

💡 Exam tip: Forceful expressions often use an exclamation mark.

exactly[/ɪɡˈzæktli/]adveasy

Meaning: হুবহু

Alt: সম্পূর্ণ সঠিকভাবে

Example: Mimo repeated exactly what John had said.

Syn: precisely, accuratelyAnt: approximately

💡 Exam tip: Exact words of another person should be enclosed in quotation marks.

directly[/dəˈrektli/]advmedium

Meaning: সরাসরি

Alt: মধ্যস্থতা ছাড়া

Example: The colon introduces a directly related idea.

Syn: immediately, straightawayAnt: indirectly

💡 Exam tip: A colon can introduce a direct quotation, list, or explanation.

related[/rɪˈleɪtɪd/]adjmedium

Meaning: সম্পর্কিত

Alt: একই বিষয়ের সঙ্গে যুক্ত

Example: The two clauses express related ideas.

Syn: connected, associatedAnt: unrelated

💡 Exam tip: Use a semicolon between closely related complete sentences.

illustrate[/ˈɪləstreɪt/]verbmedium

Meaning: ব্যাখ্যা করা

Alt: উদাহরণ দিয়ে স্পষ্ট করা

Example: The list illustrates the four sections of the newspaper.

Syn: explain, demonstrateAnt: confuse

💡 Exam tip: A colon may introduce a comment or example that illustrates a previous statement.

abbreviation[/əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/]nounhard

Meaning: সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ

Alt: শব্দের ছোট আকার

Example: Mr. is an abbreviation of Mister.

Syn: short form, contractionAnt: 完整 form

💡 Exam tip: Some abbreviations take periods, but familiar initialisms such as NASA usually do not.

4. Quotation and Apostrophe Vocabulary (8 words)

quote[/kwəʊt/]verbmedium

Meaning: উদ্ধৃত করা

Alt: কারও কথা হুবহু বলা বা লেখা

Example: The writer quoted the teacher’s advice.

Syn: cite, repeatAnt: omit

💡 Exam tip: A quoted sentence begins with a capital letter when it is a complete sentence.

possessive[/pəˈzesɪv/]adjmedium

Meaning: অধিকারসূচক

Alt: মালিকানা বা সম্পর্ক প্রকাশকারী

Example: Ritu’s book is on the table.

Syn: belonging, ownership-relatedAnt: non-possessive

💡 Exam tip: Use an apostrophe to show possession: Litu’s name, the girls’ swing.

apostrophe[/əˈpɒstrəfi/]nounmedium

Meaning: অপসারণ চিহ্ন বা ঊর্ধ্বকমা (’)

Alt: মালিকানা, সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ ও কিছু plural বোঝানোর চিহ্ন

Example: The apostrophe in children’s shows possession.

Syn: omission markAnt: absence of mark

💡 Exam tip: Remember its three main uses: possession, omission, and certain lowercase-letter plurals.

omission[/əˈmɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: বর্জন

Alt: কোনো অক্ষর বা অংশ বাদ দেওয়া

Example: The apostrophe shows the omission of letters in I’m.

Syn: deletion, exclusionAnt: inclusion

💡 Exam tip: I’m means I am, and the apostrophe marks the omitted letters.

contraction[/kənˈtrækʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ

Alt: দুই বা ততোধিক শব্দের সংক্ষিপ্ত মিলিত রূপ

Example: We’ll is a contraction of we will.

Syn: shortening, abridgementAnt: expansion

💡 Exam tip: Learn common contractions: I’m, I’ll, we’ll, we’ve, and they’ve.

plural[/ˈplʊərəl/]nouneasy

Meaning: বহুবচন

Alt: একাধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর রূপ

Example: Books is the plural form of book.

Syn: more-than-one formAnt: singular

💡 Exam tip: Apostrophes can form plurals of lowercase letters, as in p’s and q’s.

noun[/naʊn/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিশেষ্য

Alt: ব্যক্তি, স্থান, বস্তু বা ধারণার নাম

Example: Children is a plural noun.

Syn: name wordAnt: verb

💡 Exam tip: To form a possessive, first identify whether the noun is singular or plural.

lowercase[/ˈləʊəkeɪs/]adjmedium

Meaning: ছোট হাতের

Alt: capital letter নয় এমন অক্ষর

Example: Use apostrophes for some plurals of lowercase letters.

Syn: small-letterAnt: uppercase, capital

💡 Exam tip: Write p’s and q’s, not p and q, when referring to the letters as plurals.

5. Capitalisation Vocabulary (8 words)

capitalisation[/ˌkæpɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: বড় হাতের অক্ষর ব্যবহারের নিয়ম

Alt: নির্দিষ্ট স্থানে capital letter লেখার প্রক্রিয়া

Example: Capitalisation is necessary at the beginning of a sentence.

Syn: use of capitalsAnt: lowercasing

💡 Exam tip: Begin every sentence and every proper noun with a capital letter.

capital[/ˈkæpɪtəl/]adjeasy

Meaning: বড় হাতের অক্ষর

Alt: বিশেষ নাম বা বাক্যের শুরুতে ব্যবহৃত বড় অক্ষর

Example: Write Dhaka with a capital D.

Syn: uppercase, majusculeAnt: lowercase

💡 Exam tip: The first word inside a complete quotation also begins with a capital letter.

sentence[/ˈsentəns/]nouneasy

Meaning: বাক্য

Alt: সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশকারী শব্দসমষ্টি

Example: A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with punctuation.

Syn: utterance, statementAnt: fragment

💡 Exam tip: Check both the first letter and the ending punctuation of every sentence.

proper[/ˈprɒpə/]adjeasy

Meaning: নির্দিষ্ট বা নামবাচক

Alt: বিশেষ ব্যক্তি, স্থান বা প্রতিষ্ঠানের সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত

Example: Bangladesh is a proper noun.

Syn: specific, particularAnt: common, general

💡 Exam tip: Proper nouns such as Emil, Dhaka, and Spain need capital letters.

name[/neɪm/]nouneasy

Meaning: নাম

Alt: কোনো ব্যক্তি, স্থান বা বস্তুকে চিহ্নিত করার শব্দ

Example: Emil is the name of the boy.

Syn: title, designationAnt: namelessness

💡 Exam tip: Capitalize names of people, countries, cities, schools, and newspapers.

country[/ˈkʌntri/]nouneasy

Meaning: দেশ

Alt: নির্দিষ্ট ভূখণ্ড ও জনগোষ্ঠীর রাষ্ট্র

Example: Spain is a beautiful country.

Syn: nation, stateAnt: city

💡 Exam tip: The name of a country is a proper noun and begins with a capital letter.

school[/skuːl/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিদ্যালয়

Alt: শিক্ষা গ্রহণের প্রতিষ্ঠান

Example: Sushen studies at Mirpur Govt Boys School.

Syn: educational institution, academyAnt: workplace

💡 Exam tip: Capitalize the important words in the official name of a school.

newspaper[/ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə/]nounmedium

Meaning: সংবাদপত্র

Alt: নিয়মিত প্রকাশিত সংবাদপত্রিকা

Example: The Daily Star is an English newspaper.

Syn: daily, pressAnt: private letter

💡 Exam tip: Use capital letters in the proper name of a newspaper, such as The Daily Star.

6. Editing and Exam Instruction Words (8 words)

correct[/kəˈrekt/]adjeasy

Meaning: সঠিক

Alt: নিয়মসম্মত বা ভুলমুক্ত

Example: Choose the correctly punctuated sentence.

Syn: right, accurateAnt: wrong, incorrect

💡 Exam tip: In multiple-choice questions, check commas, apostrophes, colons, and full stops carefully.

incorrect[/ˌɪnkəˈrekt/]adjeasy

Meaning: ভুল

Alt: নিয়ম বা তথ্যের সঙ্গে সামঞ্জস্যহীন

Example: The sentence with childrens is incorrect.

Syn: wrong, inaccurateAnt: correct, right

💡 Exam tip: A missing apostrophe in a possessive noun often makes an option incorrect.

revise[/rɪˈvaɪz/]verbeasy

Meaning: সংশোধন করা

Alt: ভুল ঠিক করে নতুনভাবে লেখা

Example: Revise the paragraph by adding the necessary punctuation.

Syn: edit, correctAnt: neglect

💡 Exam tip: In editing tasks, read the whole passage before inserting marks.

underline[/ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/]verbeasy

Meaning: নিচে দাগ দেওয়া

Alt: কোনো শব্দের নিচে রেখা টানা

Example: Underline the sentences that need correction.

Syn: mark, highlightAnt: erase

💡 Exam tip: Read the underlined portion in context; punctuation may depend on the complete sentence.

separate[/ˈsepəreɪt/]verbeasy

Meaning: পৃথক করা

Alt: একটি অংশকে অন্য অংশ থেকে আলাদা করা

Example: Use commas to separate the items.

Syn: divide, distinguishAnt: join, combine

💡 Exam tip: Commas separate list items, while semicolons separate complex list elements.

omit[/əˈmɪt/]verbmedium

Meaning: বাদ দেওয়া

Alt: কোনো অংশ না লেখা বা না বলা

Example: Do not omit the comma before the quotation.

Syn: leave out, excludeAnt: include, add

💡 Exam tip: Do not omit the comma after a reporting clause before a direct quotation.

identify[/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/]verbeasy

Meaning: শনাক্ত করা

Alt: চিহ্নিত বা নির্ণয় করা

Example: Identify the punctuation mark used in the sentence.

Syn: recognise, detectAnt: ignore

💡 Exam tip: Identify the sentence type first: statement, question, command, or exclamation.

instruction[/ɪnˈstrʌkʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: নির্দেশনা

Alt: কাজ করার নিয়ম বা আদেশ

Example: Read the instruction before answering the activity.

Syn: direction, guidelineAnt: confusion

💡 Exam tip: Follow words such as select, use, change, and correct exactly as instructed.

💡 Exam Tips

• Begin every sentence with a capital letter and end it with a suitable punctuation mark.

• Use a comma to separate items in a list: apples, pears, and oranges.

• Use a pair of commas around non-essential information: Emil, the only son of his parents, is intelligent.

• Use a colon after a complete statement to introduce a list or explanation.

• Use a semicolon between closely related independent clauses or between complex list items.

• Use a question mark only for a direct question, not for a statement expressing doubt or wonder.

• Use an exclamation mark for strong feeling or a forceful command, and do not add a period after it.

• Use a comma before a direct quotation after a reporting verb: He said, “I am ready.”

• Check apostrophes carefully: children’s is possessive, while childrens is incorrect.

• Remember that I’m means I am, I’ll means I will, we’ll means we will, and they’ve means they have.

• Capitalise names of people, countries, cities, schools, newspapers, and other proper nouns.

• In editing passages, read the complete sentence before choosing a punctuation mark.

• Do not use an apostrophe to form ordinary plurals such as books, apples, or students.

• In a multiple-choice question, eliminate options with missing capital letters, incorrect apostrophes, or comma splices.

English Grammar and Composition Class Six - Punctuation & Capitalisation - Vocabulary

Chapter: Punctuation & Capitalisation

Similar word lists

AlphaGenEdu-তে ফ্রি অ্যাকাউন্ট খুলুন