Chapter: More about Prepositions
📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Class Seven
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
preposition — পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়relation — সম্পর্কparticular — নির্দিষ্টduration — সময়কালdirection — দিকpressure — চাপdestination — গন্তব্যgerund — ক্রিয়াবাচক বিশেষ্যdignity — মর্যাদাaccess — প্রবেশাধিকারbeneath — নিচে বা মর্যাদার নিচেtowards — অভিমুখে
📃 Word Formation Rules
► proper + ly = properly: adjective থেকে adverb
► prepare + ation = preparation: verb থেকে noun
► examine + ation = examination: verb থেকে noun
► move + ment = movement: verb থেকে noun
► dignify + ity = dignity: adjective বা verb থেকে noun
► participate + ion = participation: verb থেকে noun
► interest + ed = interested: noun বা verb থেকে adjective
► appear + dis = disappear: prefix dis- যোগে বিপরীত অর্থ
1. Prepositions of Time (8 words)
exact[/ɪɡˈzækt/]adjeasy
Meaning: নির্দিষ্ট; সঠিক
Alt: সম্পূর্ণ নির্ভুল
Example: The train will arrive at the exact time.
Syn: preciseAnt: approximate
💡 Exam tip: Use at before an exact time, such as at five o'clock.
festival[/ˈfestɪvəl/]nouneasy
Meaning: উৎসব
Alt: উৎসবের দিন বা অনুষ্ঠান
Example: We visit our village during the festival.
Syn: celebrationAnt: ordinary day
💡 Exam tip: Use at before some festivals, such as at Christmas.
moment[/ˈməʊmənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: মুহূর্ত
Alt: অতি অল্প সময়
Example: At that moment, the bell rang.
Syn: instantAnt: eternity
💡 Exam tip: The common expression is at that moment.
complete[/kəmˈpliːt/]verbeasy
Meaning: সম্পন্ন করা
Alt: শেষ করা
Example: I shall complete the work by noon.
Syn: finishAnt: begin
💡 Exam tip: Use by to show the latest time for completing an action.
period[/ˈpɪəriəd/]nounmedium
Meaning: সময়কাল
Alt: পর্ব
Example: He stayed in Dhaka for a long period.
Syn: durationAnt: instant
💡 Exam tip: Use for before a period of time, such as for three years.
since[/sɪns/]adveasy
Meaning: থেকে
Alt: যে সময় থেকে
Example: It has been raining since morning.
Syn: from thenAnt: until
💡 Exam tip: Use since before a definite starting point in time.
duration[/djʊˈreɪʃən/]nounhard
Meaning: স্থায়িত্বকাল
Alt: কোনো কাজ চলার সময়
Example: The duration of the examination is two hours.
Syn: lengthAnt: shortness
💡 Exam tip: Remember: for indicates duration, while since indicates a starting point.
return[/rɪˈtɜːrn/]verbeasy
Meaning: ফিরে আসা
Alt: ফেরত দেওয়া
Example: I shall return by three o'clock.
Syn: come backAnt: depart
💡 Exam tip: Use by with return when stating the deadline.
2. Prepositions of Place and Position (8 words)
area[/ˈeəriə/]nouneasy
Meaning: এলাকা
Alt: অঞ্চল
Example: They live in a quiet area.
Syn: regionAnt: point
💡 Exam tip: At is often used for a small particular area.
continent[/ˈkɒntɪnənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: মহাদেশ
Alt: বিশাল স্থলভাগ
Example: Africa is a beautiful continent.
Syn: landmassAnt: island
💡 Exam tip: Use in before the name of a country or continent.
beneath[/bɪˈniːθ/]advmedium
Meaning: নিচে
Alt: মর্যাদার নিচে
Example: It is beneath human dignity to beg.
Syn: underAnt: above
💡 Exam tip: Beneath is frequently used in a figurative sense.
below[/bɪˈləʊ/]adveasy
Meaning: নিচে
Alt: নিম্ন স্তরে
Example: The village below was clearly visible.
Syn: underneathAnt: above
💡 Exam tip: Below means at a lower level, not necessarily directly underneath.
above[/əˈbʌv/]adveasy
Meaning: উপরে
Alt: উচ্চতর অবস্থানে
Example: The birds were flying above the clouds.
Syn: overAnt: below
💡 Exam tip: Use above to mean higher than something.
over[/ˈəʊvə(r)/]adveasy
Meaning: উপর দিয়ে বা উপরে
Alt: ঢেকে
Example: He held an umbrella over my head.
Syn: on top ofAnt: under
💡 Exam tip: Over may mean directly above or covering a surface.
position[/pəˈzɪʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: অবস্থান
Alt: পদ বা ভঙ্গি
Example: Describe the position of the boy in the picture.
Syn: placeAnt: movement
💡 Exam tip: Position questions usually require prepositions of place.
dignity[/ˈdɪɡnəti/]nounmedium
Meaning: মর্যাদা
Alt: সম্মান
Example: Every person should live with dignity.
Syn: honourAnt: disgrace
💡 Exam tip: The phrase beneath human dignity is important for exams.
3. Prepositions of Direction and Movement (8 words)
movement[/ˈmuːvmənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: চলাচল
Alt: গতি
Example: The preposition for can show movement towards a place.
Syn: motionAnt: stillness
💡 Exam tip: Direction prepositions describe movement from one place to another.
pressure[/ˈpreʃə(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: চাপ
Alt: বলপ্রয়োগ
Example: The rain was beating against the roof with pressure.
Syn: forceAnt: release
💡 Exam tip: Against can indicate movement or contact with pressure.
aim[/eɪm/]verbeasy
Meaning: লক্ষ্য করা
Alt: উদ্দেশ্য স্থির করা
Example: The soldier aimed at the target.
Syn: targetAnt: miss
💡 Exam tip: The verb aim is followed by at.
point[/pɔɪnt/]verbeasy
Meaning: নির্দেশ করা
Alt: ইঙ্গিত করা
Example: She pointed at the beautiful bird.
Syn: indicateAnt: conceal
💡 Exam tip: Use point at when directing attention to something.
depart[/dɪˈpɑːt/]verbmedium
Meaning: রওনা হওয়া
Alt: প্রস্থান করা
Example: The bus departed from the station.
Syn: leaveAnt: arrive
💡 Exam tip: From often follows verbs that show a starting point.
harbour[/ˈhɑːbə(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: বন্দর
Alt: জাহাজ রাখার স্থান
Example: The ship moved towards the harbour.
Syn: portAnt: inland
💡 Exam tip: Towards indicates movement in the direction of a place.
drawer[/drɔːə(r)/]nouneasy
Meaning: ড্রয়ার
Alt: টেবিল বা আলমারির টানার অংশ
Example: He took the pen out of the drawer.
Syn: compartmentAnt: outside
💡 Exam tip: Use out of to show movement from inside something.
lean[/liːn/]verbeasy
Meaning: ঠেস দিয়ে রাখা
Alt: হেলে পড়া
Example: Lean the umbrella against the wall.
Syn: restAnt: stand upright
💡 Exam tip: The verb lean is commonly followed by against.
4. Prepositions Followed by Gerunds (8 words)
preparation[/ˌprepəˈreɪʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রস্তুতি
Alt: প্রস্তুত করার কাজ
Example: Ovijit made preparations before going to the examination hall.
Syn: readinessAnt: unpreparedness
💡 Exam tip: After before, a gerund can be used: before going.
examination[/ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: পরীক্ষা
Alt: পরিদর্শন বা যাচাই
Example: The students entered the examination hall.
Syn: testAnt: 休息
💡 Exam tip: The correct phrase is examination hall, not exam hall in formal writing.
attend[/əˈtend/]verbmedium
Meaning: উপস্থিত থাকা
Alt: অংশগ্রহণ করা
Example: Hasan attended his test after studying properly.
Syn: joinAnt: miss
💡 Exam tip: Attend usually takes a direct object and does not need to before a place.
study[/ˈstʌdi/]verbeasy
Meaning: পড়াশোনা করা
Alt: অধ্যয়ন করা
Example: She passed after studying regularly.
Syn: learnAnt: neglect
💡 Exam tip: After can be followed by the gerund studying.
gerund[/ˈdʒerənd/]nounhard
Meaning: ক্রিয়াবাচক বিশেষ্য
Alt: Verb plus ing form used as a noun
Example: Swimming is a gerund in the sentence.
Syn: verbal nounAnt: finite verb
💡 Exam tip: A gerund can follow any preposition because it functions as a noun.
properly[/ˈprɒpəli/]adveasy
Meaning: সঠিকভাবে
Alt: যথাযথভাবে
Example: He completed the task properly.
Syn: correctlyAnt: improperly
💡 Exam tip: Properly is an adverb formed from the adjective proper.
participate[/pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/]verbmedium
Meaning: অংশগ্রহণ করা
Alt: অংশ নেওয়া
Example: Many students participated in the competition.
Syn: take partAnt: withdraw
💡 Exam tip: Participate is followed by in.
going[/ˈɡəʊɪŋ/]verbeasy
Meaning: যাওয়া
Alt: প্রস্থান করা
Example: Wash your hands before going to school.
Syn: leavingAnt: staying
💡 Exam tip: After a preposition, use going rather than go when the meaning requires a gerund.
5. Prepositions of Path and Route (8 words)
through[/θruː/]adveasy
Meaning: মধ্য দিয়ে
Alt: এক প্রান্ত থেকে অন্য প্রান্তে
Example: The thief fled through the window.
Syn: viaAnt: around
💡 Exam tip: Through means moving inside and from one side to the other.
around[/əˈraʊnd/]adveasy
Meaning: চারদিকে
Alt: কাছাকাছি বা আশেপাশে
Example: The police walked around the town.
Syn: aboutAnt: straight
💡 Exam tip: Use around for movement in different places surrounding something.
along[/əˈlɒŋ/]adveasy
Meaning: বরাবর
Alt: কোনো পথ অনুসরণ করে
Example: Goutam walked along the park road.
Syn: besideAnt: across
💡 Exam tip: Along is used with a line, road, river, or path.
across[/əˈkrɒs/]adveasy
Meaning: এপার থেকে ওপারে
Alt: অতিক্রম করে
Example: Brozen Das swam across the English Channel.
Syn: overAnt: along
💡 Exam tip: Across indicates movement from one side to the other.
past[/pɑːst/]adveasy
Meaning: পাশ দিয়ে
Alt: অতিক্রম করে
Example: Rudaba walked past the public library.
Syn: byAnt: towards
💡 Exam tip: Past shows movement beside and beyond a place.
route[/ruːt/]nounmedium
Meaning: পথ
Alt: যাতায়াতের রাস্তা
Example: This is the shortest route to the station.
Syn: pathAnt: destination
💡 Exam tip: Route is often used with to when naming a destination.
channel[/ˈtʃænəl/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রণালি
Alt: জলপথ
Example: The swimmer crossed the English Channel.
Syn: waterwayAnt: land
💡 Exam tip: Use across with a large body of water when showing crossing.
flee[/fliː/]verbmedium
Meaning: পালিয়ে যাওয়া
Alt: দ্রুত সরে যাওয়া
Example: The thief fled through the window.
Syn: escapeAnt: approach
💡 Exam tip: Flee is an irregular verb: flee, fled, fled.
6. Verb, Noun and Adjective Combinations (8 words)
access[/ˈækses/]nounmedium
Meaning: প্রবেশাধিকার
Alt: ব্যবহারের সুযোগ
Example: Students have access to the library.
Syn: entryAnt: restriction
💡 Exam tip: The fixed combination is access to.
believe[/bɪˈliːv/]verbeasy
Meaning: বিশ্বাস করা
Alt: সত্য বলে মনে করা
Example: I believe in honesty.
Syn: trustAnt: doubt
💡 Exam tip: Believe is commonly followed by in when referring to faith or principles.
depend[/dɪˈpend/]verbeasy
Meaning: নির্ভর করা
Alt: ভরসা করা
Example: Success depends on hard work.
Syn: relyAnt: ignore
💡 Exam tip: The correct combination is depend on.
good[/ɡʊd/]adjeasy
Meaning: ভালো
Alt: দক্ষ
Example: Omrit was good at cricket.
Syn: skilledAnt: bad
💡 Exam tip: Use good at before a subject, game, or activity.
interested[/ˈɪntrəstɪd/]adjeasy
Meaning: আগ্রহী
Alt: মনোযোগী
Example: Raiyan is interested in English grammar.
Syn: keenAnt: uninterested
💡 Exam tip: The adjective interested is followed by in.
famous[/ˈfeɪməs/]adjeasy
Meaning: বিখ্যাত
Alt: সুপরিচিত
Example: Sylhet is famous for its tea gardens.
Syn: well-knownAnt: unknown
💡 Exam tip: Use famous for to state the reason for fame.
aimed[/eɪmd/]verbmedium
Meaning: লক্ষ্য করেছিল
Alt: উদ্দেশ্য স্থির করেছিল
Example: He aimed at becoming a successful player.
Syn: targetedAnt: missed
💡 Exam tip: Aim at is a common verb-preposition combination.
disappear[/ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/]verbeasy
Meaning: অদৃশ্য হওয়া
Alt: হারিয়ে যাওয়া
Example: The clouds disappeared from the sky.
Syn: vanishAnt: appear
💡 Exam tip: Use disappear from when something leaves a place or situation.
💡 Exam Tips
• Use at before an exact time and some festivals: at 5 o'clock, at Christmas.
• Use on before days and dates: on Monday, on 14 December.
• Use in before months, years, seasons, and parts of the day: in March, in 2009, in winter, in the morning.
• Use by to indicate the latest time by which an action will be completed.
• Use for before a period of time and since before a definite starting point.
• Use at for a small particular place and in for a city, country, valley, or continent.
• Use under for something exactly below another thing; use below for a lower level that is not necessarily directly underneath.
• Use above for higher than and over for directly above or covering a surface.
• Use to or towards for movement in the direction of a place, from for a starting point, and out of for movement from inside.
• A preposition can be followed by a gerund: before going, after studying.
• Memorize common combinations such as depend on, believe in, good at, interested in, famous for, and access to.
• In gap-filling questions, check whether the word after the blank indicates time, place, direction, or a fixed combination.