English For Today Classes Nine and Ten - People Who Stand Out - Vocabulary (Part 2) | Free Course

Chapter: People Who Stand Out

📚 Vocabulary

English For Today Classes Nine and Ten

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

extraordinaryrecognisedfaminevisionaryinspirationdeprivationhumanitarianmimingdepictmesmerisepioneerpassionscholarshipmissionarypovertydevotevolunteerobediencedestitutecompassionirrespectivehumanityco-founderprofitabilityinterimsuperviseuser-friendlyturnaroundperspectiveadoptabandonauthorityencountermotivateexceptionally

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add -tion or -sion to verbs to form nouns: recognise → recognition, devote → devotion, inspire → inspiration.

► Add -ity to adjectives to form nouns: human → humanity, profitable → profitability, exceptionally → exceptionality.

► Add -ful or -less to nouns to form adjectives: hope → hopeful, care → careful, care → careless.

► Add -er or -or to verbs to form nouns for people: supervise → supervisor, volunteer → volunteer, found → founder.

► Use the prefix un- to form opposites: cared → uncared, known → unknown, happy → unhappy.

► Use the prefix dis- to form opposites: obey → disobey, agree → disagree, respect → disrespect.

► Use the prefix im- before words beginning with m or p: possible → impossible, moral → immoral.

► Use the prefix in- before many adjectives to form opposites: human → inhuman, significant → insignificant.

► Use the suffix -ist for a person connected with a field: art → artist, science → scientist.

► Use compound formation for exam vocabulary: co-founder, user-friendly, turnaround, scholarship, birthplace.

1. Zainul Abedin, The Great Artist (10 words)

extraordinary[/ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri/]adjmedium

Meaning: অসাধারণ

Alt: সাধারণের বাইরে

Example: Zainul Abedin had an extraordinary talent for painting.

Syn: remarkable, exceptionalAnt: ordinary

💡 Exam tip: Use it before a noun: extraordinary talent, extraordinary achievement.

recognised[/ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/]adjmedium

Meaning: স্বীকৃত

Alt: পরিচিত বা প্রশংসিত

Example: He was internationally recognised for his paintings.

Syn: acknowledged, acclaimedAnt: unknown

💡 Exam tip: The American spelling is recognized.

famine[/ˈfæmɪn/]nouneasy

Meaning: দুর্ভিক্ষ

Alt: খাদ্যের তীব্র সংকট

Example: Zainul painted the suffering caused by the Bengal Famine.

Syn: starvation, food shortageAnt: abundance

💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse famine with flood; famine means severe lack of food.

visionary[/ˈvɪʒənəri/]adjmedium

Meaning: দূরদর্শী

Alt: ভবিষ্যৎ সম্পর্কে সৃজনশীল ধারণাসম্পন্ন

Example: Zainul Abedin was a visionary artist.

Syn: far-sighted, creativeAnt: short-sighted

💡 Exam tip: Visionary can be both an adjective and a noun.

inspiration[/ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: অনুপ্রেরণা

Alt: কাজ করার উৎসাহ বা উদ্দীপনা

Example: The Brahmaputra was a great source of inspiration for him.

Syn: encouragement, stimulusAnt: discouragement

💡 Exam tip: The verb is inspire and the adjective is inspirational.

scenic[/ˈsiːnɪk/]adjmedium

Meaning: মনোরম দৃশ্যপূর্ণ

Alt: প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্যে ভরা

Example: He spent his childhood beside the scenic Brahmaputra River.

Syn: picturesque, beautifulAnt: ugly

💡 Exam tip: Scenic is commonly used before places or views.

deprivation[/ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃən/]nounhard

Meaning: বঞ্চনা

Alt: প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস থেকে বঞ্চিত অবস্থা

Example: His sketches showed the deprivation of poor people.

Syn: poverty, lackAnt: abundance

💡 Exam tip: The adjective is deprived; deprivation is an uncountable noun.

devastating[/ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/]adjmedium

Meaning: ধ্বংসাত্মক

Alt: ভয়াবহ ক্ষতিসাধনকারী

Example: The devastating cyclone caused great suffering.

Syn: destructive, disastrousAnt: helpful

💡 Exam tip: Use devastating for disasters, effects, or news.

humanitarian[/hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən/]nounhard

Meaning: মানবতাবাদী

Alt: মানবকল্যাণে নিবেদিত ব্যক্তি

Example: Zainul Abedin became known as a humanitarian artist.

Syn: philanthropist, 善কারীAnt: inhuman person

💡 Exam tip: Humanitarian refers to concern for human welfare.

heritage[/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/]nounmedium

Meaning: ঐতিহ্য

Alt: পূর্বপুরুষের কাছ থেকে পাওয়া সংস্কৃতি বা সম্পদ

Example: He worked to preserve the heritage of Bengal.

Syn: tradition, legacyAnt: modernity

💡 Exam tip: Cultural heritage is a common examination phrase.

2. The Art of Silence (10 words)

maestro[/ˈmaɪstrəʊ/]nounhard

Meaning: গুণী শিল্পী

Alt: কোনো শিল্পে অত্যন্ত দক্ষ ব্যক্তি

Example: Partha Pratim Majumder is a maestro of miming art.

Syn: master, expertAnt: novice

💡 Exam tip: Maestro is often used for a great musician or artist.

miming[/ˈmaɪmɪŋ/]nouneasy

Meaning: অঙ্গভঙ্গির মাধ্যমে অভিনয়

Alt: কথা ছাড়া ভাব প্রকাশের শিল্প

Example: Miming tells a story through gestures and bodily movements.

Syn: pantomime, silent actingAnt: speech

💡 Exam tip: Miming means acting without uttering words.

depict[/dɪˈpɪkt/]verbmedium

Meaning: চিত্রিত করা

Alt: কোনো কিছু তুলে ধরা বা বর্ণনা করা

Example: He used gestures to depict different characters.

Syn: portray, representAnt: conceal

💡 Exam tip: Depict is followed by an object: depict a scene or character.

gesture[/ˈdʒestʃər/]nouneasy

Meaning: অঙ্গভঙ্গি

Alt: ভাব প্রকাশের শারীরিক ভঙ্গি

Example: The performer communicated through gestures.

Syn: sign, motionAnt: stillness

💡 Exam tip: Gesture can also be used as a verb: gesture to someone.

mesmerise[/ˈmezməraɪz/]verbmedium

Meaning: মুগ্ধ করা

Alt: মন্ত্রমুগ্ধের মতো আকৃষ্ট করা

Example: His graceful performance mesmerised the audience.

Syn: fascinate, captivateAnt: bore

💡 Exam tip: Mesmerize is the American spelling.

trivial[/ˈtrɪviəl/]adjmedium

Meaning: তুচ্ছ

Alt: গুরুত্বহীন বা সামান্য

Example: He found meaning in the trivial events of everyday life.

Syn: insignificant, minorAnt: important

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is triviality.

pioneer[/ˌpaɪəˈnɪər/]nounmedium

Meaning: পথিকৃৎ

Alt: কোনো ক্ষেত্রে প্রথম উদ্যোগ গ্রহণকারী

Example: Partha was a pioneer of miming in Bangladesh.

Syn: trailblazer, forerunnerAnt: follower

💡 Exam tip: Pioneer can be a noun or a verb.

passion[/ˈpæʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: গভীর আগ্রহ

Alt: প্রবল ভালোবাসা বা উৎসাহ

Example: Partha developed a passion for art from childhood.

Syn: enthusiasm, devotionAnt: indifference

💡 Exam tip: The adjective is passionate; use passion for something.

accolade[/ˈækəleɪd/]nounhard

Meaning: সম্মাননা

Alt: বিশেষ পুরস্কার বা প্রশংসা

Example: The Moliere Award is a prestigious accolade.

Syn: honour, awardAnt: criticism

💡 Exam tip: Accolade is a formal word for an award or honour.

scholarship[/ˈskɒləʃɪp/]nouneasy

Meaning: বৃত্তি

Alt: পড়াশোনার জন্য আর্থিক সহায়তা

Example: The French ambassador offered him a scholarship in France.

Syn: grant, fellowshipAnt: debt

💡 Exam tip: Offer, receive, or win a scholarship are common collocations.

3. Mother Teresa: The Beginning and Service (10 words)

missionary[/ˈmɪʃəneri/]nounmedium

Meaning: ধর্মপ্রচারক

Alt: ধর্মীয় বা মানবিক কাজের জন্য নিয়োজিত ব্যক্তি

Example: Mother Teresa decided to become a missionary.

Syn: evangelist, religious workerAnt: nonbeliever

💡 Exam tip: Missionary can also be used as an adjective.

convent[/ˈkɒnvent/]nounmedium

Meaning: সন্ন্যাসিনীদের মঠ

Alt: ধর্মীয় নারীদের আবাসস্থল

Example: She left the convent to serve the poorest people.

Syn: nunnery, monasteryAnt: secular place

💡 Exam tip: A convent is generally associated with nuns.

poverty[/ˈpɒvəti/]nouneasy

Meaning: দারিদ্র্য

Alt: অভাবের অবস্থা

Example: The poverty of Kolkata deeply affected Mother Teresa.

Syn: destitution, hardshipAnt: wealth

💡 Exam tip: Poverty is an uncountable noun; do not write poverties in ordinary use.

devote[/dɪˈvəʊt/]verbeasy

Meaning: নিবেদিত করা

Alt: কোনো কাজে সময় বা জীবন উৎসর্গ করা

Example: She devoted herself to caring for the poor.

Syn: dedicate, dedicate oneselfAnt: neglect

💡 Exam tip: Use devote oneself to + noun or gerund.

intensive[/ɪnˈtensɪv/]adjmedium

Meaning: নিবিড়

Alt: খুব গভীর ও মনোযোগপূর্ণ

Example: She took intensive medical training.

Syn: thorough, concentratedAnt: superficial

💡 Exam tip: Intensive training means rigorous and thorough training.

volunteer[/ˌvɒlənˈtɪər/]nouneasy

Meaning: স্বেচ্ছাসেবক

Alt: স্বেচ্ছায় কাজ করা ব্যক্তি

Example: Many volunteers helped Mother Teresa.

Syn: helper, unpaid workerAnt: employee

💡 Exam tip: Volunteer is both a noun and a verb.

chastity[/ˈtʃæstəti/]nounhard

Meaning: পবিত্রতা

Alt: যৌন সংযমের প্রতিজ্ঞা

Example: The members took vows of poverty, chastity and obedience.

Syn: purity, abstinenceAnt: immorality

💡 Exam tip: Remember the spelling: chastity, not chastety.

obedience[/əˈbiːdiəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: আনুগত্য

Alt: নিয়ম বা নির্দেশ মেনে চলা

Example: Obedience was one of the vows of the members.

Syn: compliance, submissionAnt: disobedience

💡 Exam tip: The adjective is obedient and the opposite is disobedient.

expand[/ɪkˈspænd/]verbeasy

Meaning: সম্প্রসারিত হওয়া

Alt: আকার বা পরিসরে বৃদ্ধি পাওয়া

Example: The Missionaries of Charity expanded to many countries.

Syn: extend, enlargeAnt: contract

💡 Exam tip: Expand is often followed by to: expand to nine schools.

foundation[/faʊnˈdeɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রতিষ্ঠান

Alt: কোনো কাজের ভিত্তি বা প্রতিষ্ঠাকেন্দ্র

Example: They began new foundations in several countries.

Syn: institution, establishmentAnt: destruction

💡 Exam tip: Foundation can mean both an organisation and a base.

4. Mother Teresa: Love for Humanity (10 words)

destitute[/ˈdestɪtjuːt/]adjhard

Meaning: নিঃস্ব

Alt: অর্থ ও প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিসবিহীন

Example: She founded a home for dying destitute people.

Syn: penniless, impoverishedAnt: wealthy

💡 Exam tip: Destitute is stronger than poor.

compassion[/kəmˈpæʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: সহানুভূতি

Alt: দুঃখী মানুষের প্রতি মমতা

Example: The world admired her compassion for humanity.

Syn: sympathy, mercyAnt: cruelty

💡 Exam tip: The adjective is compassionate.

environment[/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/]nouneasy

Meaning: পরিবেশ

Alt: চারপাশের অবস্থা বা পরিস্থিতি

Example: The dying people were cared for in a loving environment.

Syn: surroundings, settingAnt: isolation

💡 Exam tip: Environment may refer to physical or social surroundings.

recognition[/ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: স্বীকৃতি

Alt: কৃতিত্বের আনুষ্ঠানিক সম্মান

Example: Her work received recognition throughout the world.

Syn: acknowledgement, appreciationAnt: neglect

💡 Exam tip: Receive recognition for something is a useful phrase.

irrespective[/ˌɪrɪˈspektɪv/]adjhard

Meaning: নির্বিশেষে

Alt: কোনো পার্থক্য বিবেচনা না করে

Example: She helped people irrespective of caste or religion.

Syn: regardless, without regard toAnt: depending on

💡 Exam tip: Use irrespective of, not irrespective from.

humanity[/hjuːˈmænəti/]nouneasy

Meaning: মানবতা

Alt: সমস্ত মানুষ বা মানুষের প্রতি মমতা

Example: Mother Teresa dedicated her life to humanity.

Syn: humankind, compassionAnt: inhumanity

💡 Exam tip: Humanity can mean both mankind and kindness toward people.

salute[/səˈluːt/]verbmedium

Meaning: শ্রদ্ধা জানানো

Alt: সম্মান প্রদর্শন করা

Example: The world salutes Mother Teresa for her service.

Syn: honour, pay tribute toAnt: insult

💡 Exam tip: Salute may be used literally or figuratively.

commitment[/kəˈmɪtmənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: অঙ্গীকার

Alt: কোনো কাজের প্রতি দৃঢ় দায়িত্ববোধ

Example: Her commitment to the poor was extraordinary.

Syn: dedication, devotionAnt: indifference

💡 Exam tip: Commitment to something is followed by a noun or gerund.

abandoned[/əˈbændənd/]adjeasy

Meaning: পরিত্যক্ত

Alt: যাকে ছেড়ে দেওয়া হয়েছে

Example: The home cared for abandoned children.

Syn: deserted, forsakenAnt: protected

💡 Exam tip: Abandoned is the past participle of abandon.

divine[/dɪˈvaɪn/]adjhard

Meaning: ঐশ্বরিক

Alt: সৃষ্টিকর্তা বা ধর্মের সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত

Example: The people felt human and divine love at Nirmal Hriday.

Syn: heavenly, sacredAnt: earthly

💡 Exam tip: Divine may also mean extremely good or beautiful.

5. Steve Jobs: The Wizard of Apple (10 words)

co-founder[/ˌkəʊˈfaʊndər/]nounmedium

Meaning: সহ-প্রতিষ্ঠাতা

Alt: প্রতিষ্ঠানের অন্যতম প্রতিষ্ঠাতা

Example: Steve Jobs was the co-founder of Apple Inc.

Syn: joint founder, originatorAnt: successor

💡 Exam tip: The prefix co- means together or jointly.

pioneer[/ˌpaɪəˈnɪər/]nounmedium

Meaning: অগ্রদূত

Alt: নতুন ক্ষেত্রে পথপ্রদর্শক

Example: Jobs was a pioneer of the personal computer revolution.

Syn: innovator, trailblazerAnt: imitator

💡 Exam tip: Use pioneer of + field or movement.

profitability[/ˌprɒfɪtəˈbɪləti/]nounhard

Meaning: লাভজনকতা

Alt: লাভ করার সক্ষমতা

Example: Jobs brought Apple back to profitability.

Syn: financial success, gainfulnessAnt: unprofitability

💡 Exam tip: The adjective is profitable and the noun profit.

interim[/ˈɪntərɪm/]adjhard

Meaning: অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন

Alt: স্থায়ী নিয়োগের আগের সাময়িক

Example: Jobs became the interim chief executive officer.

Syn: temporary, provisionalAnt: permanent

💡 Exam tip: Interim is often used before a job title.

supervise[/ˈsuːpəvaɪz/]verbmedium

Meaning: তত্ত্বাবধান করা

Alt: কাজ পরিচালনা ও পর্যবেক্ষণ করা

Example: Jobs supervised the development of the iPhone and iPad.

Syn: manage, overseeAnt: neglect

💡 Exam tip: The noun is supervision and the person is supervisor.

user-friendly[/ˌjuːzəˈfrendli/]adjeasy

Meaning: ব্যবহারবান্ধব

Alt: সহজে ব্যবহারযোগ্য

Example: Apple products are simple and user-friendly.

Syn: easy to use, accessibleAnt: complicated

💡 Exam tip: Use a hyphen when it comes before a noun.

turnaround[/ˈtɜːrnəraʊnd/]nounhard

Meaning: সাফল্যে প্রত্যাবর্তন

Alt: খারাপ অবস্থা থেকে দ্রুত উন্নতি

Example: Apple's recovery was regarded as a great turnaround.

Syn: recovery, revivalAnt: decline

💡 Exam tip: A business turnaround means recovery from failure or loss.

visionary[/ˈvɪʒənəri/]nounmedium

Meaning: দূরদর্শী ব্যক্তি

Alt: নতুন ভবিষ্যৎ কল্পনা করতে সক্ষম নেতা

Example: Steve Jobs was acclaimed as a visionary leader.

Syn: innovator, forward-thinkerAnt: traditionalist

💡 Exam tip: Acclaimed as a visionary is a useful phrase.

perspective[/pəˈspektɪv/]nounmedium

Meaning: দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি

Alt: কোনো বিষয় দেখার মানসিক পদ্ধতি

Example: Jobs changed people's perspective towards computers.

Syn: viewpoint, outlookAnt: misunderstanding

💡 Exam tip: Perspective towards or on something are both used.

revolution[/ˌrevəˈluːʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: বিপ্লব

Alt: কোনো ক্ষেত্রে আমূল পরিবর্তন

Example: He pioneered the personal computer revolution.

Syn: transformation, upheavalAnt: stagnation

💡 Exam tip: Technological revolution means rapid and major technological change.

6. Steve Jobs' Childhood and General Exam Words (10 words)

adopt[/əˈdɒpt/]verbeasy

Meaning: দত্তক নেওয়া

Alt: আইনিভাবে অন্যের সন্তানকে নিজের সন্তান করা

Example: Paul and Clara Jobs adopted Steve.

Syn: take in, raise legallyAnt: abandon

💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse adopt with adapt; adopt means take as one's own.

abandon[/əˈbændən/]verbeasy

Meaning: পরিত্যাগ করা

Alt: কাউকে বা কোনো কিছু ছেড়ে দেওয়া

Example: Steve was abandoned at birth.

Syn: desert, leaveAnt: keep

💡 Exam tip: Abandon is followed by an object: abandon a child or plan.

authority[/ɔːˈθɒrəti/]nounmedium

Meaning: কর্তৃত্ব

Alt: আদেশ দেওয়ার ক্ষমতা

Example: Jobs did not easily accept other people's authority.

Syn: power, controlAnt: powerlessness

💡 Exam tip: Authority over someone means the right to control that person.

encounter[/ɪnˈkaʊntər/]verbmedium

Meaning: সম্মুখীন হওয়া

Alt: অপ্রত্যাশিতভাবে দেখা বা অভিজ্ঞতা লাভ করা

Example: At school, Jobs encountered a different kind of authority.

Syn: face, meetAnt: avoid

💡 Exam tip: Encounter can be both a verb and a noun.

prank[/præŋk/]nouneasy

Meaning: দুষ্টুমি

Alt: মজা করার জন্য করা ছোটখাটো কৌশল

Example: He played pranks to keep himself busy.

Syn: mischief, jokeAnt: serious act

💡 Exam tip: The plural form is pranks.

motivate[/ˈməʊtɪveɪt/]verbeasy

Meaning: উৎসাহিত করা

Alt: কাজ করার প্রেরণা দেওয়া

Example: The challenging class motivated Jobs to study.

Syn: inspire, encourageAnt: discourage

💡 Exam tip: Motivate someone to do something is the common structure.

exceptionally[/ɪkˈsepʃənəli/]advmedium

Meaning: অসাধারণভাবে

Alt: সাধারণের তুলনায় অত্যন্ত বেশি

Example: Steve Jobs was exceptionally intelligent.

Syn: remarkably, extraordinarilyAnt: normally

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is exceptional.

intelligent[/ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/]adjeasy

Meaning: বুদ্ধিমান

Alt: দ্রুত বুঝতে ও শিখতে সক্ষম

Example: The teachers realised that Jobs was exceptionally intelligent.

Syn: clever, brightAnt: stupid

💡 Exam tip: The noun is intelligence.

entertain[/ˌentəˈteɪn/]verbeasy

Meaning: বিনোদন দেওয়া

Alt: আনন্দ দেওয়া বা সময় কাটানো

Example: He played pranks to entertain himself.

Syn: amuse, divertAnt: bore

💡 Exam tip: Entertain oneself means keep oneself amused.

derive[/dɪˈraɪv/]verbhard

Meaning: উৎস থেকে পাওয়া

Alt: কোনো কারণ বা উৎস থেকে উদ্ভূত হওয়া

Example: His desire for control derived from his early experience.

Syn: originate, obtainAnt: lose

💡 Exam tip: Use derive from to show source or cause.

💡 Exam Tips

• Learn each word with its Bengali meaning, part of speech, synonym and antonym.

• For synonym questions, check the exact context because one word may have several meanings.

• Remember that famine means severe shortage of food, while poverty means lack of wealth or basic necessities.

• Use devote oneself to, commitment to, irrespective of and derive from correctly in sentences.

• In True/False questions, compare dates, places, names and achievements carefully with the passage.

• For gap filling, first identify whether the blank needs a noun, verb, adjective or adverb.

• Distinguish adopt from adapt: adopt means legally take as one's child, while adapt means adjust.

• Distinguish authority from obedience: authority is the power to command, while obedience is the act of following commands.

• Use humanitarian, compassionate and visionary to describe people who stand out for their service, creativity or leadership.

• Revise word families such as inspire–inspiration–inspirational, recognise–recognition–recognised and motivate–motivation–motivational.

English For Today Classes Nine and Ten - People Who Stand Out - Vocabulary (Part 2)

Chapter: People Who Stand Out

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