English For Today Classes Nine and Ten - People Who Stand Out - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: People Who Stand Out

📚 Vocabulary

English For Today Classes Nine and Ten

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

extraordinaryfamineinspirationpioneerhumanitariandeprivationmimingmesmerizedportrayalmissionarydevotepovertyhumanitycompassiondestituteirrespectivecommitmentco-founderprofitabilitybankruptcyvisionaryuser-friendlyturnaroundadoptabandonauthorityencounterprankexceptionallymotivate

📃 Word Formation Rules

► extraordinary: ordinary → extraordinary; the prefix extra- means beyond or more than usual.

► inspire: inspire → inspiration → inspiring; -tion forms a noun and -ing forms an adjective.

► human: human → humanity → humanitarian; -ity forms a noun and -arian forms a person or quality related to a field.

► deprive: deprive → deprivation; -tion changes the verb into a noun.

► recognise: recognise → recognised → recognition; -ed forms the past participle and -tion forms a noun.

► devote: devote → devoted → devotion; -ed forms an adjective or past participle and -ion forms a noun.

► profit: profit → profitable → profitability; -able forms an adjective and -ity forms a noun.

► vision: vision → visionary; -ary forms an adjective or noun meaning related to.

► adopt: adopt → adopted → adoption; -ed forms the past participle and -ion forms a noun.

► motivate: motivate → motivation → motivated; -tion forms a noun and -ed forms the past participle.

1. Zainul Abedin: The Great Artist (8 words)

extraordinary[/ɪkˈstrɔːrdəneri/]adjmedium

Meaning: অসাধারণ

Alt: সাধারণের বাইরে

Example: Zainul Abedin had an extraordinary talent for painting.

Syn: exceptionalAnt: ordinary

💡 Exam tip: Use extraordinary to describe an unusually great ability or quality.

internationally[/ˌɪntərˈnæʃənəli/]advmedium

Meaning: আন্তর্জাতিকভাবে

Alt: বিশ্বব্যাপী

Example: His paintings were internationally recognized.

Syn: globallyAnt: locally

💡 Exam tip: It is the adverb form of international.

famine[/ˈfæmɪn/]nounmedium

Meaning: দুর্ভিক্ষ

Alt: খাদ্যের তীব্র সংকট

Example: The famine caused the deaths of thousands of people.

Syn: starvationAnt: abundance

💡 Exam tip: Remember the collocation man-made famine.

inspiration[/ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: অনুপ্রেরণা

Alt: সৃষ্টিশীল কাজের উৎসাহ

Example: The Brahmaputra was a great source of inspiration for him.

Syn: encouragementAnt: discouragement

💡 Exam tip: The verb form is inspire and the adjective is inspiring.

pioneer[/ˌpaɪəˈnɪər/]nounmedium

Meaning: অগ্রদূত

Alt: নতুন পথের প্রবর্তক

Example: Zainul Abedin was a pioneer of modern art in Bangladesh.

Syn: forerunnerAnt: follower

💡 Exam tip: Pioneer may be used as both a noun and a verb.

deprivation[/ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃən/]nounhard

Meaning: বঞ্চনা

Alt: প্রয়োজনীয় জিনিস থেকে বঞ্চিত অবস্থা

Example: The sketches showed the deprivation of poor people.

Syn: privationAnt: comfort

💡 Exam tip: Use deprivation when people lack basic needs or rights.

humanitarian[/hjuːˌmænɪˈteəriən/]adjhard

Meaning: মানবহিতৈষী

Alt: মানবকল্যাণে নিবেদিত

Example: His famine sketches made him known as a humanitarian artist.

Syn: charitableAnt: inhumane

💡 Exam tip: Humanitarian is related to humanity and human welfare.

heritage[/ˈherɪtɪdʒ/]nounmedium

Meaning: ঐতিহ্য

Alt: পূর্বপুরুষের সাংস্কৃতিক উত্তরাধিকার

Example: He worked to preserve the heritage of Bengal.

Syn: traditionAnt: modernity

💡 Exam tip: Cultural heritage is a common exam phrase.

2. The Art of Silence: Partha Pratim Majumder (8 words)

miming[/ˈmaɪmɪŋ/]nounmedium

Meaning: অঙ্গভঙ্গির মাধ্যমে অভিনয়

Alt: কথা না বলে ভাব প্রকাশের শিল্প

Example: Miming is a dramatic performance without spoken words.

Syn: pantomimeAnt: speech

💡 Exam tip: Miming uses gestures and bodily movements without utterance.

maestro[/ˈmaɪstroʊ/]nounhard

Meaning: গুণী শিল্পী

Alt: কোনো শিল্পের অত্যন্ত দক্ষ ব্যক্তি

Example: Partha Pratim Majumder is a maestro performer of miming art.

Syn: masterAnt: novice

💡 Exam tip: Maestro usually refers to a highly skilled artist or musician.

gesture[/ˈdʒestʃər/]nouneasy

Meaning: অঙ্গভঙ্গি

Alt: শরীরের নড়াচড়ায় প্রকাশিত সংকেত

Example: The actor expressed the idea through a simple gesture.

Syn: signalAnt: inaction

💡 Exam tip: Gesture can also be used as a verb meaning ইঙ্গিত করা.

overwhelm[/ˌoʊvərˈwelm/]verbmedium

Meaning: অভিভূত করা

Alt: অত্যন্ত মুগ্ধ বা আবেগাপ্লুত করা

Example: His graceful performance overwhelmed the audience.

Syn: astonishAnt: bore

💡 Exam tip: The adjective overwhelmed means অভিভূত.

mesmerized[/ˈmezməraɪzd/]adjmedium

Meaning: মন্ত্রমুগ্ধ

Alt: অত্যন্ত আকৃষ্ট

Example: The audience was mesmerized by his silent performance.

Syn: spellboundAnt: uninterested

💡 Exam tip: Mesmerize, fascinate and captivate are useful synonyms.

portrayal[/pɔːrˈtreɪəl/]nounhard

Meaning: চিত্রায়ণ

Alt: কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বিষয়ের উপস্থাপন

Example: His portrayal of a thief was very realistic.

Syn: depictionAnt: concealment

💡 Exam tip: The verb form is portray, meaning চিত্রিত করা.

passion[/ˈpæʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: তীব্র আগ্রহ

Alt: গভীর অনুরাগ

Example: Partha developed a passion for art in childhood.

Syn: enthusiasmAnt: indifference

💡 Exam tip: The phrase develop a passion for is common in writing tasks.

accolade[/ˈækəleɪd/]nounhard

Meaning: সম্মাননা

Alt: বিশেষ পুরস্কার বা প্রশংসা

Example: The Moliere Award was a major accolade in his career.

Syn: honourAnt: criticism

💡 Exam tip: Accolade is a formal synonym for award or honour.

3. Mother Teresa: The Beginning (8 words)

missionary[/ˈmɪʃəneri/]nounmedium

Meaning: ধর্মপ্রচারক

Alt: ধর্মীয় বা মানবসেবামূলক কাজে নিয়োজিত ব্যক্তি

Example: Mother Teresa decided to become a missionary.

Syn: evangelistAnt: nonbeliever

💡 Exam tip: Missionary is connected with mission, meaning special duty or religious work.

descent[/dɪˈsent/]nounhard

Meaning: বংশোদ্ভূত হওয়া

Alt: পারিবারিক বা জাতিগত উৎস

Example: She belonged to a family of Albanian descent.

Syn: ancestryAnt: departure

💡 Exam tip: Of Albanian descent means Albanian বংশোদ্ভূত.

devote[/dɪˈvoʊt/]verbmedium

Meaning: নিবেদিত করা

Alt: কোনো কাজে নিজেকে সম্পূর্ণভাবে উৎসর্গ করা

Example: She devoted herself to caring for the poorest people.

Syn: dedicateAnt: neglect

💡 Exam tip: Devote is followed by oneself or time plus to.

poverty[/ˈpɑːvərti/]nouneasy

Meaning: দারিদ্র্য

Alt: অর্থ ও প্রয়োজনীয় সম্পদের অভাব

Example: The poverty of Kolkata deeply affected Mother Teresa.

Syn: destitutionAnt: wealth

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is poor; the opposite is prosperity or wealth.

convent[/ˈkɑːnvent/]nounmedium

Meaning: সন্ন্যাসিনীদের বাসস্থান

Alt: ধর্মীয় নারীদের আবাসিক প্রতিষ্ঠান

Example: Mother Teresa left the convent to serve poor people.

Syn: nunneryAnt: secular society

💡 Exam tip: Do not confuse convent with convention.

superior[/suːˈpɪəriər/]nounmedium

Meaning: ঊর্ধ্বতন কর্তৃপক্ষ

Alt: উচ্চ পদমর্যাদার ব্যক্তি

Example: She received permission from her superiors to leave the convent.

Syn: authorityAnt: subordinate

💡 Exam tip: In this context, superior is a noun, not an adjective.

slum[/slʌm/]nouneasy

Meaning: বস্তি

Alt: দরিদ্র মানুষের ঘনবসতিপূর্ণ এলাকা

Example: She cared for the poorest people in the slums of Kolkata.

Syn: shanty townAnt: residential area

💡 Exam tip: The plural form is slums.

humanity[/hjuːˈmænəti/]nounmedium

Meaning: মানবতা

Alt: সমস্ত মানুষ বা মানবিক গুণ

Example: Mother Teresa became known as the mother of humanity.

Syn: humankindAnt: inhumanity

💡 Exam tip: Humanity may mean both mankind and kindness toward people.

4. Love for Humanity and Service (8 words)

destitute[/ˈdestɪtuːt/]adjhard

Meaning: নিঃস্ব

Alt: অত্যন্ত দরিদ্র ও অসহায়

Example: She founded a home for dying destitute people.

Syn: pennilessAnt: affluent

💡 Exam tip: Destitute is stronger than poor.

compassion[/kəmˈpæʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: সহানুভূতি

Alt: অন্যের দুঃখে সহমর্মিতা ও সাহায্যের ইচ্ছা

Example: The world salutes her for her compassion.

Syn: sympathyAnt: cruelty

💡 Exam tip: Compassionate is the adjective form.

charity[/ˈtʃærəti/]nounmedium

Meaning: দাতব্য কাজ

Alt: অসহায়দের সাহায্য করার প্রতিষ্ঠান বা কাজ

Example: The Missionaries of Charity served the poor.

Syn: benevolenceAnt: selfishness

💡 Exam tip: Missionaries of Charity is a proper name in the lesson.

leprosy[/ˈleprəsi/]nounhard

Meaning: কুষ্ঠরোগ

Alt: এক ধরনের সংক্রামক রোগ

Example: The group began to work with people suffering from leprosy.

Syn: Hansen's diseaseAnt: health

💡 Exam tip: A person suffering from leprosy is called a leper in the textbook.

abandoned[/əˈbændənd/]adjeasy

Meaning: পরিত্যক্ত

Alt: যাকে ফেলে দেওয়া হয়েছে

Example: The home cared for abandoned children.

Syn: desertedAnt: protected

💡 Exam tip: Abandon means পরিত্যাগ করা; abandoned is its past participle adjective.

recognised[/ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/]adjeasy

Meaning: স্বীকৃত

Alt: প্রশংসা বা সম্মানপ্রাপ্ত

Example: Her humanitarian work was recognised throughout the world.

Syn: acknowledgedAnt: ignored

💡 Exam tip: Recognised is British spelling; recognized is American spelling.

irrespective[/ˌɪrɪˈspektɪv/]advhard

Meaning: নির্বিশেষে

Alt: কোনো পার্থক্য বিবেচনা না করে

Example: We should help people irrespective of caste or religion.

Syn: regardlessAnt: dependently

💡 Exam tip: The common structure is irrespective of.

commitment[/kəˈmɪtmənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: অঙ্গীকার

Alt: কোনো কাজের প্রতি দৃঢ় দায়বদ্ধতা

Example: Her commitment to humanity inspired millions.

Syn: dedicationAnt: inconstancy

💡 Exam tip: Commitment is often followed by to plus a noun or gerund.

5. Steve Jobs: Technology and Leadership (8 words)

co-founder[/ˌkoʊ ˈfaʊndər/]nounmedium

Meaning: সহ-প্রতিষ্ঠাতা

Alt: একসঙ্গে কোনো প্রতিষ্ঠান প্রতিষ্ঠাকারী ব্যক্তি

Example: Steve Jobs was the co-founder of Apple Inc.

Syn: joint founderAnt: employee

💡 Exam tip: The prefix co- means together or jointly.

pioneer[/ˌpaɪəˈnɪər/]nounmedium

Meaning: অগ্রদূত

Alt: নতুন কোনো ক্ষেত্রের পথপ্রদর্শক

Example: Jobs was a pioneer of the personal computer revolution.

Syn: innovatorAnt: imitator

💡 Exam tip: Use pioneer of before a field or movement.

profitability[/ˌprɑːfɪtəˈbɪləti/]nounhard

Meaning: লাভজনকতা

Alt: লাভ করার সক্ষমতা

Example: Jobs brought Apple back to profitability.

Syn: financial successAnt: loss

💡 Exam tip: The adjective is profitable and the noun profit means লাভ.

bankruptcy[/ˈbæŋkrʌptsi/]nounhard

Meaning: দেউলিয়াত্ব

Alt: ঋণ পরিশোধে অক্ষম অবস্থা

Example: Apple was brought back from the verge of bankruptcy.

Syn: insolvencyAnt: solvency

💡 Exam tip: The phrase on the verge of means প্রায় বা দ্বারপ্রান্তে.

visionary[/ˈvɪʒəneri/]adjmedium

Meaning: দূরদর্শী

Alt: ভবিষ্যৎ সম্ভাবনা কল্পনা করতে সক্ষম

Example: Steve Jobs was acclaimed as a visionary leader.

Syn: forward-lookingAnt: short-sighted

💡 Exam tip: Visionary may also be used as a noun for a person with original ideas.

user-friendly[/ˌjuːzər ˈfrendli/]adjeasy

Meaning: ব্যবহারবান্ধব

Alt: সহজে ব্যবহার করা যায় এমন

Example: The devices were simple and user-friendly.

Syn: easy-to-useAnt: complicated

💡 Exam tip: This is a compound adjective usually written with a hyphen.

turnaround[/ˈtɜːrnəraʊnd/]nounhard

Meaning: ঘুরে দাঁড়ানো

Alt: খারাপ অবস্থা থেকে দ্রুত উন্নতি

Example: Apple's recovery was regarded as a great turnaround.

Syn: recoveryAnt: decline

💡 Exam tip: Business turnaround means a dramatic improvement in performance.

acquire[/əˈkwaɪər/]verbmedium

Meaning: অধিগ্রহণ করা

Alt: কেনা বা নিজের নিয়ন্ত্রণে নেওয়া

Example: Disney acquired Pixar in 2006.

Syn: obtainAnt: lose

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is acquisition.

6. Steve Jobs’ Childhood and Character (8 words)

adopt[/əˈdɑːpt/]verbeasy

Meaning: দত্তক নেওয়া

Alt: অন্যের সন্তানকে নিজের সন্তান হিসেবে গ্রহণ করা

Example: Paul and Clara Jobs adopted Steve.

Syn: take inAnt: abandon

💡 Exam tip: Adopted means দত্তক নেওয়া; do not confuse it with adapted.

abandon[/əˈbændən/]verbeasy

Meaning: পরিত্যাগ করা

Alt: কাউকে বা কোনো স্থানকে ফেলে চলে যাওয়া

Example: Steve was abandoned at birth.

Syn: desertAnt: keep

💡 Exam tip: The past participle abandoned can describe a deserted person or place.

authority[/əˈθɔːrəti/]nounmedium

Meaning: কর্তৃত্ব

Alt: আদেশ দেওয়ার ক্ষমতা বা অধিকার

Example: Jobs could not easily accept other people's authority.

Syn: powerAnt: powerlessness

💡 Exam tip: Authority may also mean an official organization or expert.

encounter[/ɪnˈkaʊntər/]verbmedium

Meaning: সম্মুখীন হওয়া

Alt: অপ্রত্যাশিতভাবে দেখা বা অভিজ্ঞতা লাভ করা

Example: At school, he encountered a different kind of authority.

Syn: experienceAnt: avoid

💡 Exam tip: Encounter can be both a verb and a noun.

prank[/præŋk/]nouneasy

Meaning: দুষ্টুমি

Alt: হাস্যরসের জন্য করা ছোট দুষ্ট কাজ

Example: He played pranks to keep himself busy.

Syn: mischiefAnt: seriousness

💡 Exam tip: The plural form pranks is used when several tricks are meant.

exceptionally[/ɪkˈsepʃənəli/]advmedium

Meaning: অসাধারণভাবে

Alt: সাধারণ মাত্রার চেয়ে অনেক বেশি

Example: Steve was exceptionally intelligent.

Syn: remarkablyAnt: normally

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is exceptional.

motivate[/ˈmoʊtɪveɪt/]verbeasy

Meaning: অনুপ্রাণিত করা

Alt: কাজ করার আগ্রহ সৃষ্টি করা

Example: A challenging class motivated Jobs to study.

Syn: inspireAnt: discourage

💡 Exam tip: Motivation is the noun and motivated is the past participle.

turning point[/ˈtɜːrnɪŋ pɔɪnt/]nounmedium

Meaning: পরিবর্তনের সন্ধিক্ষণ

Alt: জীবনের গুরুত্বপূর্ণ মোড়

Example: Grade four was a turning point in Jobs' life.

Syn: milestoneAnt: stagnation

💡 Exam tip: Use a turning point in life or career in paragraph writing.

💡 Exam Tips

• Learn each word with its Bengali meaning, part of speech, synonym, antonym and an example sentence.

• Use context to distinguish related words such as humanity, humanitarian and humane.

• Remember common collocations: source of inspiration, man-made famine, devote oneself to, irrespective of, on the verge of bankruptcy and turning point.

• For synonym questions, mesmerize means মন্ত্রমুগ্ধ করা, while shock means হতবাক করা and is not an exact synonym.

• For True/False questions, check names, dates, places, awards and causes carefully.

• In paragraph writing, use linking words such as firstly, moreover, therefore, however and finally.

• For word-formation questions, identify whether the blank needs a noun, verb, adjective or adverb.

• Use humanitarian, compassion and charity when writing about service to poor or needy people.

• Use visionary, pioneer, profitability and turnaround when describing Steve Jobs' achievements.

• Revise irregular or easily confused forms: adopt/adapt, authority/author, descent/dissent and award/reward.

English For Today Classes Nine and Ten - People Who Stand Out - Vocabulary

Chapter: People Who Stand Out

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