English For Today Classes Nine and Ten - Problems Around Us - Vocabulary (Part 2)

📚 Vocabulary

English For Today Classes Nine and Ten

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add the prefix ‘un-’ to form opposites: planned → unplanned, employed → unemployed, literate → illiterate.

► Add the suffix ‘-ness’ to form abstract nouns: happy → happiness, kind → kindness, aware → awareness.

► Add the suffix ‘-tion’ or ‘-ation’ to form nouns: communicate → communication, cultivate → cultivation, occupy → occupation.

► Add the suffix ‘-er’ to form a person noun: work → worker, farm → farmer, teach → teacher.

► Add the suffix ‘-ist’ to form a person noun: agriculture → agriculturist, art → artist, science → scientist.

► Form adjectives with ‘-able’: avoid → avoidable, cultivate → cultivable, rely → reliable.

► Form nouns from adjectives with ‘-ity’: dense → density, scarce → scarcity, possible → possibility.

► Use phrasal verbs as fixed expressions: call off → cancel, keep up with → remain at the same level, find out → discover.

1. The Ferry Boat — নৌযাত্রা ও দুর্ঘটনা (8 words)

2. Population and Survey — জনসংখ্যা ও জরিপ (8 words)

3. Food, Land and Shelter — খাদ্য, জমি ও আশ্রয় (8 words)

4. Environment and Rural Change — পরিবেশ ও গ্রামীণ পরিবর্তন (8 words)

5. Lipi and Social Problems — লিপি ও সামাজিক সমস্যা (8 words)

6. Employment and English — কর্মসংস্থান ও ইংরেজি (8 words)

💡 Exam Tips

• Learn the Bengali meaning, part of speech, synonyms, antonyms, and one sentence for every important word.

• For multiple-choice questions, read the surrounding sentence carefully because the same word may have different meanings in different contexts.

• Remember the key phrase ‘on board’ means ‘on the boat’, while ‘overcrowded’ means ‘unable to carry any more people safely’.

• Use comparative and superlative forms accurately: larger, smaller, the largest, the smallest, higher, lower, the highest, and the lowest.

• Remember irregular verb forms such as sink–sank–sunk, shrink–shrank–shrunk, and rise–rose–risen.

• In paragraph writing, use linking words such as because, therefore, however, moreover, while, and on the other hand.

• For cause-and-effect answers, connect population growth with scarcity of food, housing problems, shrinking farmland, unemployment, and environmental damage.

• For vocabulary questions, distinguish noun, verb, adjective, and adverb forms; for example, communication, communicate, communicative, and communicatively.

• Use ‘sympathetic to’, ‘interested in’, ‘different from’, ‘similar to’, and ‘responsible for’ as standard prepositional combinations.

• In transformation questions, remember that ‘If Lipi had married Tara Mia, she would have...’ is a third conditional structure: if + past perfect, would have + past participle.