EPEnglishPreps Log InFree Sign Up
Home › Vocabulary › SSC (Class 9-10)

English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - E-mails - Vocabulary

SSC (Class 9-10) ¡ English ¡ 14 Aug 2026

🎯 SSC (Class 9-10)🌐 English📅 14 Aug 2026📖 Course 49 of 82
📚 All SSC (Class 9-10) word lists
🧠 Test Your Skill10 questions from this word list
SSC (Class 9-10)English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - E-mails - Vocabulary

Chapter: E-mails

📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
e-mailsenderreceiversubject linepurposeconcisereadableofficialprofessionalinformalreplyforwardnotifyignoredeletebypassessentialsubmissionappropriatesincerely
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē Add the suffix -er to a verb to form a person noun: send → sender, receive → receiver.
â–ē Add the suffix -ment to a verb to form a noun: attach → attachment, arrange → arrangement.
â–ē Add the suffix -tion or -sion to form an abstract noun: submit → submission, notify → notification, respond → response.
â–ē Add the prefix un- to form the opposite adjective: necessary → unnecessary, official → unofficial, familiar → unfamiliar.
â–ē Add the prefix in- or im- to form a negative adjective: appropriate → inappropriate, formal → informal, polite → impolite.
â–ē Add the suffix -able to a verb to form an adjective meaning capable of being done: read → readable, bypass → bypassable.
â–ē Add -ly to an adjective to form an adverb: sincere → sincerely, prompt → promptly, polite → politely.
â–ē Change y to i before adding -es or -ed in many verbs: reply → replies/replied; notify → notifies/notified.
1. E-mail Basics and Purposes (8 words)
e-mail[/ˈiːmeÉĒl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ; electronic message sent through the internet
Alt: āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I sent an e-mail to my teacher yesterday. (āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤)
Syn: electronic mailAnt: postal mail
💡 Exam tip: Use e-mail as a noun and e-mail as a verb in sentence-making.
sender[/ˈsendər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻ•; the person who sends a message
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: The sender should write his or her full name. (āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤)
Syn: writer, originatorAnt: receiver
💡 Exam tip: Sender is the opposite of receiver.
receiver[/rÉĒˈsiːvər/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ•; the person who receives a message
Alt: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: The receiver should understand the purpose of the e-mail. (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒāϕ⧇āϰ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤)
Syn: recipient, addresseeAnt: sender
💡 Exam tip: Recipient is a useful synonym for receiver in formal writing.
purpose[/ˈpɜːrpəs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ; the reason for doing or writing something
Alt: āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ
Example: The clear purpose of the e-mail is to request leave. (āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧋ āϛ⧁āϟāĻŋāϰ āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤)
Syn: aim, objectiveAnt: pointlessness
💡 Exam tip: A good e-mail should state its purpose clearly.
subject line[/ˈsƌbdʒÉĒkt laÉĒn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ-āĻļāĻŋāϰ⧋āύāĻžāĻŽ; the line that states the topic of an e-mail
Alt: āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ
Example: Write a meaningful subject line before sending the e-mail. (āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŦāĻš āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ-āĻļāĻŋāϰ⧋āύāĻžāĻŽ āϞ⧇āĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤)
Syn: title, headingAnt: body text
💡 Exam tip: In an exam e-mail, write the subject on a separate line.
message[/ˈmesÉĒdʒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤāĻž; information sent to someone
Alt: āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ
Example: Her message contained all the necessary information. (āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤)
Syn: communication, noteAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Message can be used as both a noun and a verb.
attachment[/əˈtÃĻtʃmənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ; a file sent with an e-mail
Alt: āϏāĻ‚āϞāĻ—ā§āύ āύāĻĨāĻŋ
Example: Please check the attachment with this e-mail. (āĻāχ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧁āύāĨ¤)
Syn: enclosure, fileAnt: main text
💡 Exam tip: Use attachment when referring to a document or photograph sent with an e-mail.
inbox[/ˈÉĒnbɒks/]nouneasy
Meaning: āχāύāĻŦāĻ•ā§āϏ; the place where received e-mails are stored
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ
Example: I found your reply in my inbox. (āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āχāύāĻŦāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤)
Syn: mailbox, message boxAnt: outbox
💡 Exam tip: Inbox contains received messages; outbox contains sent messages.
2. Effective E-mail Writing (8 words)
effective[/ÉĒˈfektÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ; producing the desired result
Alt: āĻĢāϞāĻĒā§āϰāϏ⧂
Example: A clear subject line makes an e-mail effective. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ-āĻļāĻŋāϰ⧋āύāĻžāĻŽ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤)
Syn: successful, efficientAnt: ineffective
💡 Exam tip: The noun form is effectiveness.
concise[/kənˈsaÉĒs/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ; brief but complete
Alt: āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒāĻŋāϤ
Example: A professional e-mail should be concise. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻ—āϤ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤)
Syn: brief, succinctAnt: verbose, wordy
💡 Exam tip: Concise means short without omitting important information.
meaningful[/ˈmiːnÉĒŋfəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŦāĻš; having a clear and useful meaning
Alt: āϤāĻžā§ŽāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
Example: Choose a meaningful subject for your e-mail. (āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŦāĻš āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: significant, relevantAnt: meaningless
💡 Exam tip: Meaningful is often used with subject, message, or experience.
straightforward[/ˌstreÉĒtˈfɔːrwərd/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏāϰāϞ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ; easy to understand and direct
Alt: āϏ⧋āϜāĻžāϏāĻžāĻĒāϟāĻž
Example: Use a straightforward subject line. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāϰāϞ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ-āĻļāĻŋāϰ⧋āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: direct, uncomplicatedAnt: complicated, ambiguous
💡 Exam tip: Straightforward is a compound adjective and is usually written as one word.
readable[/ˈriːdəbəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝ; easy to read and understand
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ
Example: Simple formatting makes the e-mail readable. (āϏāĻšāϜ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞāϕ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤)
Syn: legible, clearAnt: illegible
💡 Exam tip: Readable is formed from read plus -able.
appropriate[/əˈproʊpriət/]adjmedium
Meaning: āωāĻĒāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ; suitable for a particular situation
Alt: āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ
Example: Use appropriate language in an official e-mail. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇ āωāĻĒāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: suitable, properAnt: inappropriate
💡 Exam tip: The adverb is appropriately and the noun is appropriateness.
formatting[/ˈfɔːrmÃĻtÉĒŋ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ; the arrangement and style of written text
Alt: āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϜāϏāĻœā§āϜāĻž
Example: Keep the formatting simple and neat. (āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϟāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤)
Syn: layout, arrangementAnt: disorder
💡 Exam tip: Mention paragraphs, spacing, and font when explaining formatting.
abbreviation[/əˌbriːviˈeÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āϰ⧂āĻĒ; a shortened form of a word or phrase
Alt: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ
Example: Avoid inappropriate abbreviations in formal e-mails. (āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāϞ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: short form, acronymAnt: full form
💡 Exam tip: Formal e-mails generally require full words instead of casual abbreviations.
3. E-mail Actions and Communication (8 words)
compose[/kəmˈpoʊz/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϰāϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž; to write a message
Alt: āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Compose the e-mail carefully before clicking send. (āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻŦā§‹āϤāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞāϟāĻŋ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤)
Syn: write, draftAnt: erase
💡 Exam tip: The noun forms are composition and composer.
send[/send/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋; to cause a message to go to someone
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Send the application to the head teacher. (āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ“āĨ¤)
Syn: forward, dispatchAnt: receive
💡 Exam tip: Past and past participle forms are sent and sent.
reply[/rÉĒˈplaÉĒ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž; to answer a message
Alt: āϜāĻŦāĻžāĻŦ
Example: Please reply to my questions immediately. (āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻĻāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤)
Syn: answer, respondAnt: ignore
💡 Exam tip: Reply to a person or message, not reply a person.
forward[/ˈfɔːrwərd/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋; to send a received message to another person
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋
Example: I will forward the notice to all classmates. (āφāĻŽāĻŋ āύ⧋āϟāĻŋāĻļāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§€āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĨ¤)
Syn: send on, transferAnt: retain
💡 Exam tip: Forward can be a verb, adjective, adverb, or noun depending on use.
respond[/rÉĒˈspɒnd/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž; to answer or react to something
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύ⧋
Example: The manager responded to my e-mail this morning. (āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āφāϜ āϏāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤)
Syn: reply, answerAnt: ignore
💡 Exam tip: Use respond to, not respond at.
notify[/ˈnoƊtÉĒfaÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύ⧋; to officially inform someone
Alt: āĻ…āĻŦāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The office notified us about the meeting. (āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāϏāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ­āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤)
Syn: inform, announceAnt: conceal
💡 Exam tip: The noun is notification; notify someone of something is a common structure.
ignore[/ÉĒɥˈnɔːr/]verbeasy
Meaning: āωāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž; to pay no attention to something
Alt: āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: Do not ignore an important e-mail. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āωāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧋ āύāĻžāĨ¤)
Syn: neglect, disregardAnt: notice, attend
💡 Exam tip: Ignored e-mails may be bypassed or deleted.
delete[/dÉĒˈliːt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āϛ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž; to remove a message or file
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāϞ⧋āĻĒ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: She deleted the unwanted messages. (āϏ⧇ āĻ…āύāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŽā§āϛ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāϞāĨ¤)
Syn: remove, eraseAnt: save, retain
💡 Exam tip: The noun is deletion and the adjective is deletable.
4. Official and Personal E-mails (8 words)
official[/əˈfÉĒʃəl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ•; relating to an authority or organization
Alt: āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ
Example: Use a formal tone in an official e-mail. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: formal, authorizedAnt: unofficial, informal
💡 Exam tip: Official e-mails need a clear subject, polite salutation, and formal closing.
professional[/prəˈfeʃənəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻ—āϤ; suitable for a job or profession
Alt: āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ
Example: His professional e-mail was brief and polite. (āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻ—āϤ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤)
Syn: businesslike, formalAnt: unprofessional
💡 Exam tip: Professional writing avoids slang and unnecessary words.
informal[/ÉĒnˈfɔːrməl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āύāĻžāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ•; friendly and relaxed in style
Alt: āϘāϰ⧋āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: An informal e-mail may begin with a friendly greeting. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύāĻžāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāώāĻŖ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤)
Syn: casual, friendlyAnt: formal, official
💡 Exam tip: Informal does not mean careless; spelling and grammar should still be correct.
colleague[/ˈkɒliːɡ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€; a person who works with another
Alt: āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€
Example: The director sent a note to her colleagues. (āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻ• āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϏāĻšāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύ⧋āϟ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤)
Syn: co-worker, associateAnt: employer
💡 Exam tip: Colleague is often used in official notes and workplace e-mails.
interview[/ˈÉĒntərvjuː/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ; a formal meeting to assess a person
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I wrote a thank-you e-mail after the interview. (āϏāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤)
Syn: meeting, questioningAnt: avoidance
💡 Exam tip: Interview can be used as both a noun and a verb.
position[/pəˈzÉĒʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĻ; a job or role in an organization
Alt: āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ
Example: She applied for the position of assistant executive. (āϏ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻšā§€āϰ āĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤)
Syn: post, jobAnt: unemployment
💡 Exam tip: Position is a frequent word in job-related personal e-mails.
enthusiasm[/ÉĒnˈθuːziÃĻzəm/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻžāĻš; strong interest and eagerness
Alt: āωāĻĻā§āĻĻā§€āĻĒāύāĻž
Example: He expressed enthusiasm for the new project. (āϏ⧇ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻžāĻš āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞāĨ¤)
Syn: eagerness, passionAnt: apathy, indifference
💡 Exam tip: The adjective is enthusiastic and the adverb is enthusiastically.
sincerely[/sÉĒnˈsÉĒərli/]adveasy
Meaning: āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇; honestly and genuinely
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇
Example: End a formal e-mail with “Sincerely”. (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ “Sincerely” āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: genuinely, faithfullyAnt: insincerely
💡 Exam tip: Sincerely is a common complimentary close in formal e-mails.
5. Problems and Reasons for Bypassing E-mails (8 words)
bypass[/ˈbaÉĒpɑːs/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž; to avoid or pass without dealing with something
Alt: āωāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϚāϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The receiver may bypass an e-mail with an unclear subject. (āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤)
Syn: avoid, skipAnt: consider, address
💡 Exam tip: Bypass can be used as both a verb and a noun.
essential[/ÉĒˈsenʃəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ; absolutely necessary
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ•
Example: The e-mail contains essential information about the exam. (āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤)
Syn: necessary, vitalAnt: unnecessary, optional
💡 Exam tip: The noun is essence; essential information means very important information.
familiar[/fəˈmÉĒliər/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ; known from previous experience
Alt: āĻ…āĻŦāĻ—āϤ
Example: Messages from familiar senders are more likely to be read. (āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤)
Syn: known, recognizableAnt: unfamiliar, unknown
💡 Exam tip: Use be familiar with something, but be familiar to someone.
unnecessary[/ʌnˈnesəsəri/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ; not needed
Alt: āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ•
Example: Remove unnecessary words from your e-mail. (āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤)
Syn: needless, redundantAnt: necessary, essential
💡 Exam tip: Un- changes necessary into its opposite.
delay[/dÉĒˈleÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ; a period of waiting or lateness
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Late submissions may cause a delay in the decision. (āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϜāĻŽāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϞ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤)
Syn: postponement, latenessAnt: promptness, speed
💡 Exam tip: Delay works as both a noun and a verb: delay the reply.
submission[/səbˈmÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϜāĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ; the act of presenting something for consideration
Alt: āϜāĻŽāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āύāĻĨāĻŋ
Example: The deadline for submission is tomorrow. (āϜāĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āφāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€āĻ•āĻžāϞāĨ¤)
Syn: presentation, deliveryAnt: withdrawal
💡 Exam tip: The verb is submit; remember the double s in submission.
inappropriate[/ˌÉĒnəˈproƊpriət/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ; not suitable for a situation
Alt: āĻ…āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ
Example: Bright colours and capital letters are inappropriate in a formal e-mail. (āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇ āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞ āϰāĻ‚ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĨ¤)
Syn: unsuitable, improperAnt: appropriate, suitable
💡 Exam tip: In- gives the opposite meaning of appropriate.
bypassable[/ˈbaÉĒpɑːsəbəl/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ; capable of being bypassed
Alt: āωāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ
Example: A vague subject can make an e-mail bypassable. (āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞāϕ⧇ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤)
Syn: avoidable, skippableAnt: unavoidable
💡 Exam tip: The suffix -able means capable of being done.
6. Useful Verbs, Adjectives, and Word Formation (8 words)
clarify[/ˈklÃĻrəfaÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻž; to make something easier to understand
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Please clarify the reason for your request. (āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: explain, elucidateAnt: confuse, obscure
💡 Exam tip: The noun is clarification and the adjective is clear or clarified.
recognize[/ˈrekəɡnaÉĒz/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻšā§‡āύāĻž; to identify someone or something previously known
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The receiver should recognize the sender’s full name. (āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻšā§‡āύāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤)
Syn: identify, knowAnt: misidentify
💡 Exam tip: British spelling is recognise; both forms are accepted according to style.
encourage[/ÉĒnˈkƌrÉĒdʒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž; to give support or confidence
Alt: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The manager encouraged the staff to reply promptly. (āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤)
Syn: inspire, motivateAnt: discourage
💡 Exam tip: The noun is encouragement; encourage someone to do something is the correct pattern.
cooperate[/koʊˈɒpəreÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž; to work together
Alt: āϏāĻšāĻŽāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: All departments should cooperate on the project. (āϏāĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤)
Syn: collaborate, assistAnt: oppose, compete
💡 Exam tip: The noun is cooperation and the adjective is cooperative.
polite[/pəˈlaÉĒt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ; showing good manners
Alt: āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ
Example: Always use polite language when writing to an authority. (āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώāϕ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ­āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: courteous, civilAnt: rude, impolite
💡 Exam tip: Polite becomes politely as an adverb and politeness as a noun.
promptly[/ˈprɒmptli/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ; without delay
Alt: āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻŽāϤ⧋
Example: She replied promptly to the official notice. (āϏ⧇ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ āύ⧋āϟāĻŋāĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤)
Syn: quickly, immediatelyAnt: slowly, late
💡 Exam tip: Prompt means quick or punctual; promptly is its adverb form.
relevant[/ˈreləvənt/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ•; closely connected with the topic
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ
Example: The first few lines should contain relevant information. (āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϞāĻžāχāύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤)
Syn: pertinent, relatedAnt: irrelevant, unrelated
💡 Exam tip: Relevant information directly supports the subject of an e-mail.
accurate[/ˈÃĻkjərət/]adjmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āϞ; correct and free from mistakes
Alt: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•
Example: Check that the address and date are accurate. (āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āĻ“ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ– āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āϞ āĻ•āĻŋ āύāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤)
Syn: correct, preciseAnt: inaccurate, incorrect
💡 Exam tip: The noun is accuracy; accurate spelling and grammar improve readability.
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ Write the recipient’s e-mail address and a clear subject line before the body of the message.
â€ĸ Begin a formal e-mail with a polite salutation such as “Dear Sir/Madam” or “Dear Sir”.
â€ĸ State the purpose in the opening sentence and keep the body concise and relevant.
â€ĸ Use short paragraphs, correct spelling, proper punctuation, and a blank line between paragraphs.
â€ĸ Use a formal tone for authorities, offices, applications, and official notices; use a friendly tone for close friends.
â€ĸ End a formal e-mail with “Yours faithfully”, “Yours sincerely”, or “Sincerely”, followed by the sender’s full name.
â€ĸ Avoid slang, unnecessary abbreviations, all capital letters, bright colours, and decorative fonts in formal e-mails.
â€ĸ Use active voice where possible: “We are sending your order today” is clearer than “Your order will be sent by us today.”
â€ĸ When replying, answer every question in the original e-mail immediately and clearly.
â€ĸ Remember the contrast pairs frequently tested in vocabulary: sender/receiver, formal/informal, necessary/unnecessary, appropriate/inappropriate, and include/exclude.
â€ĸ Do not confuse reply with forward: reply answers the sender, while forward sends the received message to another person.
â€ĸ Proofread the e-mail before sending it, especially the address, subject, tense, spelling, and closing.

Similar word lists

🎓 Want more words?Make vocabulary sheets for any class, subject and chapter on AlphaGenEdu - free.
Create free account →