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English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - Answer key - Vocabulary

SSC (Class 9-10) ¡ English ¡ 14 Aug 2026

🎯 SSC (Class 9-10)🌐 English📅 14 Aug 2026📖 Course 22 of 82
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SSC (Class 9-10)English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - Answer key - Vocabulary

Chapter: Answer key

📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
abstractcollectivecompoundantecedentreflexivepossessivecomparativesuperlativeauxiliarytransitiveintransitivefiniteinfinitiveobligationpermissionpossibilityassertiveinterrogativeimperativeconditionalconsequencepassiveagentconjunctionnarrationdirectindirectapplicationcurriculum vitaeattachmentsalutationconclusionparagraphcompositionsummarydescriptiontrendincreasedeclinefluctuate
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē Noun āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ adjective: beauty → beautiful, care → careful, danger → dangerousāĨ¤
â–ē Adjective āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ adverb: quick → quickly, careful → carefully, happy → happilyāĨ¤
â–ē Verb āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ noun: educate → education, decide → decision, move → movementāĨ¤
â–ē Noun āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ plural: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ -s āĻŦāĻž -es āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ; book → books, class → classesāĨ¤
â–ē Consonant + y āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ plural-āĻ y āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧇ -ies āĻšā§Ÿ; city → citiesāĨ¤
â–ē Adjective-āĻāϰ comparative: āϛ⧋āϟ adjective-āĻ -er āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ superlative-āĻ -est āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ; tall → taller → tallestāĨ¤
â–ē āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ adjective-āĻāϰ comparative āĻ“ superlative-āĻ more āĻ“ most āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ; beautiful → more beautiful → most beautifulāĨ¤
â–ē Negative prefix: un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis- āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšā§Ÿ; happy → unhappy, possible → impossibleāĨ¤
â–ē Noun āĻŦāĻž adjective-āĻ -ness āϝ⧋āϗ⧇ abstract noun āĻšā§Ÿ; kind → kindness, dark → darknessāĨ¤
â–ē Verb-āĻāϰ present participle āĻ—āĻ āύ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ -ing āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ; read → reading, write → writingāĨ¤
1. The Noun and Pronouns (8 words)
abstract[/ˈÃĻbstrÃĻkt/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āĻ°ā§āϤ
Alt: āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ—āϤ, āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ
Example: Honesty is an abstract noun.
Syn: conceptualAnt: concrete
💡 Exam tip: āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž, āϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āϤāĻŋāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻšāϞ⧇ abstract noun āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤
collective[/kəˈlektÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ
Example: A team is a collective noun.
Syn: combinedAnt: individual
💡 Exam tip: āĻĻāϞ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ collective noun āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
compound[/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϝ⧌āĻ—āĻŋāĻ•
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ
Example: ‘Toothpaste’ is a compound word.
Syn: combinedAnt: simple
💡 Exam tip: āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻšāϞ⧇ compoundāĨ¤
common[/ˈkɒmən/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ
Example: ‘City’ is a common noun.
Syn: generalAnt: proper
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖā§€āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ common nounāĨ¤
antecedent[/ˌÃĻntÉĒˈsiːdənt/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻĒāĻĻ
Alt: āϝ⧇ noun-āϕ⧇ pronoun āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: Rina lost her pen; Rina is the antecedent of ‘her’.
Syn: forerunnerAnt: successor
💡 Exam tip: Pronoun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§āϞāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ noun-āϕ⧇ antecedent āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤
reflexive[/rÉĒˈfleksÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•
Example: He hurt himself.
Syn: self-directedAnt: objective
💡 Exam tip: myself, yourself, himself āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ reflexive pronounāĨ¤
demonstrative[/dÉĒˈmɒnstrətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: This is my book.
Syn: indicativeAnt: nonindicative
💡 Exam tip: this, that, these, those demonstrative pronoun āĻŦāĻž adjective āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
possessive[/pəˈzesÉĒv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•
Example: This is their house.
Syn: proprietaryAnt: nonpossessive
💡 Exam tip: my, our, your, his, her, their āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤
2. Adjectives and Adverbs (8 words)
qualitative[/ˈkwɒlÉĒtətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•
Example: She is an honest girl.
Syn: descriptiveAnt: quantitative
💡 Exam tip: āϕ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§â€”āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ qualitative adjectiveāĨ¤
quantitative[/ˈkwɒntÉĒtətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•
Example: He has much money.
Syn: numericalAnt: qualitative
💡 Exam tip: āĻ•āϤāϟ⧁āϕ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āϤāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ quantitative adjectiveāĨ¤
demonstrative[/dÉĒˈmɒnstrətÉĒv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ
Alt: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: Those flowers are beautiful.
Syn: pointingAnt: general
💡 Exam tip: Noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ this, that, these, those āĻŦāϏāϞ⧇ demonstrative adjectiveāĨ¤
comparative[/kəmˈpÃĻrətÉĒv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ•
Example: Rahim is taller than Karim.
Syn: relativeAnt: absolute
💡 Exam tip: āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžā§Ÿ comparative degree āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤
superlative[/suːˈpɜːlətÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžā§Ÿ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ
Alt: āϏāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻˇā§āĻ 
Example: Dhaka is one of the largest cities.
Syn: highestAnt: lowest
💡 Exam tip: āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϞ⧇ superlative degreeāĨ¤
manner[/ˈmÃĻnə/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϧāϰāύ
Alt: āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻšā§Ÿ
Example: The child spoke politely.
Syn: wayAnt: disorder
💡 Exam tip: āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻšā§Ÿâ€”āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāϟāĻŋ manner adverb āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
frequency[/ˈfriːkwənsi/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϘāύāϘāύāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āϤāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϘāĻŸā§‡
Example: He always speaks the truth.
Syn: regularityAnt: rarity
💡 Exam tip: always, often, sometimes, never frequency adverbāĨ¤
degree[/dÉĒˈɥriː/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž
Alt: āϤ⧀āĻŦā§āϰāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ
Example: The water is very hot.
Syn: extentAnt: insignificance
💡 Exam tip: very, too, quite, almost āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāύ⧋ adverbāĨ¤
3. Verbs, Tenses and Modals (8 words)
auxiliary[/ɔːɡˈzÉĒliəri/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžā§ŸāĻ•
Alt: āĻŽā§‚āϞ verb-āϕ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻžā§ŸāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: ‘Is’ is an auxiliary verb in ‘He is reading’.
Syn: helpingAnt: main
💡 Exam tip: be, have, do āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ modal verbs auxiliary āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
transitive[/ˈtrÃĻnzÉĒtÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•
Alt: āϝāĻžāϰ object āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ
Example: She reads a book.
Syn: object-takingAnt: intransitive
💡 Exam tip: Verb-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ object āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ transitive verbāĨ¤
intransitive[/ÉĒnˈtrÃĻnzÉĒtÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•
Alt: āϝāĻžāϰ object āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āĻšā§Ÿ āύāĻž
Example: The baby cried.
Syn: objectlessAnt: transitive
💡 Exam tip: Object āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ intransitive verbāĨ¤
finite[/ˈfaÉĒnaÉĒt/]adjhard
Meaning: āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻž
Alt: subject āĻ“ tense āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻļā§€āϞ
Example: He goes to school.
Syn: limitedAnt: nonfinite
💡 Exam tip: Finite verb subject āĻ“ tense āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻŦāĻĻāϞāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤
infinitive[/ÉĒnˈfÉĒnətÉĒv/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž
Alt: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ to-āϏāĻš verb-āĻāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϰ⧂āĻĒ
Example: I want to learn English.
Syn: verb-nounAnt: finite verb
💡 Exam tip: to + verb-āĻāϰ base form āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ infinitiveāĨ¤
obligation[/ˌɒblÉĒˈɥeÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāϧāĻ•āϤāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āφāĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ•āϤāĻž
Example: You must obey your parents.
Syn: dutyAnt: freedom
💡 Exam tip: must, have to, should āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāϧāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
permission[/pəˈmÉĒʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύ
Example: May I come in?
Syn: consentAnt: prohibition
💡 Exam tip: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχāϤ⧇ may āĻŦāĻž can āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤
possibility[/ˌpɒsəˈbÉĒləti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž
Alt: āϘāϟāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻž
Example: It may rain today.
Syn: chanceAnt: impossibility
💡 Exam tip: may, might, could āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
4. Sentences, Conditionals and Passive Voice (8 words)
assertive[/əˈsɜːtÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧃āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•
Alt: āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: He is an honest man.
Syn: declarativeAnt: interrogative
💡 Exam tip: Assertive sentence-āϕ⧇ affirmative āĻŦāĻž negative āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤
interrogative[/ˌÉĒntəˈrɒɡətÉĒv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ•
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: Where do you live?
Syn: questioningAnt: declarative
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ question mark āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤
imperative[/ÉĒmˈperətÉĒv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļāϏ⧂āϚāĻ•
Alt: āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļ, āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•
Example: Please open the door.
Syn: commandingAnt: optional
💡 Exam tip: Imperative sentence-āĻ subject āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āωāĻšā§āϝ youāĨ¤
conditional[/kənˈdÉĒʃənəl/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤāϏāĻžāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώ
Alt: āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰāĻļā§€āϞ
Example: If you work hard, you will succeed.
Syn: dependentAnt: unconditional
💡 Exam tip: If-clause āĻ“ main clause āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧇ conditional sentence āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤
consequence[/ˈkɒnsÉĒkwens/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ
Example: If you waste time, you will suffer the consequence.
Syn: resultAnt: cause
💡 Exam tip: Conditional sentence-āĻ main clause āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ consequence āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
passive[/ˈpÃĻsÉĒv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§āϝ
Alt: āϝ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇
Example: The letter was written by Mina.
Syn: receptiveAnt: active
💡 Exam tip: Passive voice-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ āύ: subject + be + past participleāĨ¤
agent[/ˈeÉĒdʒənt/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ•
Alt: āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: The poem was written by Nazrul; Nazrul is the agent.
Syn: doerAnt: receiver
💡 Exam tip: Passive voice-āĻ by-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ agent āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
conjunction[/kənˈdĘ’ĘŒÅ‹kʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āϜāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝ⧟
Alt: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĒāĻĻ
Example: I stayed home because it was raining.
Syn: connectorAnt: separator
💡 Exam tip: and, but, or, because, although conjunctionāĨ¤
5. Speech and Writing Skills (8 words)
narration[/nəˈreÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Narration changes direct speech into indirect speech.
Syn: reportingAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Reporting verb, tense, pronoun āĻ“ time-word āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ–ā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
direct[/dəˈrekt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āώ
Alt: āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻšā§āĻŦāĻšā§ āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: He said, “I am tired.”
Syn: exactAnt: indirect
💡 Exam tip: Direct speech quotation marks-āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤
indirect[/ˌÉĒndəˈrekt/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰ⧋āĻ•ā§āώ
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ
Example: He said that he was tired.
Syn: reportedAnt: direct
💡 Exam tip: Indirect speech-āĻ quotation marks āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
application[/ˌÃĻplÉĒˈkeÉĒʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ
Alt: āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ
Example: I wrote an application for leave.
Syn: requestAnt: refusal
💡 Exam tip: Application-āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧟, āϏāĻŽā§āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ, āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāύ⧀āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
curriculum vitae[/kəˌrÉĒkjələm ˈviːtaÉĒ/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ
Alt: āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰāĻŖ
Example: She attached her curriculum vitae to the application.
Syn: rÊsumÊAnt: į„Ą
💡 Exam tip: CV-āϤ⧇ personal details, education, experience āĻ“ references āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤
attachment[/əˈtÃĻtʃmənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ
Example: Please find the assignment in the attachment.
Syn: enclosureAnt: detachment
💡 Exam tip: āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇ attachment āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ Please find attached āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤
salutation[/ˌsÃĻljuˈteÉĒʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻŦā§‹āϧāύ
Alt: āϚāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāώāĻŖ
Example: ‘Dear Sir’ is a formal salutation.
Syn: greetingAnt: farewell
💡 Exam tip: Formal letter-āĻ Dear Sir or Madam āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ salutationāĨ¤
conclusion[/kənˈkluːʒən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āωāĻĒāϏāĻ‚āĻšāĻžāϰ
Alt: āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ
Example: The conclusion restates the main idea.
Syn: endingAnt: introduction
💡 Exam tip: Paragraph āĻŦāĻž composition-āĻāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ conclusion āĻĻāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤
6. Composition, Summary and Graphs (8 words)
paragraph[/ˈpÃĻrəɡrɑːf/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻšā§āϛ⧇āĻĻ
Alt: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧟āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ
Example: A good paragraph has one main idea.
Syn: sectionAnt: whole
💡 Exam tip: Paragraph-āĻ topic sentence, supporting sentences āĻ“ concluding sentence āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
composition[/ˌkɒmpəˈzÉĒʃən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϰāϚāύāĻž
Alt: āϏ⧁āĻļ⧃āĻ™ā§āĻ–āϞ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ
Example: He wrote a composition on tree plantation.
Syn: essayAnt: fragment
💡 Exam tip: Composition-āĻ introduction, body āĻ“ conclusion āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
summary[/ˈsʌməri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ
Alt: āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āϰ⧂āĻĒ
Example: Write a summary of the passage.
Syn: outlineAnt: expansion
💡 Exam tip: Summary-āϤ⧇ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŦ⧇, āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
description[/dÉĒˈskrÉĒpʃən/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧟ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ
Example: The description of the village is vivid.
Syn: accountAnt: omission
💡 Exam tip: āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϘāϟāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϞāĻŋāĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
trend[/trend/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϧāĻžāϰāĻž
Example: The graph shows an upward trend in sales.
Syn: tendencyAnt: stability
💡 Exam tip: Graph description-āĻ upward, downward āĻ“ fluctuating trend āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
increase[/ÉĒnˈkriːs/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϪ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: The number of students increased rapidly.
Syn: riseAnt: decrease
💡 Exam tip: Increase-āĻāϰ noun āĻ“ verb āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž: noun /ˈÉĒŋkriːs/, verb /ÉĒnˈkriːs/āĨ¤
decline[/dÉĒˈklaÉĒn/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: The birth rate declined gradually.
Syn: decreaseAnt: grow
💡 Exam tip: āϧ⧀āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ gradually declined āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤
fluctuate[/ˈflƌktʃueÉĒt/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻ“āĻ āĻžāύāĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻšā§āϰāĻžāϏ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž
Example: The temperature fluctuated throughout the day.
Syn: varyAnt: remain constant
💡 Exam tip: āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ-āĻĒāϤāύ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ fluctuated āĻŦāĻž fluctuating āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ subject, verb āĻ“ object āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ grammatical function āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
â€ĸ Tense āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ time expression āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ auxiliary verb āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
â€ĸ Voice change-āĻ object-āϕ⧇ passive sentence-āĻāϰ subject āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
â€ĸ Narration change-āĻ reporting verb, pronoun, tense āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ-āĻ•āĻžāϞāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
â€ĸ Degree change-āĻ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇ comparative āĻŦāĻž superlative āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
â€ĸ Conditional sentence-āĻ if-clause āĻ“ main clause-āĻāϰ tense āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϞ⧇āĻ–ā§‹āĨ¤
â€ĸ āϚāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ, āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āĻ“ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇ format, salutation, subject āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ closing āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āύāĻžāĨ¤
â€ĸ Summary āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ passage-āĻāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
â€ĸ Graph āĻŦāĻž chart āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻžā§Ÿ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• trend āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤
â€ĸ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ spelling, punctuation, capitalization āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ subject-verb agreement āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰ⧋āĨ¤

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