English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - Narrative Composition Writing - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Narrative Composition Writing

📚 Vocabulary

English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

narrativecompositionintroductiondevelopmentconclusionsequenceexperienceincidentinitiallysuddenlymeanwhileeventuallygriefagonyhomesickrelievedobstaclesurviverescueshelterstrandedperseveremagnificencescenicbewitchingvastpicturesquecaptivatingtranquilbustlingcouragekindnessloyaltysympathyresponsibilitydeterminationhonestyrealization

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Narrate (verb) → narrative (noun/adjective): বর্ণনা করা → বর্ণনামূলক বা কাহিনি।

► Compose (verb) → composition (noun): রচনা করা → রচনা।

► Introduce (verb) → introduction (noun): উপস্থাপন করা → ভূমিকা।

► Conclude (verb) → conclusion (noun): শেষ করা → উপসংহার।

► Develop (verb) → development (noun): বিকশিত করা → বিকাশ।

► Experience (noun/verb) → experienced (adjective): অভিজ্ঞতা → অভিজ্ঞ।

► Survive (verb) → survival (noun) → survivor (noun): বেঁচে থাকা → টিকে থাকা → জীবিত ব্যক্তি।

► Rescue (verb/noun) → rescuer (noun): উদ্ধার করা/উদ্ধার → উদ্ধারকারী।

► Courage (noun) → courageous (adjective): সাহস → সাহসী।

► Determine (verb) → determination (noun) → determined (adjective): সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া → দৃঢ়সংকল্প → দৃঢ়প্রতিজ্ঞ।

► Sympathize (verb) → sympathy (noun) → sympathetic (adjective): সহানুভূতি প্রকাশ করা → সহানুভূতি → সহানুভূতিশীল।

► Realize (verb) → realization (noun) → realistic (adjective): উপলব্ধি করা → উপলব্ধি → বাস্তবধর্মী।

1. Narrative Structure and Organization (8 words)

narrative[/ˈnærətɪv/]nounmedium

Meaning: বর্ণনা বা কাহিনি

Alt: ঘটনা ধারাবাহিকভাবে বলার লেখা

Example: The narrative describes a memorable experience.

Syn: story, accountAnt: silence, concealment

💡 Exam tip: Use narrative for writing that tells events in sequence.

composition[/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: রচনা

Alt: সুশৃঙ্খলভাবে লেখা বিষয়

Example: I wrote a composition about my school picnic.

Syn: essay, writingAnt: disorder, fragment

💡 Exam tip: A composition should have an introduction, body and conclusion.

introduction[/ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: ভূমিকা

Alt: বিষয়ের প্রাথমিক উপস্থাপন

Example: The introduction presents the main idea clearly.

Syn: opening, beginningAnt: conclusion, ending

💡 Exam tip: Mention the topic and background briefly in the introduction.

development[/dɪˈveləpmənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: বিকাশ

Alt: মূল ভাবের বিস্তারিত ব্যাখ্যা

Example: The body contains the development of the central idea.

Syn: progress, expansionAnt: decline, reduction

💡 Exam tip: Develop each point with relevant details and examples.

conclusion[/kənˈkluːʒən/]nouneasy

Meaning: উপসংহার

Alt: লেখার শেষ সারাংশ

Example: The conclusion summarizes the experience.

Syn: ending, summaryAnt: introduction, opening

💡 Exam tip: Do not introduce a new idea in the conclusion.

paragraph[/ˈpærəɡrɑːf/]nouneasy

Meaning: অনুচ্ছেদ

Alt: একটি কেন্দ্রীয় ভাবসম্পন্ন লেখার অংশ

Example: Each paragraph should focus on one main idea.

Syn: section, passageAnt: whole, entirety

💡 Exam tip: Begin a new paragraph when the focus or stage of the story changes.

coherent[/kəʊˈhɪərənt/]adjhard

Meaning: সুসংগত

Alt: যার ভাবগুলো পরস্পর যুক্ত

Example: Her composition was coherent and well organized.

Syn: logical, connectedAnt: illogical, disconnected

💡 Exam tip: Use linking words to make the composition coherent.

sequence[/ˈsiːkwəns/]nounmedium

Meaning: ক্রম

Alt: ঘটনার ধারাবাহিক বিন্যাস

Example: The events are presented in chronological sequence.

Syn: order, successionAnt: disorder, confusion

💡 Exam tip: Narrate events in the correct sequence to avoid ambiguity.

2. Time and Event Expressions (8 words)

experience[/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/]nouneasy

Meaning: অভিজ্ঞতা

Alt: কোনো ঘটনার ব্যক্তিগত অনুভব

Example: The school picnic was an unforgettable experience.

Syn: event, adventureAnt: inexperience, ignorance

💡 Exam tip: Use past tense when narrating a past experience.

incident[/ˈɪnsɪdənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: ঘটনা

Alt: বিশেষ বা আকস্মিক ঘটনা

Example: The incident changed my attitude towards life.

Syn: event, occurrenceAnt: nonoccurrence, inactivity

💡 Exam tip: Incident is useful for a short, specific event.

initially[/ɪˈnɪʃəli/]advmedium

Meaning: প্রাথমিকভাবে

Alt: শুরুতে

Example: Initially, I felt nervous in the new school.

Syn: at first, originallyAnt: finally, eventually

💡 Exam tip: Use initially to introduce the first stage of an event.

suddenly[/ˈsʌdənli/]adveasy

Meaning: হঠাৎ

Alt: অপ্রত্যাশিতভাবে

Example: Suddenly, the lights went out.

Syn: abruptly, unexpectedlyAnt: gradually, slowly

💡 Exam tip: Suddenly is commonly used before an unexpected event.

meanwhile[/ˈmiːnwaɪl/]advmedium

Meaning: এদিকে

Alt: একই সময়ে

Example: Meanwhile, my parents were searching for me.

Syn: in the meantime, simultaneouslyAnt: afterwards, later

💡 Exam tip: Use meanwhile to connect two events happening at the same time.

afterwards[/ˈɑːftəwədz/]adveasy

Meaning: পরে

Alt: কোনো ঘটনার পর

Example: Afterwards, we returned home safely.

Syn: later, subsequentlyAnt: beforehand, previously

💡 Exam tip: Place afterwards at the beginning or end of a sentence.

eventually[/ɪˈventʃuəli/]advmedium

Meaning: অবশেষে

Alt: দীর্ঘ সময় বা প্রচেষ্টার পর

Example: Eventually, the rescue team found us.

Syn: finally, ultimatelyAnt: initially, never

💡 Exam tip: Eventually shows the final result after earlier difficulties.

thereafter[/ˌðeərˈɑːftə/]advhard

Meaning: তারপর থেকে

Alt: উল্লিখিত সময়ের পর

Example: Thereafter, I became more careful.

Syn: after that, subsequentlyAnt: before, previously

💡 Exam tip: Use thereafter in formal narrative writing.

3. Feelings and Personal Response (8 words)

delighted[/dɪˈlaɪtɪd/]adjmedium

Meaning: আনন্দিত

Alt: অত্যন্ত খুশি

Example: I was delighted to visit Cox's Bazar.

Syn: pleased, joyfulAnt: sad, disappointed

💡 Exam tip: Use delighted instead of repeating happy.

frightened[/ˈfraɪtənd/]adjeasy

Meaning: ভীত

Alt: আতঙ্কিত

Example: The little boy was frightened by the loud noise.

Syn: afraid, terrifiedAnt: brave, fearless

💡 Exam tip: Frightened describes a person's feeling; frightening describes a cause.

grief[/ɡriːf/]nounmedium

Meaning: শোক

Alt: প্রিয়জন হারানোর গভীর দুঃখ

Example: The family was overcome with grief.

Syn: sorrow, sadnessAnt: joy, happiness

💡 Exam tip: Grief is a strong formal word for deep sorrow.

agony[/ˈæɡəni/]nounhard

Meaning: তীব্র যন্ত্রণা

Alt: গভীর মানসিক কষ্ট

Example: He suffered great agony after losing his grandfather.

Syn: torment, distressAnt: comfort, relief

💡 Exam tip: Use agony for extreme physical or emotional pain.

paralyzed[/ˈpærəlaɪzd/]adjhard

Meaning: অবশ

Alt: ভয়ে বা দুঃখে স্বাভাবিক কাজ করতে অক্ষম

Example: I felt emotionally paralyzed after the tragic news.

Syn: helpless, stunnedAnt: active, energetic

💡 Exam tip: Emotionally paralyzed is a strong expression in sad narratives.

astonished[/əˈstɒnɪʃt/]adjmedium

Meaning: বিস্মিত

Alt: অত্যন্ত অবাক

Example: We were astonished by the beauty of the sea.

Syn: amazed, surprisedAnt: unimpressed, expectant

💡 Exam tip: Astonished is stronger than surprised.

homesick[/ˈhəʊmsɪk/]adjmedium

Meaning: বাড়ির জন্য ব্যাকুল

Alt: বাড়ি থেকে দূরে থাকার কারণে দুঃখিত

Example: I felt homesick during my first week abroad.

Syn: nostalgic, lonelyAnt: contented, settled

💡 Exam tip: Homesick is an adjective; say feel homesick, not feel homesickness in every context.

relieved[/rɪˈliːvd/]adjeasy

Meaning: স্বস্তি পাওয়া

Alt: দুশ্চিন্তা থেকে মুক্ত

Example: I felt relieved when my parents arrived.

Syn: reassured, comfortedAnt: worried, anxious

💡 Exam tip: Use relieved after danger, fear or anxiety ends.

4. Difficulties, Danger and Solutions (8 words)

dilemma[/dɪˈlemə/]nounhard

Meaning: দ্বিধা

Alt: দুটি কঠিন বিকল্পের মধ্যে সংকট

Example: I was in a dilemma about whether to stay or leave.

Syn: predicament, difficultyAnt: certainty, solution

💡 Exam tip: Dilemma is followed by about or over in common usage.

obstacle[/ˈɒbstəkl/]nounmedium

Meaning: বাধা

Alt: অগ্রগতিতে প্রতিবন্ধকতা

Example: Lack of food was the greatest obstacle on the island.

Syn: barrier, hindranceAnt: aid, assistance

💡 Exam tip: Use overcome an obstacle as a useful collocation.

desperate[/ˈdespərət/]adjmedium

Meaning: মরিয়া

Alt: চরম বিপদগ্রস্ত বা আশাহীন

Example: The sailors were desperate for fresh water.

Syn: hopeless, franticAnt: hopeful, calm

💡 Exam tip: Desperate for means urgently needing something.

survive[/səˈvaɪv/]verbeasy

Meaning: বেঁচে থাকা

Alt: বিপদ অতিক্রম করে টিকে থাকা

Example: We learned how to survive without food.

Syn: endure, persistAnt: die, perish

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is survival and the adjective is surviving.

rescue[/ˈreskjuː/]verbeasy

Meaning: উদ্ধার করা

Alt: বিপদ থেকে মুক্ত করা

Example: The coast guards rescued the passengers.

Syn: save, recoverAnt: abandon, endanger

💡 Exam tip: Rescue can be both a verb and a noun.

shelter[/ˈʃeltə/]nouneasy

Meaning: আশ্রয়

Alt: বৃষ্টি, ঝড় বা বিপদ থেকে নিরাপদ স্থান

Example: We built a temporary shelter under a tree.

Syn: refuge, protectionAnt: exposure, danger

💡 Exam tip: Take shelter is a common examination phrase.

stranded[/ˈstrændɪd/]adjmedium

Meaning: আটকা পড়া

Alt: সহায়তা ছাড়া কোনো স্থানে আটকে থাকা

Example: The travellers were stranded on a distant island.

Syn: stuck, maroonedAnt: free, rescued

💡 Exam tip: Use be stranded on an island or at a station.

persevere[/ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə/]verbhard

Meaning: অধ্যবসায় করা

Alt: কঠিন অবস্থায় চেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাওয়া

Example: We persevered until help finally arrived.

Syn: persist, continueAnt: quit, surrender

💡 Exam tip: Persevere is followed by in or with, not usually at.

5. Description of People, Places and Nature (8 words)

magnificence[/mæɡˈnɪfɪsns/]nounhard

Meaning: মহিমা

Alt: অসাধারণ জাঁকজমক বা সৌন্দর্য

Example: We were stunned by the magnificence of the ocean.

Syn: splendour, grandeurAnt: ugliness, plainness

💡 Exam tip: Magnificence is a formal noun useful in descriptive writing.

scenic[/ˈsiːnɪk/]adjmedium

Meaning: দৃশ্যবহুল

Alt: প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্যে ভরা

Example: The bus passed through a scenic hilly region.

Syn: picturesque, beautifulAnt: ugly, unattractive

💡 Exam tip: Scenic beauty is a frequent composition phrase.

bewitching[/bɪˈwɪtʃɪŋ/]adjhard

Meaning: মোহনীয়

Alt: অত্যন্ত আকর্ষণীয়

Example: The bewitching beauty of the hills fascinated us.

Syn: charming, enchantingAnt: repulsive, dull

💡 Exam tip: Use bewitching to avoid overusing beautiful.

vast[/vɑːst/]adjmedium

Meaning: বিশাল

Alt: অত্যন্ত বিস্তৃত

Example: A vast expanse of water stretched before us.

Syn: immense, enormousAnt: tiny, limited

💡 Exam tip: Vast expanse is a strong collocation for landscapes.

picturesque[/ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/]adjhard

Meaning: মনোরম

Alt: ছবির মতো সুন্দর

Example: We stayed in a picturesque village beside the river.

Syn: scenic, charmingAnt: ugly, drab

💡 Exam tip: Picturesque is often used before village, town or landscape.

captivating[/ˈkæptɪveɪtɪŋ/]adjmedium

Meaning: মুগ্ধকর

Alt: মনোযোগ ও আগ্রহ ধরে রাখে এমন

Example: The captivating view made us forget the long journey.

Syn: fascinating, absorbingAnt: boring, dull

💡 Exam tip: Captivating is suitable for people, stories, views and performances.

tranquil[/ˈtræŋkwɪl/]adjhard

Meaning: শান্ত

Alt: কোলাহল ও উদ্বেগমুক্ত

Example: The tranquil village offered us complete peace.

Syn: peaceful, calmAnt: noisy, disturbed

💡 Exam tip: Use tranquil for peaceful places or situations.

bustling[/ˈbʌslɪŋ/]adjmedium

Meaning: ব্যস্ত ও কোলাহলপূর্ণ

Alt: মানুষের চলাচলে প্রাণবন্ত

Example: The bustling town was full of shops and vehicles.

Syn: busy, livelyAnt: quiet, deserted

💡 Exam tip: Bustling is ideal for describing markets, towns and streets.

6. Character, Values and Life Lessons (8 words)

courage[/ˈkʌrɪdʒ/]nouneasy

Meaning: সাহস

Alt: ভয়কে জয় করে কাজ করার মানসিক শক্তি

Example: His courage saved the child from drowning.

Syn: bravery, boldnessAnt: cowardice, fear

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is courageous.

kindness[/ˈkaɪndnəs/]nouneasy

Meaning: দয়া

Alt: সহানুভূতিশীল ও সাহায্যকারী আচরণ

Example: Her kindness made the lonely student feel welcome.

Syn: goodness, generosityAnt: cruelty, unkindness

💡 Exam tip: Use an act of kindness in moral narratives.

loyalty[/ˈlɔɪəlti/]nounmedium

Meaning: বিশ্বস্ততা

Alt: কোনো ব্যক্তি বা দেশের প্রতি দৃঢ় আনুগত্য

Example: The soldier showed loyalty to his country.

Syn: devotion, faithfulnessAnt: disloyalty, betrayal

💡 Exam tip: Loyalty to is the correct preposition pattern.

sympathy[/ˈsɪmpəθi/]nounmedium

Meaning: সহানুভূতি

Alt: অন্যের দুঃখে সমবেদনা

Example: We expressed our sympathy to the bereaved family.

Syn: compassion, pityAnt: cruelty, indifference

💡 Exam tip: Say express sympathy, not do sympathy.

responsibility[/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/]nounmedium

Meaning: দায়িত্ব

Alt: কোনো কাজের কর্তব্য বা জবাবদিহি

Example: Everyone has a responsibility to protect nature.

Syn: duty, obligationAnt: irresponsibility, negligence

💡 Exam tip: Take responsibility for is a common phrase.

determination[/dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/]nounhard

Meaning: দৃঢ়সংকল্প

Alt: লক্ষ্য অর্জনের অটল ইচ্ছা

Example: With determination, she overcame every difficulty.

Syn: resolve, firmnessAnt: hesitation, weakness

💡 Exam tip: Determination is often used with with or great.

honesty[/ˈɒnəsti/]nouneasy

Meaning: সততা

Alt: সত্য কথা বলার গুণ

Example: His honesty earned the trust of everyone.

Syn: truthfulness, integrityAnt: dishonesty, deceit

💡 Exam tip: Honesty is the best policy is a useful concluding maxim.

realization[/ˌrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/]nounhard

Meaning: উপলব্ধি

Alt: কোনো সত্য সম্পর্কে সচেতন হওয়া

Example: The experience brought me a realization of life's value.

Syn: understanding, awarenessAnt: ignorance, unawareness

💡 Exam tip: End a narrative with the lesson or realization gained.

💡 Exam Tips

• A narrative composition should contain an introduction, a developed body and a brief conclusion.

• Arrange events chronologically and use connectors such as initially, then, meanwhile, afterwards and eventually.

• Use the simple past tense for completed past events, but use the past continuous tense for an action in progress.

• Use suddenly to introduce an unexpected event and therefore or as a result to show its consequence.

• Keep the first-person pronoun I capitalized throughout the composition.

• Use vivid adjectives such as scenic, vast, captivating and tranquil to make descriptions effective.

• Avoid repeating common words such as good, bad, happy and sad; replace them with precise vocabulary.

• Do not add a completely new idea in the conclusion; summarize the main experience or lesson.

• Maintain unity: every paragraph should support the topic given in the question.

• Check subject-verb agreement, tense consistency, spelling, punctuation and paragraph division before submitting.

• For a personal experience, include time, place, people, main event, feelings, result and lesson.

• For an imaginary situation, describe the problem, immediate response, attempts to survive and final realization.

English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - Narrative Composition Writing - Vocabulary

Chapter: Narrative Composition Writing

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