Chapter: Letters
đ Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten
â Most Important Exam Words
senderrecipientsalutationsubjectcomplimentary closesignatureapplicationrequestgrantpermissionnecessityconvenienceobligeconsiderationabsenceillnessrecoverycasual leaveexcursionstipendcertificateauthoritycomplaintmaintenanceinconvenienceurgentremedyinvitationoccasionceremonycordialpleasurecelebratefellowshipaffectionategratefulcongratulatesympathycondolenceremembranceprosperity
đ Word Formation Rules
âē Noun + -er forms a person noun: send + er = sender, receive + er = receiver, request + er = requester.
âē Verb + -tion or -sion forms an abstract noun: invite + tion = invitation, consider + ation = consideration, permit + sion = permission.
âē Adjective + -ly forms an adverb: affectionate + ly = affectionately, cordial + ly = cordially, grateful + ly = gratefully.
âē Adjective + -ness forms a noun: ill + ness = illness, convenient + ness = convenience.
âē Prefix in- or im- can form an opposite: convenience â inconvenience, formal â informal, possible â impossible.
âē Verb + -ment forms a noun: arrange + ment = arrangement, maintain + ment = maintenance.
âē Many nouns have related adjectives: affection â affectionate, ceremony â ceremonial, urgency â urgent.
âē Common compound expressions are formed by combining words: casual leave, transfer certificate, cordial invitation, letter of condolence.
1. Letter Structure and Parts (8 words)
sender[/ËsendÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰā§āϰāĻ
Alt: āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: The sender wrote his address at the top of the letter.
Syn: writerAnt: receiver
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠sender-āĻāϰ āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻžāύāĻž āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
recipient[/rÉĒËsÉĒpiÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ
Alt: āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§
Example: The recipient received the letter yesterday.
Syn: receiverAnt: sender
đĄ Exam tip: recipient āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ letter-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒāĻāĨ¤
address[/ÉËdres/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻžāύāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧāϏā§āĻāĻ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ
Example: Write your full address clearly on the envelope.
Syn: location
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϤ⧠senderâs address āĻ recipientâs address āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϞāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
salutation[/ËsÃĻljuËteÉĒĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāώāĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻļā§āϰā§āϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāύ
Example: Dear Sir is a formal salutation.
Syn: greetingAnt: farewell
đĄ Exam tip: Formal letter-āĻ Salutation āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ Dear Sir āĻŦāĻž Dear Madam āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
subject[/ËsĘbdĘÉĒkt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻŽā§āϞ āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ
Example: The subject of the application is a request for leave.
Syn: topic
đĄ Exam tip: Subject āϏāĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤
body[/ËbÉdi/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āϞ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ
āĻāĻļ
Example: The body of the letter contains three short paragraphs.
Syn: main textAnt: heading
đĄ Exam tip: Body-āϤ⧠introduction, details āĻāĻŦāĻ conclusion āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
complimentary close[/ËkÉmplÉĒËmentÉri klÉĘz/]nounhard
Meaning: āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāώāĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āϏā§āĻāύā§āϝāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ
Example: Yours faithfully is a suitable complimentary close for a formal letter.
Syn: closingAnt: salutation
đĄ Exam tip: Dear Sir-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ Yours faithfully āĻāĻŦāĻ Dear friend-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ Yours ever āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
signature[/ËsÉĒÉĄnÉtĘÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āώāϰ
Alt: āύāĻžāĻŽā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻāϏā§āĻŦ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύ
Example: The applicant put his signature below the closing.
Syn: autograph
đĄ Exam tip: Signature-āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧ āϞāĻŋāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
2. Formal Requests and Applications (8 words)
application[/ËÃĻplÉĒËkeÉĒĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻĒāϤā§āϰ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ āĻāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāϤā§āϰ
Example: I submitted an application for three daysâ leave.
Syn: requestAnt: rejection
đĄ Exam tip: Application-āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āϤ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
request[/rÉĒËkwest/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: I have a humble request to make.
Syn: appealAnt: command
đĄ Exam tip: I request you to grant my prayer āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰāĨ¤
grant[/ÉĄrÉËnt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The head teacher granted my leave.
Syn: allowAnt: refuse
đĄ Exam tip: Grant my prayer āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ āĻŽāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
permission[/pÉËmÉĒĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻŽā§āĻĻāύ
Example: We need permission to arrange the cultural programme.
Syn: consentAnt: prohibition
đĄ Exam tip: Permission-āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ ask for āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰ⧠to-infinitive āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
necessity[/nÉËsesÉti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ
Example: A computer is a necessity for the computer club.
Syn: needAnt: luxury
đĄ Exam tip: Due to the necessity of āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ formal writing-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
convenience[/kÉnËviËniÉns/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻšāĻāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāϰāĻžāĻŽ
Example: The library should remain open for the convenience of students.
Syn: easeAnt: inconvenience
đĄ Exam tip: for the convenience of āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĨ¤
oblige[/ÉËblaÉĒdĘ/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰāĻš āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ āϰāĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Example: I shall be greatly obliged if you help me.
Syn: assistAnt: hinder
đĄ Exam tip: I shall be obliged if you āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ request letter-āĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
consideration[/kÉnËsÉĒdÉËreÉĒĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻž
Example: I hope that you will give my application due consideration.
Syn: attentionAnt: neglect
đĄ Exam tip: due consideration āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ formal phraseāĨ¤
3. Leave and School-Related Letters (8 words)
absence[/ËÃĻbsÉns/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: His absence from school was caused by illness.
Syn: nonattendanceAnt: presence
đĄ Exam tip: absence from school āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
illness[/ËÉĒlnÉs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āϏā§āϏā§āĻĨāϤāĻž
Alt: āϰā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻžāϰā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āϏā§āϏā§āĻĨ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: Because of my illness, I could not attend school.
Syn: sicknessAnt: health
đĄ Exam tip: illness-āĻāϰ adjective āĻšāϞ⧠ill āĻāĻŦāĻ healthy-āĻāϰ antonymāĨ¤
recovery[/rÉĒËkĘvÉri/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāϰā§āĻā§āϝāϞāĻžāĻ
Alt: āĻ
āϏā§āϏā§āĻĨāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϏā§āϏā§āĻĨ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻž
Example: The doctor wished him a speedy recovery.
Syn: healingAnt: relapse
đĄ Exam tip: speedy recovery āĻļā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻāĻžāύāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
casual leave[/ËkÃĻĘuÉl ËliËv/]nounmedium
Meaning: āύā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ
Alt: āϏā§āĻŦāϞā§āĻĒ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻā§āĻāĻŋ
Example: He applied for casual leave for one day.
Syn: short leaveAnt: attendance
đĄ Exam tip: casual leave āĻ sick leave-āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĨ¤
excursion[/ÉĒkËskÉËĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϏāĻĢāϰ
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ⧠āĻĻāϞāĻāϤ āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ
Example: The students applied for permission to go on an excursion.
Syn: educational tripAnt: stay
đĄ Exam tip: an excursion to a historical place āϞāĻŋāĻāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
stipend[/ËstaÉĒpend/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž
Example: The poor student applied for a stipend.
Syn: scholarship
đĄ Exam tip: stipend-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ financial assistance āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
certificate[/sÉËtÉĒfÉĒkÉt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāύāĻĻāĻĒāϤā§āϰ
Alt: āϝā§āĻā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻžāϰ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ
Example: She requested a transfer certificate from the school.
Syn: document
đĄ Exam tip: transfer certificate āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ school application-āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
arrangement[/ÉËreÉĒndĘmÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž
Example: The school made arrangements for the annual sports day.
Syn: preparationAnt: disorder
đĄ Exam tip: make arrangements for āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ collocationāĨ¤
4. Letters to Authorities and Complaints (8 words)
authority[/ÉËËθÉrÉti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻĒāĻā§āώ
Alt: āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāύā§āϤ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāύ
Example: We requested the local authority to repair the road.
Syn: official bodyAnt: public
đĄ Exam tip: the concerned authority āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āϏāĻāĻļā§āϞāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻĒāĻā§āώāĨ¤
complaint[/kÉmËpleÉĒnt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻāĻŋāϝā§āĻ
Alt: āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϏāύā§āϤā§āώā§āϰ āĻāύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ
Example: The residents sent a complaint about waterlogging.
Syn: grievanceAnt: praise
đĄ Exam tip: complaint about āĻāĻŦāĻ complaint against-āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
requester[/rÉĒËkwestÉr/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧāĻāĻžāϰā§
Alt: āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: The requester provided all the necessary information.
Syn: applicantAnt: respondent
đĄ Exam tip: requester āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ request āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻŋāϤ nounāĨ¤
repair[/rÉĒËpeÉr/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āύāώā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: The damaged bridge needs to be repaired immediately.
Syn: mendAnt: damage
đĄ Exam tip: needs to be repaired passive structure-āĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
maintenance[/ËmeÉĒntÉnÉns/]nounhard
Meaning: āϰāĻā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻŦā§āĻā§āώāĻŖ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻ
Example: Regular maintenance can keep the road safe.
Syn: upkeepAnt: neglect
đĄ Exam tip: maintenance of roads āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āϰāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰ āϰāĻā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻŦā§āĻā§āώāĻŖāĨ¤
inconvenience[/ËÉĒnkÉnËviËniÉns/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϏā§āĻŦāϏā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: We regret the inconvenience caused to the passengers.
Syn: troubleAnt: convenience
đĄ Exam tip: regret the inconvenience caused āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ polite expressionāĨ¤
urgent[/ËÉËdĘÉnt/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻāϰā§āϰāĻŋ
Alt: āϝāĻž āĻĻā§āϰā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ
Example: The authority should take urgent steps to control traffic.
Syn: pressingAnt: unimportant
đĄ Exam tip: urgent steps āĻāĻŦāĻ immediate action collocation āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĨ¤
remedy[/ËremÉdi/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ
Alt: āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: The letter suggests a remedy for the drainage problem.
Syn: solutionAnt: cause
đĄ Exam tip: find a remedy for āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāϰāĻžāĨ¤
5. Invitations and Social Letters (8 words)
invite[/ÉĒnËvaÉĒt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāύā§
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻ
āύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧠āĻāϏāϤ⧠āĻŦāϞāĻž
Example: We invite you to attend our annual cultural programme.
Syn: askAnt: exclude
đĄ Exam tip: invite someone to do something āĻāĻ āύāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
invitation[/ËÉĒnvÉĒËteÉĒĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧠āϝā§āĻ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ
Example: I received an invitation to my friendâs birthday party.
Syn: requestAnt: refusal
đĄ Exam tip: invitation letter-āĻ date, time āĻ venue āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āĨ¤
occasion[/ÉËkeÉĒĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāϞāĻā§āώ
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύ
Example: The school arranged a programme on the occasion of Independence Day.
Syn: event
đĄ Exam tip: on the occasion of āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ phraseāĨ¤
ceremony[/ËserÉmÉni/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύ
Alt: āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŽā§āύ⧠āĻ
āύā§āώā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻŽ
Example: The prize-giving ceremony will begin at ten oâclock.
Syn: function
đĄ Exam tip: opening ceremony āĻ closing ceremony āĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤāĨ¤
cordial[/ËkÉËdiÉl/]adjectivehard
Meaning: āĻāύā§āϤāϰāĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻāώā§āĻŖ āĻ āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ
Example: Please accept our cordial invitation to the programme.
Syn: friendlyAnt: hostile
đĄ Exam tip: cordial invitation āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāϰ formal expressionāĨ¤
pleasure[/ËpleĘÉr/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻ
Alt: āϏā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āϤā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Example: It will give us great pleasure if you attend the ceremony.
Syn: delightAnt: sorrow
đĄ Exam tip: It will give us great pleasure if you āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻāĻŋ invitation letter-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
celebrate[/ËselÉĒbreÉĒt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĻāϝāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: We will celebrate the victory with a cultural programme.
Syn: observeAnt: mourn
đĄ Exam tip: celebrate a festival āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠observe a dayâāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĨ¤
fellowship[/ËfelÉĘĘÉĒp/]nounhard
Meaning: āϏā§āĻšāĻžāϰā§āĻĻā§āϝ
Alt: āĻŦāύā§āϧā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāϞāύ
Example: The picnic will strengthen fellowship among the students.
Syn: companionshipAnt: isolation
đĄ Exam tip: fellowship among the students phrase-āĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰāĨ¤
6. Personal and Friendly Letters (8 words)
affectionate[/ÉËfekĘÉnÉt/]adjectivemedium
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻšāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āĻ āĻŽāĻŽāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ
Example: He sent an affectionate letter to his mother.
Syn: lovingAnt: cold
đĄ Exam tip: affectionate letter āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ family member-āĻā§ āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
grateful[/ËÉĄreÉĒtfÉl/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āϤāĻā§āĻ
Alt: āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϧāύā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ
Example: I am grateful to you for your kind help.
Syn: thankfulAnt: ungrateful
đĄ Exam tip: grateful to someone for something āĻāĻ āύāĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§ āϰāĻžāĻā§āĨ¤
congratulate[/kÉnËÉĄrÃĻtĘÉleÉĒt/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻāĻŋāύāύā§āĻĻāύ āĻāĻžāύāĻžāύā§
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻĢāϞā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻļā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāύāĻžāύā§
Example: I congratulate you on your brilliant success.
Syn: praiseAnt: criticize
đĄ Exam tip: congratulate someone on somethingâon-āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻāĨ¤
sympathy[/ËsÉĒmpÉθi/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻšāĻžāύā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻā§ āϏāĻŽāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻŽāϤāĻž
Example: Please accept my heartfelt sympathy for your loss.
Syn: compassionAnt: indifference
đĄ Exam tip: sympathy for someone āĻāĻŦāĻ sympathize with someone āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ āύāĨ¤
condolence[/kÉnËdÉĘlÉns/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϤāĻž
Alt: āĻŽā§āϤā§āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻŦā§āĻĻāύāĻž
Example: He sent a letter of condolence to the bereaved family.
Syn: sympathyAnt: congratulation
đĄ Exam tip: letter of condolence-āĻ respectful āĻ formal āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻŦā§āĨ¤
remembrance[/rÉĒËmembrÉns/]nounhard
Meaning: āϏā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻāύāĻžāĻā§ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: This gift will remain as a remembrance of our friendship.
Syn: memoryAnt: forgetfulness
đĄ Exam tip: in remembrance of āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āϏā§āĻŽāϰāĻŖā§āĨ¤
prosperity[/prÉËsperÉti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻĢāϞā§āϝ āĻ āĻāύā§āύāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž
Example: I pray for your happiness and prosperity.
Syn: successAnt: poverty
đĄ Exam tip: happiness, peace and prosperity āĻļā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŽāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāώā§āĻāĻŋāĨ¤
affectionately[/ÉËfekĘÉnÉtli/]adverbmedium
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻšāĻāϰā§
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§
Example: She affectionately remembered her childhood friend.
Syn: lovinglyAnt: coldly
đĄ Exam tip: affectionately āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϰ āĻļā§āώāĻžāĻāĻļā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Formal letters should include the senderâs address, date, recipientâs address, subject, salutation, body, complimentary close and signature.
âĸ Write the subject in one short line and underline it when the examination format permits.
âĸ Use polite expressions such as I beg to state, I shall be obliged, kindly grant my prayer and I hope you will consider my request.
âĸ Divide the body of an application into clear paragraphs: reason, details and request.
âĸ Use Yours faithfully after Dear Sir or Dear Madam, and Yours sincerely after addressing a person by name.
âĸ In invitation letters, mention the occasion, date, time, venue and a request for attendance.
âĸ In complaint letters, describe the problem clearly, explain its effects and suggest a practical remedy.
âĸ Check prepositions carefully: apply for leave, request permission to attend, congratulate someone on success, sympathize with someone and complain about a problem.
âĸ Avoid contractions and informal slang in formal letters.
âĸ Keep the tone respectful, the sentences concise and the handwriting or formatting neat.