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English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - The Preposition - Vocabulary

SSC (Class 9-10) ¡ English ¡ 14 Aug 2026

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SSC (Class 9-10)English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten - The Preposition - Vocabulary

Chapter: The Preposition

📚 Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
prepositionsimple prepositioncomplex prepositionphrasal prepositionappropriate prepositionrelationshipequivalentadmittedaccordancebehalfaudienceaffectionambitionallegianceattentioncompassionconnectiondesireexceptionexposuregratitudereputationabideabstainadhereapologizeapplyavailborrowchargeclingcomplycondolecontributedabbledifferhankerinterfereaccustomedaccurateaffectionateashameddepriveddetrimentaleligiblenegligentobedientpopularproficientsatisfiedsufficient
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē A simple preposition consists of one word, such as in, on, at, by, from or with.
â–ē A complex or phrasal preposition consists of more than one word, such as because of, in spite of or on behalf of.
â–ē After a preposition, use a noun, pronoun, noun phrase or gerund: She is fond of reading.
â–ē When a verb follows a preposition, use its -ing form: He succeeded in solving the problem.
â–ē Use to after a noun or adjective when the collocation requires it: attention to, loyal to and detrimental to.
â–ē Use from after verbs such as abstain, differ and borrow: abstain from smoking, differ from him and borrow from the library.
â–ē Use of after adjectives and verbs such as ashamed, deprived and consist: ashamed of, deprived of and consist of.
â–ē Use for after nouns such as affection, ambition, desire and reputation: affection for him, ambition for fame and desire for success.
1. Simple Prepositions: Place and Direction (8 words)
above[/əˈbʌv/]prepeasy
Meaning: āωāĻĒāϰ⧇
Alt: āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇
Example: The plane is flying above the clouds.
Syn: overAnt: below
💡 Exam tip: Above āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
across[/əˈkrɒs/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ“āĻĒāĻžāϰ
Alt: āϜ⧁āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇
Example: They walked across the bridge.
Syn: overAnt: along
💡 Exam tip: Across-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āϠ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
against[/əˈɡenst/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϠ⧇āϏ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇
Example: The boat moved against the current.
Syn: opposingAnt: for
💡 Exam tip: Against opinion, against the wall āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ against the current—āĻāχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
along[/əˈlɒŋ/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻŦāϰ
Alt: āĻĒāĻĨ āϧāϰ⧇
Example: We walked along the river.
Syn: besideAnt: across
💡 Exam tip: Along the road āĻŦāĻž along the river āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĨ¤
among[/əˈmĘŒÅ‹/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧇āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
Alt: āĻĻāϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
Example: She was sitting among her friends.
Syn: amidAnt: outside
💡 Exam tip: āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ among āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
between[/bÉĒˈtwiːn/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĻ⧁āϜāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇
Example: The bank is between the school and the market.
Syn: amidAnt: outside
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ between āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
beneath[/bÉĒˈniːθ/]prepmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡
Alt: āϤāϞāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻ¸ā§āϤāύ⧇
Example: The shoes are beneath the bed.
Syn: underAnt: above
💡 Exam tip: Beneath āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ under-āĻāϰ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāĨ¤
towards[/təˈwɔːdz/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŽā§āϖ⧇
Example: The child ran towards his mother.
Syn: toAnt: away from
💡 Exam tip: Towards āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϚāϞāĻž āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒ⧌āρāĻ›āĻžāύ⧋ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2. Simple Prepositions: Time and Relation (8 words)
after[/ˈɑːftə(r)/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰ⧇
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇
Example: We went home after dinner.
Syn: followingAnt: before
💡 Exam tip: After breakfast, after school āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ after April—āϤāĻŋāύ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
before[/bÉĒˈfɔː(r)/]prepeasy
Meaning: āφāϗ⧇
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇
Example: Wash your hands before meals.
Syn: prior toAnt: after
💡 Exam tip: Before āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽâ€”āϏāĻŦ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
during[/ˈdjʊərÉĒŋ/]prepmedium
Meaning: āϚāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧀āύ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
Example: He slept during the lecture.
Syn: throughoutAnt: after
💡 Exam tip: During-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ noun āĻŦāϏ⧇; clause-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ while āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
since[/sÉĒns/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇
Example: She has lived here since 2020.
Syn: fromAnt: until
💡 Exam tip: Since-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
until[/ənˈtÉĒl/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ
Example: Wait here until noon.
Syn: tillAnt: since
💡 Exam tip: Until āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ till āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•; āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ until āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
through[/θruː/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇
Alt: āĻāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ
Example: The train passed through the tunnel.
Syn: viaAnt: around
💡 Exam tip: Through āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
with[/wÉĒð/]prepeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: She cut the fruit with a knife.
Syn: alongsideAnt: without
💡 Exam tip: With āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ-āϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—, āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖâ€”āϤāĻŋāύ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
without[/wÉĒˈðaƊt/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: We cannot live without water.
Syn: lackingAnt: with
💡 Exam tip: Without-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ without speakingāĨ¤
3. Complex or Phrasal Prepositions (8 words)
according to[/əˈkɔːdÉĒŋ tuː/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€
Alt: āĻŽāϤ⧇
Example: According to the teacher, the test will be easy.
Syn: in accordance withAnt: contrary to
💡 Exam tip: According to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
because of[/bÉĒˈkɒz əv/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇
Alt: āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ
Example: The match was cancelled because of rain.
Syn: owing toAnt: despite
💡 Exam tip: Because of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun phrase āĻŦāϏ⧇; clause-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ because āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
in spite of[/ÉĒn spaÉĒt əv/]prepmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻ“
Example: In spite of his illness, he attended class.
Syn: despiteAnt: because of
💡 Exam tip: In spite of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
on behalf of[/ɒn bÉĒˈhɑːf əv/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: I accepted the prize on behalf of my team.
Syn: forAnt: against
💡 Exam tip: On behalf of āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ“ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
in addition to[/ÉĒn əˈdÉĒʃən tuː/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“
Alt: āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇
Example: In addition to English, she studies Arabic.
Syn: besidesAnt: instead of
💡 Exam tip: In addition to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
instead of[/ÉĒnˈsted əv/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇
Alt: āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧇
Example: He walked instead of taking a bus.
Syn: in place ofAnt: in addition to
💡 Exam tip: Instead of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun, pronoun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
by means of[/baÉĒ miːnz əv/]prephard
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡
Alt: āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: He solved the problem by means of a computer.
Syn: throughAnt: without
💡 Exam tip: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āωāĻĒāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ by means of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
with a view to[/wÉĒð ə vjuː tuː/]prephard
Meaning: āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ⧇
Alt: āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇
Example: She went to Dhaka with a view to attending a seminar.
Syn: for the purpose ofAnt: without intention
💡 Exam tip: With a view to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ verb-āĻāϰ gerund form āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
4. Noun and Preposition Collocations (8 words)
affection for[/əˈfekʃən fɔː(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āύ⧇āĻš
Alt: āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻŽāϤāĻž
Example: The child has great affection for his grandmother.
Syn: love forAnt: hatred of
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ—āϞ: affection for someoneāĨ¤
ambition for[/ÃĻmˈbÉĒʃən fɔː(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž
Example: His ambition for fame is strong.
Syn: aspiration forAnt: lack of ambition
💡 Exam tip: Ambition for fame āĻŦāĻž ambition to succeed—āĻĻ⧁āχ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
attention to[/əˈtenʃən tuː/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧋āϝ⧋āĻ—
Alt: āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻ¤ā§āύ
Example: Pay attention to the instructions.
Syn: concentration onAnt: neglect of
💡 Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ: pay attention toāĨ¤
comparison between[/kəmˈpÃĻrÉĒsən bÉĒˈtwiːn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž
Alt: āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻŦ⧈āϏāĻžāĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ
Example: Make a comparison between the two poems.
Syn: contrast betweenAnt: distinction
💡 Exam tip: āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ comparison between āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
connection with[/kəˈnekʃən wÉĒð/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•
Alt: āϝ⧋āĻ—āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ
Example: He has no connection with that organization.
Syn: relationship withAnt: separation from
💡 Exam tip: Connection with āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ connection between—āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύāĨ¤
desire for[/dÉĒˈzaÉĒə(r) fɔː(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āφāĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž
Example: She has a strong desire for success.
Syn: wish forAnt: aversion to
💡 Exam tip: Desire for-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun āĻŦāϏ⧇; desire to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ base verb āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
gratitude to[/ˈɥrÃĻtÉĒtjuːd tuː/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻœā§āĻžāϤāĻž
Alt: āωāĻĒāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϧāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻĒāύ
Example: He expressed his gratitude to his parents.
Syn: thankfulness toAnt: ingratitude
💡 Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āφāϗ⧇ to āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ for āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
reputation for[/ˌrepjuˈteÉĒʃən fɔː(r)/]nounhard
Meaning: āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āϏ⧁āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āύāĻžāĻŽ
Example: The school has a reputation for excellence.
Syn: ååŖ° forAnt: disrepute
💡 Exam tip: Reputation for honesty, reputation for excellence—āĻāχ āĻ—āĻ āύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤
5. Verb and Preposition Collocations (8 words)
abide by[/əˈbaÉĒd baÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇ āϚāϞāĻž
Alt: āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: We must abide by the rules.
Syn: obeyAnt: disobey
💡 Exam tip: Abide by-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ rule, law, decision āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
abstain from[/əbˈsteÉĒn frəm/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Alt: āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: He abstains from smoking.
Syn: refrain fromAnt: indulge in
💡 Exam tip: Abstain from-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
adhere to[/ədˈhÉĒə(r) tuː/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĻ⧃āĻĸāĻŧāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇ āϚāϞāĻž
Example: You should adhere to your promise.
Syn: stick toAnt: violate
💡 Exam tip: Adhere to a rule, principle āĻŦāĻž promise—āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• preposition āĻšāϞ⧋ toāĨ¤
apologize to[/əˈpɒlədʒaÉĒz tuː/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāĻž āϚāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āϭ⧁āϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ– āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I apologized to my teacher for my mistake.
Syn: say sorry toAnt: blame
💡 Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āφāϗ⧇ to āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϭ⧁āϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ for āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
apply to[/əˈplaÉĒ tuː/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: He applied to the authority for a promotion.
Syn: petitionAnt: withdraw
💡 Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ to, āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ forāĨ¤
borrow from[/ˈbɒrəʊ frəm/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϧāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I borrowed these books from the library.
Syn: take on loanAnt: lend to
💡 Exam tip: Borrow from āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ lend to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
comply with[/kəmˈplaÉĒ wÉĒð/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇ āϚāϞāĻž
Alt: āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻŦāĻž āφāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: He complied with my request.
Syn: conform toAnt: resist
💡 Exam tip: Comply-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž with āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
interfere with[/ˌÉĒntəˈfÉĒə(r) wÉĒð/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻšāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: Do not interfere with my work.
Syn: meddle withAnt: assist
💡 Exam tip: Interfere with someone āĻŦāĻž something āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āύāĨ¤
6. Adjective and Preposition Collocations (8 words)
accustomed to[/əˈkʌstəmd tuː/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āϤ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āϤ
Example: He is accustomed to waking up early.
Syn: used toAnt: unaccustomed to
💡 Exam tip: Accustomed to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏ⧇, infinitive āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
accurate in[/ˈÃĻkjərət ÉĒn/]adjhard
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āϞ
Alt: āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻĨā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•
Example: She is accurate in her calculations.
Syn: correct inAnt: inaccurate in
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āύ: accurate in calculations āĻŦāĻž accurate in detailāĨ¤
affectionate to[/əˈfekʃənət tuː/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āύ⧇āĻšāĻļā§€āϞ
Alt: āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āφāϚāϰāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀
Example: The mother is affectionate to her children.
Syn: loving towardsAnt: å†ˇæˇĄ
💡 Exam tip: Affectionate to āĻŦāĻž affectionate towards—āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāχ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāĨ¤
angry with[/ˈÃĻÅ‹ÉĄri wÉĒð/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ“ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϰāĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻ•ā§āϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ
Example: She was angry with him.
Syn: mad withAnt: pleased with
💡 Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ angry with āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ angry at āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
ashamed of[/əˈʃeÉĒmd əv/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϞāĻœā§āϜāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻĻā§‹āώ āĻŦāĻž āϭ⧁āϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰāϤ
Example: You should be ashamed of your conduct.
Syn: embarrassed aboutAnt: proud of
💡 Exam tip: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻ āύ: ashamed of somethingāĨ¤
deprived of[/dÉĒˈpraÉĒvd əv/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžā§āϚāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžā§āϚāĻŋāϤ
Example: The child was deprived of education.
Syn: deniedAnt: provided with
💡 Exam tip: Deprived of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϰāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻŦāϏ⧇āĨ¤
detrimental to[/ˌdetrÉĒˈmentl tuː/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ•āϰ
Alt: āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Smoking is detrimental to health.
Syn: harmful toAnt: beneficial to
💡 Exam tip: Detrimental to health āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ phraseāĨ¤
proficient in[/prəˈfÉĒʃənt ÉĒn/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļā§€
Example: He is proficient in English.
Syn: skilled inAnt: incompetent in
💡 Exam tip: āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ proficient in āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ preposition āĻŦāϏāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ noun, pronoun āĻŦāĻž gerund āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
â€ĸ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ noun, verb āĻ“ adjective-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ preposition āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ; āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ collocation āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
â€ĸ Among āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤ⧋āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ between āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â€ĸ Since-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ for-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦāϏ⧇: since 2020, for two yearsāĨ¤
â€ĸ Because of, in spite of āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ instead of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏ⧇; āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ clause-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ because, although āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ instead āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â€ĸ Preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ verb āĻāϞ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ gerund āĻšāϝāĻŧ: without speaking, interested in learning, accustomed to workingāĨ¤
â€ĸ Who did you go with? āĻ•āĻĨā§āϝ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāϤ⧇ preposition āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇; āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ With whom did you go? āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
â€ĸ Apply to the authority for a job, apologize to someone for a mistake āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ communicate with someone—āĻāχ āĻ—āĻ āύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
â€ĸ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ to āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ towards-āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύ: to āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇, towards āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ– āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
â€ĸ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ passage āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ preposition āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ noun, pronoun, adjective āĻŦāĻž verb-āĻāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āϤāĻž āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤

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