Chapter: The Preposition
đ Vocabulary
English Grammar and Composition Classes Nine and Ten
â Most Important Exam Words
prepositionsimple prepositioncomplex prepositionphrasal prepositionappropriate prepositionrelationshipequivalentadmittedaccordancebehalfaudienceaffectionambitionallegianceattentioncompassionconnectiondesireexceptionexposuregratitudereputationabideabstainadhereapologizeapplyavailborrowchargeclingcomplycondolecontributedabbledifferhankerinterfereaccustomedaccurateaffectionateashameddepriveddetrimentaleligiblenegligentobedientpopularproficientsatisfiedsufficient
đ Word Formation Rules
âē A simple preposition consists of one word, such as in, on, at, by, from or with.
âē A complex or phrasal preposition consists of more than one word, such as because of, in spite of or on behalf of.
âē After a preposition, use a noun, pronoun, noun phrase or gerund: She is fond of reading.
âē When a verb follows a preposition, use its -ing form: He succeeded in solving the problem.
âē Use to after a noun or adjective when the collocation requires it: attention to, loyal to and detrimental to.
âē Use from after verbs such as abstain, differ and borrow: abstain from smoking, differ from him and borrow from the library.
âē Use of after adjectives and verbs such as ashamed, deprived and consist: ashamed of, deprived of and consist of.
âē Use for after nouns such as affection, ambition, desire and reputation: affection for him, ambition for fame and desire for success.
1. Simple Prepositions: Place and Direction (8 words)
above[/ÉËbĘv/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāϰā§
Alt: āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāϰ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§
Example: The plane is flying above the clouds.
Syn: overAnt: below
đĄ Exam tip: Above āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāϤāϰ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
across[/ÉËkrÉs/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻĒāĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§
Example: They walked across the bridge.
Syn: overAnt: along
đĄ Exam tip: Across-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ ā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
against[/ÉËÉĄenst/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āϧā§
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āĻ ā§āϏ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§
Example: The boat moved against the current.
Syn: opposingAnt: for
đĄ Exam tip: Against opinion, against the wall āĻāĻŦāĻ against the currentâāĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύāĨ¤
along[/ÉËlÉÅ/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻŦāϰ
Alt: āĻĒāĻĨ āϧāϰā§
Example: We walked along the river.
Syn: besideAnt: across
đĄ Exam tip: Along the road āĻŦāĻž along the river āĻā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĨ¤
among[/ÉËmĘÅ/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§
Alt: āĻĻāϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āώā§āĻ ā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§
Example: She was sitting among her friends.
Syn: amidAnt: outside
đĄ Exam tip: āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠among āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
between[/bÉĒËtwiËn/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻāĻžāύā§
Example: The bank is between the school and the market.
Syn: amidAnt: outside
đĄ Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠between āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
beneath[/bÉĒËniËθ/]prepmedium
Meaning: āύāĻŋāĻā§
Alt: āϤāϞāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϧāϏā§āϤāύā§
Example: The shoes are beneath the bed.
Syn: underAnt: above
đĄ Exam tip: Beneath āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻāĻļ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠under-āĻāϰ āĻāύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āϰā§āĻĒāĨ¤
towards[/tÉËwÉËdz/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻā§
Example: The child ran towards his mother.
Syn: toAnt: away from
đĄ Exam tip: Towards āĻāύā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāϞāĻž āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāύā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāύ⧠āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
2. Simple Prepositions: Time and Relation (8 words)
after[/ËÉËftÉ(r)/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰā§
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§
Example: We went home after dinner.
Syn: followingAnt: before
đĄ Exam tip: After breakfast, after school āĻāĻŦāĻ after AprilâāϤāĻŋāύ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
before[/bÉĒËfÉË(r)/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻā§
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦā§
Example: Wash your hands before meals.
Syn: prior toAnt: after
đĄ Exam tip: Before āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŽâāϏāĻŦ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
during[/ËdjĘÉrÉĒÅ/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻžāϞā§āύ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝā§
Example: He slept during the lecture.
Syn: throughoutAnt: after
đĄ Exam tip: During-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ noun āĻŦāϏā§; clause-āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ while āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
since[/sÉĒns/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻĨā§āĻā§
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĨā§āĻā§
Example: She has lived here since 2020.
Syn: fromAnt: until
đĄ Exam tip: Since-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
until[/ÉnËtÉĒl/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
Example: Wait here until noon.
Syn: tillAnt: since
đĄ Exam tip: Until āĻāĻŦāĻ till āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻ; āĻāύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ āϞā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ until āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
through[/θruË/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§
Alt: āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāύā§āϤ
Example: The train passed through the tunnel.
Syn: viaAnt: around
đĄ Exam tip: Through āĻā§āύ⧠āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
with[/wÉĒð/]prepeasy
Meaning: āϏāĻā§āĻā§
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§
Example: She cut the fruit with a knife.
Syn: alongsideAnt: without
đĄ Exam tip: With āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ-āϏāĻā§āĻ, āĻāĻĒāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖâāϤāĻŋāύ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
without[/wÉĒËðaĘt/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āĻĒāϏā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻ
āĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: We cannot live without water.
Syn: lackingAnt: with
đĄ Exam tip: Without-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āϝā§āĻŽāύ without speakingāĨ¤
3. Complex or Phrasal Prepositions (8 words)
according to[/ÉËkÉËdÉĒÅ tuË/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§
Alt: āĻŽāϤā§
Example: According to the teacher, the test will be easy.
Syn: in accordance withAnt: contrary to
đĄ Exam tip: According to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ, āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϏā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
because of[/bÉĒËkÉz Év/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§
Alt: āĻāύā§āϝ
Example: The match was cancelled because of rain.
Syn: owing toAnt: despite
đĄ Exam tip: Because of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun phrase āĻŦāϏā§; clause-āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ because āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
in spite of[/ÉĒn spaÉĒt Év/]prepmedium
Meaning: āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āϏāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āĻ
Example: In spite of his illness, he attended class.
Syn: despiteAnt: because of
đĄ Exam tip: In spite of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
on behalf of[/Én bÉĒËhÉËf Év/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻā§āώā§
Alt: āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻāϰā§
Example: I accepted the prize on behalf of my team.
Syn: forAnt: against
đĄ Exam tip: On behalf of āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
in addition to[/ÉĒn ÉËdÉĒĘÉn tuË/]prepmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ
Alt: āĻ
āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻā§āϤāĻāĻžāĻŦā§
Example: In addition to English, she studies Arabic.
Syn: besidesAnt: instead of
đĄ Exam tip: In addition to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
instead of[/ÉĒnËsted Év/]prepeasy
Meaning: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§
Alt: āĻŦāĻĻāϞā§
Example: He walked instead of taking a bus.
Syn: in place ofAnt: in addition to
đĄ Exam tip: Instead of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun, pronoun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
by means of[/baÉĒ miËnz Év/]prephard
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽā§
Alt: āĻāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϝāύā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§
Example: He solved the problem by means of a computer.
Syn: throughAnt: without
đĄ Exam tip: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠by means of āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
with a view to[/wÉĒð É vjuË tuË/]prephard
Meaning: āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝā§
Alt: āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§
Example: She went to Dhaka with a view to attending a seminar.
Syn: for the purpose ofAnt: without intention
đĄ Exam tip: With a view to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb-āĻāϰ gerund form āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
4. Noun and Preposition Collocations (8 words)
affection for[/ÉËfekĘÉn fÉË(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āϏā§āύā§āĻš
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻŽāϤāĻž
Example: The child has great affection for his grandmother.
Syn: love forAnt: hatred of
đĄ Exam tip: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āϝā§āĻāϞ: affection for someoneāĨ¤
ambition for[/ÃĻmËbÉĒĘÉn fÉË(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āώāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ
āϰā§āĻāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž
Example: His ambition for fame is strong.
Syn: aspiration forAnt: lack of ambition
đĄ Exam tip: Ambition for fame āĻŦāĻž ambition to succeedâāĻĻā§āĻ āϧāϰāύā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύāĨ¤
attention to[/ÉËtenĘÉn tuË/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŽāύā§āϝā§āĻ
Alt: āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āϝāϤā§āύ
Example: Pay attention to the instructions.
Syn: concentration onAnt: neglect of
đĄ Exam tip: āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝ: pay attention toāĨ¤
comparison between[/kÉmËpÃĻrÉĒsÉn bÉĒËtwiËn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āϤā§āϞāύāĻž
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻ āĻŦā§āϏāĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ
Example: Make a comparison between the two poems.
Syn: contrast betweenAnt: distinction
đĄ Exam tip: āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠comparison between āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
connection with[/kÉËnekĘÉn wÉĒð/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ
Alt: āϝā§āĻāϏā§āϤā§āϰ
Example: He has no connection with that organization.
Syn: relationship withAnt: separation from
đĄ Exam tip: Connection with āĻāĻŦāĻ connection betweenâāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āύāĨ¤
desire for[/dÉĒËzaÉĒÉ(r) fÉË(r)/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āώāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻž
Example: She has a strong desire for success.
Syn: wish forAnt: aversion to
đĄ Exam tip: Desire for-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun āĻŦāϏā§; desire to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠base verb āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
gratitude to[/ËÉĄrÃĻtÉĒtjuËd tuË/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻā§āϤāĻā§āĻāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϧāύā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻĒāύ
Example: He expressed his gratitude to his parents.
Syn: thankfulness toAnt: ingratitude
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻā§ to āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ for āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
reputation for[/ËrepjuËteÉĒĘÉn fÉË(r)/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āϝāĻžāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āϏā§āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻā§āϰā§āύāĻžāĻŽ
Example: The school has a reputation for excellence.
Syn: ååŖ° forAnt: disrepute
đĄ Exam tip: Reputation for honesty, reputation for excellenceâāĻāĻ āĻāĻ āύāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
5. Verb and Preposition Collocations (8 words)
abide by[/ÉËbaÉĒd baÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŽā§āύ⧠āĻāϞāĻž
Alt: āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: We must abide by the rules.
Syn: obeyAnt: disobey
đĄ Exam tip: Abide by-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠rule, law, decision āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
abstain from[/ÉbËsteÉĒn frÉm/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž
Example: He abstains from smoking.
Syn: refrain fromAnt: indulge in
đĄ Exam tip: Abstain from-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
adhere to[/ÉdËhÉĒÉ(r) tuË/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻ
āύā§āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻĸāĻŧāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŽā§āύ⧠āĻāϞāĻž
Example: You should adhere to your promise.
Syn: stick toAnt: violate
đĄ Exam tip: Adhere to a rule, principle āĻŦāĻž promiseâāϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ preposition āĻšāϞ⧠toāĨ¤
apologize to[/ÉËpÉlÉdĘaÉĒz tuË/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āώāĻŽāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: I apologized to my teacher for my mistake.
Syn: say sorry toAnt: blame
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻā§ to āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ for āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
apply to[/ÉËplaÉĒ tuË/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: He applied to the authority for a promotion.
Syn: petitionAnt: withdraw
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻĒāĻā§āώā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ to, āĻāĻĻā§āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ forāĨ¤
borrow from[/ËbÉrÉĘ frÉm/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϧāĻžāϰ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: I borrowed these books from the library.
Syn: take on loanAnt: lend to
đĄ Exam tip: Borrow from āĻāĻŦāĻ lend to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϏā§āĨ¤
comply with[/kÉmËplaÉĒ wÉĒð/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻŽā§āύ⧠āĻāϞāĻž
Alt: āĻ
āύā§āϰā§āϧ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: He complied with my request.
Syn: conform toAnt: resist
đĄ Exam tip: Comply-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž with āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
interfere with[/ËÉĒntÉËfÉĒÉ(r) wÉĒð/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻšāϏā§āϤāĻā§āώā§āĻĒ āĻāϰāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āϏā§āώā§āĻāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻž
Example: Do not interfere with my work.
Syn: meddle withAnt: assist
đĄ Exam tip: Interfere with someone āĻŦāĻž something āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ āύāĨ¤
6. Adjective and Preposition Collocations (8 words)
accustomed to[/ÉËkĘstÉmd tuË/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻā§āϝāϏā§āϤ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ
āĻā§āϝāϏā§āϤ
Example: He is accustomed to waking up early.
Syn: used toAnt: unaccustomed to
đĄ Exam tip: Accustomed to-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏā§, infinitive āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
accurate in[/ËÃĻkjÉrÉt ÉĒn/]adjhard
Meaning: āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻā§āϞ
Alt: āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻĨā§āϝā§āϰ āĻā§āώā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ
Example: She is accurate in her calculations.
Syn: correct inAnt: inaccurate in
đĄ Exam tip: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ āύ: accurate in calculations āĻŦāĻž accurate in detailāĨ¤
affectionate to[/ÉËfekĘÉnÉt tuË/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏā§āύā§āĻšāĻļā§āϞ
Alt: āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖāĻāĻžāϰā§
Example: The mother is affectionate to her children.
Syn: loving towardsAnt: 县ˇĄ
đĄ Exam tip: Affectionate to āĻŦāĻž affectionate towardsâāĻĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝā§āĻā§āϝāĨ¤
angry with[/ËÃĻÅÉĄri wÉĒð/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāĻĒāϰ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāύā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻā§āϰā§āĻĻā§āϧ
Example: She was angry with him.
Syn: mad withAnt: pleased with
đĄ Exam tip: āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ angry with āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻžāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§ angry at āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤
ashamed of[/ÉËĘeÉĒmd Év/]adjeasy
Meaning: āϞāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻĻā§āώ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āϞā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰāϤ
Example: You should be ashamed of your conduct.
Syn: embarrassed aboutAnt: proud of
đĄ Exam tip: āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ āύ: ashamed of somethingāĨ¤
deprived of[/dÉĒËpraÉĒvd Év/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤ
Example: The child was deprived of education.
Syn: deniedAnt: provided with
đĄ Exam tip: Deprived of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϝ⧠āĻŦāϏā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϰāĻžāύ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϤāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āĨ¤
detrimental to[/ËdetrÉĒËmentl tuË/]adjhard
Meaning: āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻāϰ
Alt: āĻā§āώāϤāĻŋ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Smoking is detrimental to health.
Syn: harmful toAnt: beneficial to
đĄ Exam tip: Detrimental to health āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϰ phraseāĨ¤
proficient in[/prÉËfÉĒĘÉnt ÉĒn/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻĻāĻā§āώ
Alt: āĻā§āύ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļā§
Example: He is proficient in English.
Syn: skilled inAnt: incompetent in
đĄ Exam tip: āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻā§āώāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ proficient in āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ āĻļā§āύā§āϝāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧠preposition āĻŦāϏāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻā§ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ noun, pronoun āĻŦāĻž gerund āϞāĻā§āώā§āϝ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
âĸ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ noun, verb āĻ adjective-āĻāϰ āϏāĻā§āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ preposition āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ; āĻāĻā§āϞ⧠collocation āĻšāĻŋāϏā§āĻŦā§ āĻŽā§āĻāϏā§āĻĨ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
âĸ Among āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻŦāĻž āϤāϤā§āϧāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ between āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
âĸ Since-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻāĻŋāώā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ for-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦāϏā§: since 2020, for two yearsāĨ¤
âĸ Because of, in spite of āĻāĻŦāĻ instead of-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠noun āĻŦāĻž gerund āĻŦāϏā§; āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ clause-āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ because, although āĻāĻŦāĻ instead āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
âĸ Preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠verb āĻāϞ⧠āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ gerund āĻšāϝāĻŧ: without speaking, interested in learning, accustomed to workingāĨ¤
âĸ Who did you go with? āĻāĻĨā§āϝ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ⧠preposition āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻĨāĻžāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§; āĻāύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ With whom did you go? āϞā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
âĸ Apply to the authority for a job, apologize to someone for a mistake āĻāĻŦāĻ communicate with someoneâāĻāĻ āĻāĻ āύāĻā§āϞ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ
āύā§āĻļā§āϞāύ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤
âĸ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϤ⧠to āĻāĻŦāĻ towards-āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĻĨāĻā§āϝ āĻŽāύ⧠āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ: to āĻāύā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§, towards āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
âĸ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ passage āĻĨā§āĻā§ preposition āĻļāύāĻžāĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ preposition-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻŋ noun, pronoun, adjective āĻŦāĻž verb-āĻāϰ āĻā§āύ āϰā§āĻĒ āϤāĻž āĻāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤