Textual Dictionary
CHAPTER 6
Food for Good Health
Food for Good Health
Elementary Science Class Five (English Version)
Every word below is taken from this chapter, and the meanings are given in clear English.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (BAL-uhnst) | Containing the proper amounts of different food groups. | proper (correct); healthy (good for health) | unbalanced (not properly arranged) | Eating a balanced diet is important. In other words: A balanced diet supports good health. |
| essential (eh-SEN-shuhl) | Necessary or very important. | important (necessary); proper (suitable) | — | A balanced diet provides essential nutrients. In other words: The nutrients are necessary for the body. |
| nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition (nourishment); food (something eaten) | — | Our body needs proper nutrition to remain healthy. In other words: The body needs useful nutrients. |
| malnutrition (mal-noo-TRISH-uhn) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition (insufficient nourishment); deficiency (lack) | proper nutrition (suitable nourishment) | Children suffering from malnutrition may have growth and developmental problems. In other words: Poor nutrition may affect children’s growth. |
| overweight (OH-ver-wayt) | Having more body weight than is healthy. | — | — | Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. In other words: Too much food may lead to excess body weight. |
| safe (sayf) | Free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microbes. | healthy (not harmful); harmless (not dangerous) | unsafe (not safe); harmful (causing harm) | Nutritious foods also have to be safe. In other words: Healthy food must also be free from harmful substances. |
| harmful (HARM-fuhl) | Causing damage or illness. | unsafe (not safe); poisonous (containing poison) | safe (free from harm); healthy (good for health) | Food containing chemicals can cause many diseases. In other words: Harmful chemicals may make people ill. |
| infectious (in-FEK-shuhs) | Caused by disease-producing microbes. | harmful (causing harm); poisonous (causing illness) | safe (free from harmful microbes) | Infectious diseases occur because of taking unsafe foods. In other words: Unsafe food may cause disease. |
| preserve (pri-ZURV) | To keep food usable for a longer time. | preservation (keeping safe); store (keep for later) | spoil (become bad); wastage (loss) | We need to preserve food in different ways. In other words: Food can be kept beyond its season. |
| spoilage (SPOY-lij) | The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | wastage (loss); contamination (becoming unclean) | preservation (keeping food safe) | Food preservation can stop wastage and slow down spoilage of food. In other words: Preservation helps food stay usable. |
| seasonal (SEE-zuh-nuhl) | Available during a particular season. | — | — | Food preservation makes seasonal food available throughout the year. In other words: Preserved food can be used after its season. |
| artificial (ar-tuh-FISH-uhl) | Made or added by people rather than naturally present. | — | — | Artificial colours are added to foods to make them more appealing. In other words: Some colours are added to improve appearance. |
| deficiencies (di-FISH-uhn-seez) | Lacks of necessary nutrients or substances. | malnutrition (poor nutrition); lack (absence) | nutrition (nourishment); balance (proper amount) | Eating much junk food may cause nutritional deficiencies. In other words: Junk food may prevent the body from getting proper nutrients. |
Dictionary entries: 12
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter before studying the word list.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Read each example sentence carefully to understand the word in context.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing practice.
- Review the synonyms and antonyms to build stronger vocabulary.
- Use the key points to check whether you remember the main ideas of the chapter.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (BAL-uhnst) | Containing the proper amounts of different food groups. | proper; healthy | unbalanced | A balanced diet supports good health. |
| essential (eh-SEN-shuhl) | Necessary or very important. | important; necessary | — | Essential nutrients help the body stay healthy. |
| nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition; nourishment | — | Our body needs nutrients from food. |
| malnutrition (mal-noo-TRISH-uhn) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition; deficiency | proper nutrition | Malnutrition may affect children’s growth. |
| overweight (OH-ver-wayt) | Having more body weight than is healthy. | — | — | Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. |
| safe (sayf) | Free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microbes. | healthy; harmless | unsafe; harmful | Nutritious foods also have to be safe. |
| harmful (HARM-fuhl) | Causing damage or illness. | unsafe; poisonous | safe; healthy | Harmful chemicals may make people ill. |
| infectious (in-FEK-shuhs) | Caused by disease-producing microbes. | harmful; disease-producing | safe | Infectious diseases may occur after taking unsafe food. |
| preserve (pri-ZURV) | To keep food usable for a longer time. | store; protect | spoil; waste | We need to preserve food in different ways. |
| spoilage (SPOY-lij) | The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | wastage; contamination | preservation | Food preservation can slow down spoilage. |
| seasonal (SEE-zuh-nuhl) | Available during a particular season. | — | — | Food preservation makes seasonal food available throughout the year. |
| artificial (ar-tuh-FISH-uhl) | Made or added by people rather than naturally present. | man-made; added | natural | Artificial colours are added to some foods. |
Dictionary entries: 12
◆Key Points
- A balanced diet contains proper amounts of foods from different food groups.
- The body needs essential nutrients to remain healthy.
- The amount of food needed varies according to a person’s age and work.
- People who do laborious work may need more food.
- Malnutrition can cause growth and developmental problems in children.
- Eating too much food may cause overweight issues.
- Safe food is free from poisonous chemicals and harmful microbes.
- Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases.
- Food preservation helps prevent wastage and slows down spoilage.
- Drying, refrigeration, cold storage, salt, ice, sugar, vinegar, oil, and airtight containers are described as ways to preserve food.
- Preservation can make seasonal food available throughout the year.
- Artificial colours and harmful chemicals in food may cause health problems.
- Junk food may contain excessive sugar, salt, and fat and is not a balanced diet.
- Eating much junk food may cause nutritional deficiencies, overweight, or obesity.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (BAL-uhnst) | Containing proper amounts of different food groups. | proper (correct); healthy (good for health) | unbalanced (not properly arranged) | Eating a balanced diet is important. A balanced diet helps the body stay healthy. |
| essential (eh-SEN-shuhl) | Necessary or very important. | important (necessary); necessary (needed) | unnecessary (not needed) | A balanced diet provides essential nutrients. Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy. |
| nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition (nourishment); nourishment (food for health) | — | Our body needs nutrients from food. These useful substances support good health. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-uhn) | The supply of food and useful substances needed by the body. | nourishment (food for health); feeding (giving food) | malnutrition (poor nutrition) | Our body needs proper nutrition to remain healthy. Proper nutrition helps the body work well. |
| varies (VAIR-eez) | Changes according to different conditions. | changes (becomes different); differs (is not the same) | remains (stays the same) | The demand for food varies according to age and work. The amount needed is not the same for everyone. |
| according (uh-KOR-ding) | In relation to a particular condition or standard. | depending (being decided by); following (in agreement with) | regardless (without considering) | We should eat the right amounts according to age and work. Food needs depend on these conditions. |
| laborious (luh-BOH-ree-uhs) | Requiring hard physical work. | hard (requiring effort); strenuous (requiring great effort) | easy (not difficult); light (not demanding) | People who do laborious work may need more food. Hard work can increase the need for food. |
| malnutrition (mal-noo-TRISH-uhn) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition (insufficient nourishment); deficiency (lack) | proper nutrition (suitable nourishment); good health (healthy condition) | Children suffering from malnutrition may have growth and developmental problems. Poor nutrition can affect growth. |
| overweight (OH-ver-wayt) | Having more body weight than is healthy. | obese (very overweight); excessive weight (too much body weight) | healthy weight (proper body weight) | Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. Too much food may increase body weight. |
| safe (sayf) | Free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microbes. | healthy (not harmful); harmless (not dangerous) | unsafe (not safe); harmful (causing harm) | Nutritious foods also have to be safe. Safe food does not contain harmful substances. |
| poisonous (POY-zuh-nuhs) | Containing poison and capable of causing harm. | toxic (poisonous); harmful (causing harm) | harmless (not dangerous); safe (free from harm) | Safe food is free from poisonous chemicals. Poisonous substances can make people ill. |
| harmful (HARM-fuhl) | Causing damage or illness. | unsafe (not safe); poisonous (containing poison); dangerous (likely to cause harm) | safe (free from harm); healthy (good for health) | Foods containing chemicals can cause many diseases. Harmful chemicals may make people ill. |
| infectious (in-FEK-shuhs) | Caused by disease-producing microbes. | disease-producing (causing disease); contagious (able to spread disease) | safe (free from harmful microbes); non-infectious (not causing infection) | Infectious diseases may occur after taking unsafe food. Unsafe food may cause disease. |
| preserve (pri-ZURV) | To keep food usable for a longer time. | store (keep for later); protect (keep safe); conserve (save) | spoil (become bad); waste (use carelessly) | We need to preserve food in different ways. Preserved food can be used beyond its season. |
| spoilage (SPOY-lij) | The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | wastage (loss); contamination (becoming unclean); deterioration (becoming worse) | preservation (keeping food safe); freshness (good condition) | Food preservation can stop wastage and slow down spoilage of food. Preservation helps food stay usable. |
◆ Key Points
- A balanced diet contains proper amounts of foods from different food groups.
- The body needs essential nutrients to remain healthy.
- The amount of food needed varies according to a person's age and work.
- People who do laborious work may need more food.
- Malnutrition may cause growth and developmental problems in children.
- Eating too much food may cause overweight issues.
- Safe food is free from poisonous chemicals and harmful microbes.
- Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases.
- Food preservation helps prevent wastage and slows down spoilage.
- Drying, refrigeration, cold storage, salt, ice, sugar, vinegar, oil, and airtight containers are ways to preserve food.
- Preservation can make seasonal food available throughout the year.
- Artificial colours and harmful chemicals in food may cause health problems.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| according (uh-KOR-ding) | In relation to a particular condition or standard. | depending (relying on); in relation to (connected with) | independently (without relation); regardless (without considering) | We should eat food according to our age and work. Our food choice should depend on age and work. |
| laborious (luh-BOH-ree-us) | Requiring a lot of physical effort. | hard (difficult); strenuous (requiring effort) | easy (not difficult); light (not heavy) | People who do laborious work need more food. People doing hard work may need extra food. |
| prone (prohn) | Likely to suffer from something. | likely (probable); susceptible (easily affected) | protected (kept safe); resistant (not easily affected) | Without proper nutrition, the body becomes more prone to disease. Poor nutrition makes illness more likely. |
| fatigue (fuh-TEEG) | Extreme tiredness or lack of energy. | tiredness (lack of energy); exhaustion (great tiredness) | energy (strength); freshness (lack of tiredness) | Poor nutrition may cause fatigue. Insufficient nutrition can make the body very tired. |
| performance (per-FOR-muhns) | The way in which a person or body carries out an activity. | achievement (successful result); functioning (working ability) | failure (lack of success); weakness (lack of strength) | Poor nutrition can affect performance. Bad nutrition may reduce the ability to work well. |
| amount (uh-MOUNT) | The quantity of something. | quantity (number or measure); volume (quantity) | — | We should choose the right amount of food. We should select a suitable quantity of food. |
| classify (KLAS-uh-fy) | To arrange things into groups. | group (put together); sort (arrange) | mix (combine); confuse (make unclear) | Classify the foods into healthy and unhealthy groups. Sort the foods into two groups. |
| preservation (prez-er-VAY-shuhn) | The process of keeping food safe and usable for a longer time. | protection (keeping safe); storage (keeping for later) | spoilage (becoming bad); wastage (loss) | Food preservation can stop wastage and slow down spoilage. Preserving food helps reduce loss. |
| refrigerator (ri-FRIJ-uh-ray-ter) | A machine used to keep food cold and fresh. | fridge (cold-storage machine); cooler (cooling container) | — | Fish, meat, vegetables, and fruits remain fresh in the refrigerator. Cold storage in a refrigerator helps food stay fresh. |
| contaminated (kuhn-TAM-uh-nay-tid) | Made unclean by harmful microorganisms or substances. | polluted (made impure); infected (affected by harmful organisms) | clean (free from dirt); pure (not contaminated) | Fish, meat, vegetables, and dairy products may be contaminated with microorganisms. These foods may become unclean because of microorganisms. |
| microorganisms (my-kroh-OR-guh-niz-uhmz) | Very small living organisms that can cause food spoilage. | microbes (tiny organisms); germs (disease-causing organisms) | — | Food preservation helps prevent the growth of microorganisms. Preservation can stop these tiny organisms from growing. |
| processed (PROS-est) | Changed or prepared by a particular method. | prepared (made ready); treated (changed by a process) | raw (uncooked or untreated); unprocessed (not changed) | Processed fruits can be preserved as jams, jellies, and pickles. Prepared fruits can be kept in these forms. |
| airtight (AIR-tayt) | Completely closed so that air cannot enter. | sealed (tightly closed); airless (without air) | open (not closed); leaky (allowing air through) | Jams and pickles can be kept in airtight containers. Tightly closed containers help preserve these foods. |
| wastage (WAY-stij) | The unnecessary loss of something. | loss (something wasted); waste (careless use) | saving (avoiding loss); preservation (keeping safe) | Food preservation can stop wastage. Preserving food can prevent unnecessary loss. |
| appealing (uh-PEE-ling) | Attractive or pleasant to look at. | attractive (pleasant to see); desirable (wanted) | unattractive (not pleasing); undesirable (not wanted) | Artificial colours are added to foods to make them more appealing. Added colours can make food look more attractive. |
Dictionary entries: 15
◆ Key Points
- A balanced diet contains the proper amounts of foods from different food groups.
- The amount of food needed varies according to a person's age and work.
- People who do laborious work may need more food.
- Without proper nutrition, the body becomes more prone to disease, fatigue, and poor performance.
- Food free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microorganisms is called safe food.
- Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases.
- Drying, refrigeration, cold storage, salt, ice, sugar, vinegar, oil, and airtight containers are ways to preserve food.
- Food preservation helps prevent wastage and slows down food spoilage.
- Preservation can make seasonal food available throughout the year.
- Artificial colours are added to some foods to make them more appealing.
- Junk food may contain excessive sugar, salt, and fat.
- Eating much junk food may cause nutritional deficiencies, overweight, or obesity.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (/ˈbælənst/) | Containing the proper amounts of foods from different food groups. | proper; healthy | unbalanced | A balanced diet gives the body the nutrients it needs. Context: Balanced Diet |
| nutrients (/ˈnuːtriənts/) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition; nourishment | — | Essential nutrients help the body stay healthy. Context: Importance of Balanced Diet |
| nutrition (/nuːˈtrɪʃən/) | The food and useful substances needed by the body. | nourishment; feeding | malnutrition | Proper nutrition helps the body work well. Context: Importance of Balanced Diet |
| malnutrition (/ˌmælnuːˈtrɪʃən/) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition; deficiency | proper nutrition | Malnutrition may cause growth and developmental problems in children. Context: Importance of Balanced Diet |
| overweight (/ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/) | Having more body weight than is healthy. | obesity; excess weight | — | Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. Context: Importance of Balanced Diet |
| safe food (/seɪf fuːd/) | Food free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microbes. | healthy food; harmless food | unsafe food | Nutritious foods also have to be safe. Context: Importance of Safe Food |
| infectious diseases (/ɪnˈfekʃəs dɪˈziːzɪz/) | Diseases caused by disease-producing microbes. | harmful diseases; microbe-caused diseases | — | Unsafe foods may cause infectious diseases. Context: Importance of Safe Food |
| food preservation (/fuːd ˌprezəˈveɪʃən/) | Keeping food usable and safe for a longer time. | food storage; preservation | spoilage; wastage | Food preservation helps prevent wastage and slow down spoilage. Context: Food Preservation |
| microorganisms (/ˌmaɪkrəʊˈɔːɡənɪzəmz/) | Very small living organisms that can cause food spoilage. | microbes; germs | — | Preservation helps prevent the growth of microorganisms. Context: Importance of Food Preservation |
| seasonal (/ˈsiːzənəl/) | Available during a particular season. | season-based; timely | year-round | Preservation makes seasonal food available throughout the year. Context: Importance of Food Preservation |
| artificial colours (/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl ˈkʌləz/) | Colours added to food by people rather than naturally present. | added colours; man-made colours | natural colours | Artificial colours are added to foods to make them more appealing. Context: Food Containing Artificial Colours and Chemicals |
| junk food (/dʒʌŋk fuːd/) | Food containing excessive amounts of sugar, salt, or fat and not forming a balanced diet. | unhealthy food; fast food | balanced food | Junk food is delicious, but it is not a balanced diet. Context: Junk Food |
Dictionary entries: 12
◆ Key Points
- A balanced diet contains proper amounts of foods from different food groups.
- The body needs essential nutrients to remain healthy.
- The demand for food and nutrition varies according to age and work.
- People who do laborious work may need more food.
- Without proper nutrition, the body becomes more prone to disease, fatigue, and poor performance.
- Malnutrition may cause growth and developmental problems in children.
- Eating too much food may cause overweight issues.
- Safe food is free from poisonous chemicals and harmful microbes.
- Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases.
- Food preservation helps prevent wastage and slows down food spoilage.
- Drying, refrigeration, cold storage, salt, ice, sugar, vinegar, oil, and airtight containers are ways to preserve food.
- Junk food may contain excessive sugar, salt, and fat and may cause nutritional deficiencies, overweight, or obesity.
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully. The bold words are important words from the chapter and are used in connected sentences about healthy food.
A balanced diet gives the body essential nutrients. Without proper nutrition, a child may suffer from malnutrition. We should preserve food to prevent spoilage and make seasonal food available throughout the year. We should also avoid foods with artificial colours and harmful chemicals.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (BAL-uhnst) | Containing the proper amounts of different food groups. | proper; healthy | unbalanced | A balanced diet helps the body stay healthy. |
| essential (eh-SEN-shuhl) | Necessary or very important. | important; necessary | unnecessary | Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy. |
| nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition; nourishment | — | Our body needs nutrients from food. |
| malnutrition (mal-noo-TRISH-uhn) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition; deficiency | proper nutrition | Malnutrition may cause growth and developmental problems in children. |
| preserve (pri-ZURV) | To keep food usable for a longer time. | store; protect | spoil; waste | We need to preserve food in different ways. |
| spoilage (SPOY-lij) | The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | wastage; contamination | preservation | Food preservation can slow down spoilage. |
| seasonal (SEE-zuh-nuhl) | Available during a particular season. | season-based; timely | year-round | Preservation makes seasonal food available throughout the year. |
| artificial (ar-tuh-FISH-uhl) | Made or added by people rather than naturally present. | man-made; added | natural | Artificial colours are added to some foods. |
| harmful (HARM-fuhl) | Causing damage or illness. | unsafe; poisonous | safe; healthy | Harmful chemicals may make people ill. |
Dictionary entries: 9
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in Column A with its correct meaning in Column B.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. balanced (BAL-uhnst) | A. Causing damage or illness. | proper (correct); healthy (good for health) | unbalanced (not properly arranged) | A balanced diet helps the body stay healthy. |
| 2. essential (eh-SEN-shuhl) | B. The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | important (necessary); necessary (needed) | unnecessary (not needed) | Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy. |
| 3. nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | C. Free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microbes. | nutrition (nourishment); nourishment (food for health) | — | Our body needs nutrients from food. |
| 4. malnutrition (mal-noo-TRISH-uhn) | D. Necessary or very important. | poor nutrition (insufficient nourishment); deficiency (lack) | proper nutrition (suitable nourishment) | Malnutrition may cause growth and developmental problems in children. |
| 5. overweight (OH-ver-wayt) | E. To keep food usable for a longer time. | — | — | Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. |
| 6. safe (sayf) | F. Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | healthy (not harmful); harmless (not dangerous) | unsafe (not safe); harmful (causing harm) | Nutritious foods also have to be safe. |
| 7. harmful (HARM-fuhl) | G. Useful substances in food that the body needs. | unsafe (not safe); poisonous (containing poison) | safe (free from harm); healthy (good for health) | Harmful chemicals may make people ill. |
| 8. infectious (in-FEK-shuhs) | H. Having more body weight than is healthy. | harmful (causing harm); disease-producing (causing disease) | safe (free from harmful microbes) | Infectious diseases may occur after taking unsafe food. |
| 9. preserve (pri-ZURV) | I. Caused by disease-producing microbes. | store (keep for later); protect (keep safe) | spoil (become bad); waste (use carelessly) | We need to preserve food in different ways. |
| 10. spoilage (SPOY-lij) | J. Containing the proper amounts of different food groups. | wastage (loss); contamination (becoming unclean) | preservation (keeping food safe); freshness (remaining fresh) | Food preservation can slow down spoilage. |
Answer Key: 1-J, 2-D, 3-G, 4-F, 5-H, 6-C, 7-A, 8-I, 9-E, 10-B.
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Instructions: Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word only once.
Word Bank: artificial · balanced · deficiencies · laborious · microorganisms · obesity · preservation · refrigerator · seasonal · airtight
1. Food kept in a(n) __________ container can remain usable for many days.
2. A healthy diet should be __________ and contain proper amounts of different food groups.
3. People who do __________ work may need more food.
4. Food __________ helps to stop wastage and slow down spoilage.
5. Fish and meat can be kept fresh for several days in a __________.
6. Food may spoil because of the growth of __________.
7. Preservation makes __________ food available throughout the year.
8. Too much junk food may cause __________.
9. __________ colours are added to some foods to make them more appealing.
10. Eating much junk food may cause nutritional __________.
Answer Key: 1. airtight; 2. balanced; 3. laborious; 4. preservation; 5. refrigerator; 6. microorganisms; 7. seasonal; 8. obesity; 9. artificial; 10. deficiencies.
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Read each word and choose the correct synonym or antonym as directed.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (ব্যালান্সড) | Containing proper amounts of different food groups. | proper; healthy | unbalanced | A balanced diet gives the body essential nutrients. A balanced diet gives the body essential nutrients. |
| essential (ইসেনশিয়াল) | Necessary or very important. | important; necessary | unnecessary | Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy. Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy. |
| nutrients (নিউট্রিয়েন্টস) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition; food | — | Our body needs nutrients from food. Our body needs nutrients from food. |
| malnutrition (ম্যালনিউট্রিশন) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition; deficiency | proper nutrition | Malnutrition may affect a child's growth and development. Malnutrition may affect a child's growth and development. |
| overweight (ওভারওয়েট) | Having more body weight than is healthy. | obesity; excess weight | — | Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. |
| safe (সেইফ) | Free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microbes. | healthy; nutritious | unsafe; harmful | Food must be safe before it is eaten. Food must be safe before it is eaten. |
| harmful (হার্মফুল) | Causing damage or illness. | unsafe; poisonous | safe; healthy | Harmful chemicals can cause many diseases. Harmful chemicals can cause many diseases. |
| infectious (ইনফেকশাস) | Caused by disease-producing microbes. | harmful; disease-producing | safe | Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases. Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases. |
| preserve (প্রিজার্ভ) | To keep food usable for a longer time. | keep; protect | spoil; waste | We preserve fruits in airtight containers. We preserve fruits in airtight containers. |
| spoilage (স্পয়লিজ) | The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | wastage; contamination | preservation | Food preservation slows down the spoilage of food. Food preservation slows down the spoilage of food. |
Questions
- Write a synonym of balanced.
- Write an antonym of essential.
- Write a synonym of malnutrition.
- Write an antonym of safe.
- Write a synonym of harmful.
- Write an antonym of infectious.
- Write a synonym of preserve.
- Write an antonym of spoilage.
- Write a synonym of overweight.
- Write a synonym of nutrients.
Answer Key: 1. proper; 2. unnecessary; 3. poor nutrition; 4. unsafe; 5. poisonous; 6. safe; 7. keep; 8. preservation; 9. obesity; 10. nutrition.
Ex. 1. Choose the synonym of balanced: proper or unbalanced.
Sol: balanced = proper
Ans. proper
Ans. proper
Ex. 2. Choose the antonym of essential: necessary or unnecessary.
Sol: essential = necessary
Antonym of necessary = unnecessary
Ans. unnecessary
Antonym of necessary = unnecessary
Ans. unnecessary
Ex. 3. Choose the synonym of malnutrition: poor nutrition or proper nutrition.
Sol: malnutrition = poor nutrition
Ans. poor nutrition
Ans. poor nutrition
Ex. 4. Choose the antonym of safe: harmful or nutritious.
Sol: safe = free from harm
Opposite of safe = harmful
Ans. harmful
Opposite of safe = harmful
Ans. harmful
Ex. 5. Choose the synonym of preserve: keep or spoil.
Sol: preserve = keep
Ans. keep
Ans. keep
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Instruction: Write one meaningful sentence with each word. Use the model sentences in the answer key for guidance.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (BAL-uhnst) | Containing proper amounts of different food groups. | proper; healthy | unbalanced | A balanced diet contains suitable amounts of different foods. |
| essential (eh-SEN-shuhl) | Necessary or very important for the body. | important; necessary | not necessary | Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy. |
| nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition; food | — | Food supplies nutrients needed by the body. |
| malnutrition (mal-noo-TRISH-uhn) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition; deficiency | proper nutrition | Malnutrition may affect a child's growth and development. |
| preserve (pri-ZURV) | To keep food usable for a longer time. | keep; protect | spoil; waste | We preserve fruits in airtight containers. |
| spoilage (SPOY-lij) | The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | wastage; contamination | preservation | Food preservation slows down the spoilage of food. |
| seasonal (SEE-zuh-nuhl) | Available during a particular season. | — | — | Preservation makes seasonal food available throughout the year. |
| artificial (ar-tuh-FISH-uhl) | Made or added by people rather than naturally present. | added; man-made | — | Artificial colours are added to some foods. |
Answer Key: Model Sentences
- Balanced: A balanced diet contains suitable amounts of different foods.
- Essential: Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy.
- Nutrients: Food supplies nutrients needed by the body.
- Malnutrition: Malnutrition may affect a child's growth and development.
- Preserve: We preserve fruits in airtight containers.
- Spoilage: Food preservation slows down the spoilage of food.
- Seasonal: Preservation makes seasonal food available throughout the year.
- Artificial: Artificial colours are added to some foods.
Worked Example Series
Ex. Make a sentence with balanced.
Sol:balanced → A balanced diet contains suitable amounts of different foods. Ans. A balanced diet contains suitable amounts of different foods.
Ex. Make a sentence with essential.
Sol:essential → Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy. Ans. Essential nutrients help the body remain healthy.
Ex. Make a sentence with malnutrition.
Sol:malnutrition → Malnutrition may affect a child's growth and development. Ans. Malnutrition may affect a child's growth and development.
Ex. Make a sentence with preserve.
Sol:preserve → We preserve fruits in airtight containers. Ans. We preserve fruits in airtight containers.
Ex. Make a sentence with artificial.
Sol:artificial → Artificial colours are added to some foods. Ans. Artificial colours are added to some foods.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Practice Questions
Word Meanings
1. What does balanced mean in the chapter?
A. Containing proper amounts of different food groups
B. Containing only sugar
C. Made with harmful chemicals
D. Available in one season
Sol: [A] A balanced diet contains proper amounts of foods from different food groups.
2. What are nutrients?
A. Useful substances in food needed by the body
B. Poisonous chemicals in food
C. Containers used for food
D. Diseases caused by unsafe food
Sol: [A] Nutrients are useful substances in food that the body needs.
3. What does malnutrition describe?
A. Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition
B. Food kept in a refrigerator
C. Food available throughout the year
D. Food containing artificial colours
Sol: [A] The chapter connects malnutrition with poor nutrition and growth problems.
Food Preservation Vocabulary
4. Which word means “to keep food usable for a longer time”?
A. preserve
B. spoilage
C. infect
D. vary
Sol: [A] To preserve food is to keep it usable for a longer time.
5. What is spoilage?
A. The process of food becoming bad or unusable
B. The proper amount of food
C. The supply of nutrients
D. The colour added to food
Sol: [A] Spoilage is the process by which food becomes bad or unusable.
6. Which sentence uses seasonal correctly?
A. Preserved food can make seasonal food available throughout the year.
B. Seasonal means free from harmful microbes.
C. Seasonal food always contains artificial colours.
D. Seasonal food causes every disease.
Sol: [A] Seasonal food is available during a particular season and may be preserved for later use.
Safety and Food Use
7. Which word means “causing damage or illness”?
A. harmful
B. safe
C. essential
D. seasonal
Sol: [A] Harmful things can cause damage or illness.
8. Which food is described as safe in the chapter?
A. Food free from poisonous chemicals and harmful microbes
B. Food with excessive sugar, salt, and fat
C. Food containing harmful chemicals
D. Food that has become spoiled
Sol: [A] Safe food is free from poisonous chemicals and harmful microbes.
9. What does artificial mean in “artificial colours”?
A. Made or added by people rather than naturally present
B. Found naturally in every fruit
C. Free from all chemicals
D. Kept in cold storage
Sol: [A] Artificial colours are added by people to make foods more appealing.
10. Which sentence uses infectious correctly?
A. Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases.
B. Infectious means suitable for every food group.
C. Infectious food is always preserved with sugar.
D. Infectious food contains proper amounts of nutrients.
Sol: [A] Infectious diseases are connected with disease-producing microbes and unsafe food.
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| balanced (BAL-uhnst) | Containing proper amounts of different food groups. | proper; healthy | unbalanced | A balanced diet gives the body the food it needs. |
| essential (eh-SEN-shuhl) | Necessary or very important. | important; necessary; vital | unnecessary; optional | Essential nutrients help the body stay healthy. |
| nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | Useful substances in food that the body needs. | nutrition; nourishment | — | Food supplies nutrients for the body. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-uhn) | The supply of food and useful substances needed by the body. | nourishment; feeding | malnutrition; starvation | Proper nutrition helps the body work well. |
| varies (VAIR-eez) | Changes according to different conditions. | changes; differs; fluctuates | remains; stays | The amount of food needed varies according to age and work. |
| malnutrition (mal-noo-TRISH-uhn) | Poor health caused by not getting proper nutrition. | poor nutrition; deficiency | proper nutrition; nourishment | Malnutrition may cause growth and developmental problems. |
| overweight (OH-ver-wayt) | Having more body weight than is healthy. | obese; heavy | underweight; slim | Eating too much food may cause overweight issues. |
| safe (sayf) | Free from poisonous chemicals or harmful microbes. | healthy; harmless; secure | unsafe; harmful | Nutritious food must also be safe. |
| infectious (in-FEK-shuhs) | Caused by disease-producing microbes. | harmful; disease-producing | safe; harmless | Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases. |
| preserve (pri-ZURV) | To keep food usable for a longer time. | store; protect; conserve | spoil; waste | We preserve fruits in airtight containers. |
| spoilage (SPOY-lij) | The process of food becoming bad or unusable. | wastage; decay; contamination | preservation; freshness | Food preservation slows down spoilage. |
| seasonal (SEE-zuh-nuhl) | Available during a particular season. | periodic; timely | perennial; year-round | Preservation makes seasonal food available throughout the year. |
| artificial (ar-tuh-FISH-uhl) | Made or added by people rather than naturally present. | man-made; synthetic; added | natural; genuine | Artificial colours make some foods more appealing. |
| harmful (HARM-fuhl) | Causing damage or illness. | unsafe; poisonous; dangerous | safe; harmless; healthy | Harmful chemicals in food can cause diseases. |
| junk food (JUNK food) | Food containing excessive sugar, salt, or fat and not forming a balanced diet. | fast food; unhealthy food | healthy food; balanced food | Junk food is delicious but is not a balanced diet. |
| deficiencies (di-FISH-uhn-seez) | Lacks of necessary nutrients or substances. | shortages; lacks; insufficiencies | abundance; sufficiency | Much junk food may cause nutritional deficiencies. |
Dictionary entries: 16
◆ Key Points
- A balanced diet contains proper amounts of foods from different food groups.
- The body needs essential nutrients to remain healthy.
- The amount of food needed varies according to a person's age and work.
- People who do laborious work may need more food.
- Malnutrition can cause growth and developmental problems in children.
- Eating too much food may cause overweight issues.
- Safe food is free from poisonous chemicals and harmful microbes.
- Unsafe food may cause infectious diseases.
- Food preservation helps prevent wastage and slows down spoilage.
- Drying, refrigeration, cold storage, salt, ice, sugar, vinegar, oil, and airtight containers are ways to preserve food.
- Preservation can make seasonal food available throughout the year.
- Junk food may contain excessive sugar, salt, and fat and may cause nutritional deficiencies, overweight, or obesity.
12. Practice Bank
Vocabulary Practice
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fatigue (/fəˈtiːɡ/) | A feeling of great tiredness. | tiredness; weariness | energy; freshness | Poor nutrition may cause fatigue. |
| performance (/pərˈfɔːrməns/) | The way someone carries out an activity. | achievement; work | failure; inactivity | Poor nutrition can affect school performance. |
| laborious (/ləˈbɔːriəs/) | Requiring a lot of physical effort. | hard; strenuous | easy; light | People who do laborious work need more food. |
| amount (/əˈmaʊnt/) | The quantity of something. | quantity; measure | shortage; lack | The amount of food needed varies according to age and work. |
| serving (/ˈsɜːrvɪŋ/) | A stated quantity of food for one person. | portion; helping | whole; excess | The food guide shows the serving amount for children. |
| grain (/ɡreɪn/) | A seed used as food, such as rice or wheat. | cereal; seed | — | Rice and wheat are grain foods. |
| pulses (/ˈpʌlsɪz/) | Edible seeds such as beans and lentils. | legumes; beans | — | Pulses are included in the protein food group. |
| fiber (/ˈfaɪbər/) | The part of plant food that helps form a healthy diet. | roughage; plant fibre | — | Vegetables and fruits provide fiber food. |
| refrigeration (/rɪˌfrɪdʒəˈreɪʃən/) | The process of keeping food cold to preserve it. | cooling; chilling | heating; warming | Refrigeration helps fish and meat remain fresh. |
| airtight (/ˈeərtaɪt/) | Completely closed so that air cannot enter. | sealed; closed | open; unsealed | Jams and pickles can be kept in airtight containers. |
| contamination (/kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃən/) | The process of becoming unclean or unsafe. | pollution; infection | cleanliness; purity | Food preservation helps prevent contamination by microorganisms. |
| dysfunction (/dɪsˈfʌŋkʃən/) | A condition in which an organ does not work properly. | disorder; malfunction | function; health | Harmful chemicals may cause dysfunction of the liver and kidney. |
Entries: 12
Hints: Read the chapter context carefully; identify the food group, preservation method or health effect before writing each answer.