Textual Dictionary
Chapter 7
Healthy Lifestyle
Elementary Science Class Five (English Version)
Every word below is taken from this chapter, and meanings are given in English.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy (হেলদি) | In good health; not ill. | well (ভাল) | — | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve our health and well-being. |
| improve (ইমপ্রুভ) | To make something better. | better (উন্নত করা) | — | A healthy lifestyle helps to improve our health and well-being. |
| infectious (ইনফেকশাস) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious (সংক্রামক) | — | Some diseases that spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. |
| spread (স্প্রেড) | To pass from one person or place to another. | pass (ছড়িয়ে পড়া), transmit (সঞ্চারিত করা) | — | Infectious diseases can spread in different ways. |
| contaminated (কনট্যামিনেটেড) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | infected (জীবাণুযুক্ত) | safe (নিরাপদ) | Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs. |
| prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | To stop something from happening. | avoid (এড়ানো) | — | We can prevent the spread of diseases by keeping our environment clean. |
| cure (কিউর) | To help someone recover from a disease. | help (সাহায্য করা) | — | Taking rest, eating nutritious food and drinking enough safe water will help us get better. |
| nutritious (নিউট্রিশাস) | Containing what the body needs for good health. | healthy (স্বাস্থ্যকর) | — | Eating nutritious food will help us get better. |
| vaccination (ভ্যাকসিনেশন) | The action of receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease. | vaccine (টিকা) | — | Getting vaccination helps reduce the risks of the diseases. |
| puberty (পিউবার্টি) | The time when a child’s body begins to change into the body of a teenager. | — | — | Puberty is the time in life when our body begins to develop and change. |
| anxious (অ্যাংকশাস) | Worried or uneasy. | worried (উদ্বিগ্ন), upset (মন খারাপ) | — | Some of us may feel anxious about how our changing body looks. |
| natural (ন্যাচারাল) | Normal and part of the usual process of life. | — | — | Everyone goes through puberty and it is a natural change. |
The dictionary contains 12 words from the chapter.
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter before studying the dictionary.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say the pronunciation aloud and check it carefully.
- Read each example sentence to understand the word in context.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing practice.
- Study only the words taken from this chapter.
Textual Dictionary
Read the English meaning, pronunciation, related words, and chapter-based example for each word.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy (হেলদি) | In good health; not ill. | well | — | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve our health and well-being. |
| improve (ইমপ্রুভ) | To make something better. | better | — | A healthy lifestyle helps to improve our health and well-being. |
| infectious (ইনফেকশাস) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious | — | Some diseases that spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. |
| spread (স্প্রেড) | To pass from one person or place to another. | pass; transmit | — | Infectious diseases can spread in different ways. |
| contaminated (কনট্যামিনেটেড) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | infected | safe | Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs. |
| prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | To stop something from happening. | avoid | — | We can prevent the spread of diseases by keeping our environment clean. |
| cure (কিউর) | To help someone recover from a disease. | help | — | Taking rest, eating nutritious food and drinking enough safe water will help us get better. |
| nutritious (নিউট্রিশাস) | Containing what the body needs for good health. | healthy | — | Eating nutritious food will help us get better. |
| vaccination (ভ্যাকসিনেশন) | The action of receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease. | vaccine | — | Getting vaccination helps reduce the risks of the diseases. |
| puberty (পিউবার্টি) | The time when a child’s body begins to change into the body of a teenager. | — | — | Puberty is the time in life when our body begins to develop and change. |
| anxious (অ্যাংকশাস) | Worried or uneasy. | worried; upset | — | Some of us may feel anxious about how our changing body looks. |
| natural (ন্যাচারাল) | Normal and part of the usual process of life. | — | — | Everyone goes through puberty and it is a natural change. |
◆ Key Points
- A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve health and well-being.
- Infectious diseases can spread from one person to another.
- Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause different types of diseases.
- Some infectious diseases spread through the air when someone coughs or sneezes.
- Infectious diseases may spread through used glasses, plates, clothes, toilets, or other things.
- Some infectious diseases are transmitted by bites of insects and animals.
- Contaminated food and water can cause infectious diseases.
- Safe water, regular handwashing, nutritious food, and a clean environment help prevent diseases.
- Covering the face during coughs and sneezes helps prevent the spread of germs.
- Vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases.
- Rest, nutritious food, and enough safe water help a sick person get better.
- Puberty is a natural time when a child’s body begins to develop and change.
- Personal hygiene and nutritious food are important during puberty.
- A worried student can talk to parents, teachers, or an elder brother or sister.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy (হেলদি) | In good health; not ill. | well | ill; unhealthy | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve our health and well-being. |
| lifestyle (লাইফস্টাইল) | The way a person lives. | way of living; habits | — | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep our body healthy. |
| improve (ইমপ্রুভ) | To make something better. | better; develop | worsen; damage | A healthy lifestyle helps to improve our health and well-being. |
| health (হেলথ) | The condition of the body and mind. | well-being; fitness | illness; sickness | Safe water and nutritious food help to protect our health. |
| well-being (ওয়েল-বিইং) | A state of being healthy and comfortable. | welfare; wellness | illness; discomfort | A healthy lifestyle supports our health and well-being. |
| disease (ডিজিজ) | An illness that affects the body. | illness; sickness | health; wellness | Why do we get diseases? |
| infectious (ইনফেকশাস) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious; transmissible | non-infectious; harmless | Some diseases that spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. |
| bacteria (ব্যাকটেরিয়া) | Very small living organisms that can cause disease. | germs; microbes | — | Various germs like bacteria cause different types of diseases. |
| virus (ভাইরাস) | A very small germ that can cause disease. | germ; pathogen | — | A virus can cause different types of diseases in the body. |
| fungus (ফাঙ্গাস) | A type of germ that can cause disease. | mold; germ | — | Fungus can cause different types of diseases in our body. |
| spread (স্প্রেড) | To pass from one person or place to another. | pass; transmit | stop; contain | Infectious diseases can spread in different ways. |
| airborne (এয়ারবোর্ন) | Carried or transmitted through the air. | air-carried; aerosol-borne | — | Airborne diseases are transmitted through the air due to coughing or sneezing. |
| waterborne (ওয়াটারবোর্ন) | Caused or spread by contaminated water. | water-carried; water-transmitted | — | Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs. |
| contaminated (কনট্যামিনেটেড) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | polluted; infected | clean; safe | Another way of causing infectious diseases is eating contaminated food and drinking contaminated water. |
| prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | To stop something from happening. | avoid; stop | cause; allow | We can prevent the spread of diseases by keeping our environment clean. |
◆ Key Points
- A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve health and well-being.
- Infectious diseases can spread from one person to another.
- Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause different types of diseases.
- Some infectious diseases spread through the air when someone coughs or sneezes.
- Infectious diseases may spread through used glasses, plates, clothes, toilets, or other things.
- Some infectious diseases are transmitted by bites of insects and animals.
- Contaminated food and water can cause infectious diseases.
- Safe water, regular handwashing, nutritious food, and a clean environment help prevent diseases.
- Covering the face during coughs and sneezes helps prevent the spread of germs.
- Vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases.
- Rest, nutritious food, and enough safe water help a sick person get better.
- Puberty is a natural time when a child’s body begins to develop and change.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cure (কিউর) | আরোগ্য করা (to help someone recover from a disease) | heal (সুস্থ করা); treat (চিকিৎসা করা) | harm (ক্ষতি করা); worsen (আরও খারাপ করা) | Taking rest, eating nutritious food and drinking enough safe water will help us get better. বিশ্রাম নেওয়া, পুষ্টিকর খাবার খাওয়া এবং যথেষ্ট নিরাপদ পানি পান করা আমাদের সুস্থ হতে সাহায্য করবে। |
| balanced (ব্যালান্সড) | সুষম (having all needed parts in the right amounts) | well-planned (সুপরিকল্পিত); even (সমতাযুক্ত) | uneven (অসম); unbalanced (অসমতাপূর্ণ) | We can keep our body healthy by eating a balanced diet. সুষম খাদ্য খেয়ে আমরা আমাদের শরীর সুস্থ রাখতে পারি। |
| immune (ইমিউন) | রোগপ্রতিরোধী (able to resist disease) | resistant (প্রতিরোধী); protected (সুরক্ষিত) | vulnerable (ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ); unprotected (অসুরক্ষিত) | A healthy lifestyle helps to improve our immune system. সুস্থ জীবনযাপন আমাদের রোগপ্রতিরোধী ব্যবস্থা উন্নত করতে সাহায্য করে। |
| ventilation (ভেন্টিলেশন) | বায়ু চলাচলের ব্যবস্থা (movement of fresh air) | airflow (বায়ুপ্রবাহ); aeration (বায়ু চলাচল) | stagnation (স্থিরতা); blockage (বাধা) | Adequate ventilation in our rooms can prevent the spread of diseases. আমাদের ঘরে পর্যাপ্ত বায়ু চলাচল রোগের বিস্তার রোধ করতে পারে। |
| vaccination (ভ্যাকসিনেশন) | টিকাদান (the action of receiving a vaccine) | immunisation (রোগপ্রতিরোধীকরণ); inoculation (টিকা দেওয়া) | — | Getting vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases. টিকাদান রোগের ঝুঁকি কমাতে সাহায্য করে। |
| unhygienic (আনহাইজেনিক) | অস্বাস্থ্যকর (not clean or healthy) | unclean (অপরিষ্কার); insanitary (অস্বাস্থ্যকর) | hygienic (স্বাস্থ্যসম্মত); clean (পরিষ্কার) | Avoiding unhygienic foods helps reduce the risks of diseases. অস্বাস্থ্যকর খাবার এড়িয়ে চলা রোগের ঝুঁকি কমাতে সাহায্য করে। |
| nutritious (নিউট্রিশাস) | পুষ্টিকর (containing what the body needs for good health) | nourishing (পুষ্টিদায়ক); wholesome (স্বাস্থ্যকর) | unhealthy (অস্বাস্থ্যকর); poor (অপুষ্টিকর) | Eating nutritious food will help us get better. পুষ্টিকর খাবার খাওয়া আমাদের সুস্থ হতে সাহায্য করবে। |
| rest (রেস্ট) | বিশ্রাম (a period of relaxing or sleeping) | relaxation (আরাম); sleep (ঘুম) | activity (কার্যকলাপ); work (কাজ) | Taking rest will help a sick person get better. বিশ্রাম নেওয়া অসুস্থ ব্যক্তিকে সুস্থ হতে সাহায্য করবে। |
| puberty (পিউবার্টি) | বয়ঃসন্ধিকাল (the time when a child’s body begins to change) | adolescence (কৈশোর); development (বিকাশ) | childhood (শৈশব); adulthood (প্রাপ্তবয়স্কতা) | Puberty is the time in life when our body begins to develop and change. বয়ঃসন্ধিকাল হলো জীবনের সেই সময় যখন আমাদের শরীর বিকশিত ও পরিবর্তিত হতে শুরু করে। |
| hormones (হরমোনস) | হরমোন (substances that influence body changes) | body chemicals (দেহের রাসায়নিক পদার্থ); regulators (নিয়ন্ত্রক) | — | Several changes are noticed in the body due to the influence of hormones during puberty. বয়ঃসন্ধিকালে হরমোনের প্রভাবে শরীরে বিভিন্ন পরিবর্তন দেখা যায়। |
| excessive (এক্সেসিভ) | অতিরিক্ত (more than usual) | extra (অতিরিক্ত); extreme (চরম) | little (অল্প); limited (সীমিত) | Excessive sweating may occur during puberty. বয়ঃসন্ধিকালে অতিরিক্ত ঘাম হতে পারে। |
| sensitive (সেনসিটিভ) | সংবেদনশীল (easily affected emotionally) | emotional (আবেগপ্রবণ); delicate (সহজে প্রভাবিত) | insensitive (অনুভূতিহীন); strong-minded (দৃঢ়মনা) | Some of you might feel overly sensitive during puberty. তোমাদের কেউ কেউ বয়ঃসন্ধিকালে অতিরিক্ত সংবেদনশীল বোধ করতে পারে। |
| anxious (অ্যাংকশাস) | উদ্বিগ্ন (worried or uneasy) | worried (চিন্তিত); uneasy (অস্বস্তিকর) | calm (শান্ত); relaxed (নিরুদ্বেগ) | Some of us may feel anxious about how our changing body looks. আমাদের কেউ কেউ পরিবর্তনশীল শরীর দেখতে কেমন হচ্ছে তা নিয়ে উদ্বিগ্ন হতে পারে। |
| natural (ন্যাচারাল) | স্বাভাবিক (normal and part of the usual process of life) | normal (স্বাভাবিক); usual (সাধারণ) | unnatural (অস্বাভাবিক); unusual (অসাধারণ) | Everyone goes through puberty and it is a natural change. সবাই বয়ঃসন্ধিকালের মধ্য দিয়ে যায় এবং এটি একটি স্বাভাবিক পরিবর্তন। |
| transmitted (ট্রান্সমিটেড) | সঞ্চারিত (passed from one person or place to another) | spread (ছড়িয়ে পড়া); passed (পার হয়ে যাওয়া) | stopped (বন্ধ); contained (আটকানো) | Airborne diseases are transmitted through the air due to coughing or sneezing. কাশি বা হাঁচির কারণে বায়ুবাহিত রোগ বাতাসের মাধ্যমে সঞ্চারিত হয়। |
Total words in this section: 15.
◆ Key Points
- Rest, nutritious food and enough safe water help a sick person get better.
- A balanced diet helps keep the body healthy.
- Improving the immune system helps the body resist infectious diseases.
- Adequate ventilation in rooms can help prevent the spread of diseases.
- Vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases.
- Unhygienic foods can increase the risk of diseases.
- Puberty is the time when a child’s body begins to develop and change into the body of a teenager.
- Hormones influence several changes in the body during puberty.
- Excessive sweating, oily skin and acne breakouts may occur during puberty.
- Feeling sensitive, upset or anxious can occur during body changes.
- Puberty is a natural change that everyone goes through.
- A worried student can talk to parents, teachers or an elder brother or sister.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infectious (/ɪnˈfekʃəs/) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious; transmissible | non-infectious; harmless | Some diseases that spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. Appears in: What is Infectious Disease? |
| airborne (/ˈeərbɔːrn/) | Carried or transmitted through the air. | air-carried; aerosol-borne | — | Airborne diseases are transmitted through the air due to coughing or sneezing. Appears in: Types of Infectious Diseases |
| waterborne (/ˈwɔːtərbɔːrn/) | Caused or spread by contaminated water. | water-carried; water-transmitted | — | Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs. Appears in: Types of Infectious Diseases |
| contagious (/kənˈteɪdʒəs/) | Able to spread through direct or indirect contact with an infected person. | infectious; transmissible | non-contagious; harmless | Contagious diseases are diseases caused by direct or indirect contact with an infected person. Appears in: Types of Infectious Diseases |
| contaminated (/kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | polluted; infected | clean; safe | Eating contaminated food and drinking contaminated water can cause infectious diseases. Appears in: Ways of Spreading Infectious Diseases |
| vaccination (/ˌvæksɪˈneɪʃən/) | The action of receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease. | immunisation; inoculation | — | Getting vaccination helps reduce the risks of the diseases. Appears in: Prevention of Infectious Diseases |
| immune system (/ɪˈmjuːn ˌsɪstəm/) | The body's system that helps resist infectious diseases. | body defence; immunity | — | Improving the immune system helps the body resist infectious diseases. Appears in: Prevention of Infectious Diseases |
| ventilation (/ˌventɪˈleɪʃən/) | The movement of fresh air through a room. | air circulation; aeration | — | Adequate ventilation in rooms can help prevent the spread of diseases. Appears in: Prevention of Infectious Diseases |
| puberty (/ˈpjuːbərti/) | The time when a child's body begins to develop and change into the body of a teenager. | adolescence; development | childhood; adulthood | Puberty is the time in life when our body begins to develop and change. Appears in: What is Puberty? |
| hormones (/ˈhɔːrmoʊnz/) | Substances that influence body changes during puberty. | body chemicals; regulators | — | Several changes are noticed in the body due to the influence of hormones during puberty. Appears in: Changes in the Body during Puberty |
◆ Key Points
- Infectious diseases can spread from one person to another.
- Bacteria, viruses and fungi can cause different types of diseases.
- Airborne diseases may spread through the air during coughing or sneezing.
- Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs.
- Contagious diseases may spread through direct or indirect contact with an infected person.
- Some infectious diseases are transmitted by bites of insects and animals.
- A balanced diet, safe water and regular handwashing help keep the body healthy.
- Adequate ventilation can help prevent the spread of diseases.
- Covering the face during coughs and sneezes helps prevent the spread of germs.
- Vaccination and avoiding unhygienic foods help reduce the risks of diseases.
- Puberty is a natural time when a child's body begins to develop and change.
- Hormones influence several changes in the body during puberty.
5. Words in Context
A healthy lifestyle helps to protect our health and well-being. Nutritious food, safe water, and regular handwashing can help us prevent diseases. Some infectious diseases spread when people breathe air carrying germs or use contaminated food and water.
Vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases. During puberty, the body begins to develop and change. These changes are natural, although a student may feel anxious about a changing body.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy (HEL-thee) | In good health; not ill. | well; fit | ill; unhealthy | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve our health and well-being. |
| lifestyle (LIFE-style) | The way a person lives. | way of living; habits | — | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep our body healthy. |
| infectious (in-FEK-shus) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious; transmissible | non-infectious; harmless | Some diseases that spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. |
| contaminated (kun-TAM-uh-nay-tid) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | polluted; infected | clean; safe | Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs. |
| prevent (pri-VENT) | To stop something from happening. | avoid; stop | cause; allow | We can prevent the spread of diseases by keeping our environment clean. |
| nutritious (noo-TRISH-us) | Containing what the body needs for good health. | healthy; nourishing | unhealthy; poor | Eating nutritious food will help us get better. |
| vaccination (vak-si-NAY-shun) | The action of receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease. | immunisation; inoculation | — | Getting vaccination helps reduce the risks of the diseases. |
| puberty (PYOO-ber-tee) | The time when a child’s body begins to develop and change into the body of a teenager. | adolescence; development | childhood; adulthood | Puberty is the time in life when our body begins to develop and change. |
| anxious (ANGK-shus) | Worried or uneasy. | worried; upset | calm; relaxed | Some of us may feel anxious about how our changing body looks. |
| natural (NAT-chuh-rul) | Normal and part of the usual process of life. | normal; usual | unnatural; unusual | Everyone goes through puberty and it is a natural change. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each numbered word with the correct lettered meaning. Read the Bengali meaning first, then use the English gloss to check your understanding.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Shuffled Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1. healthy (হেলদি) | A. রোগের ঝুঁকি কমানোর জন্য টিকা নেওয়ার কাজ (receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease) |
| 2. infectious (ইনফেকশাস) | B. জীবনের স্বাভাবিক প্রক্রিয়ার অংশ ও সাধারণ (normal and part of the usual process of life) |
| 3. spread (স্প্রেড) | C. শরীরের সুস্বাস্থ্যের জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় উপাদানযুক্ত (containing what the body needs for good health) |
| 4. contaminated (কনট্যামিনেটেড) | D. এক ব্যক্তি বা স্থান থেকে অন্য ব্যক্তি বা স্থানে যাওয়া (passing from one person or place to another) |
| 5. prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | E. ভালো স্বাস্থ্যে থাকা; অসুস্থ না থাকা (in good health; not ill) |
| 6. nutritious (নিউট্রিশাস) | F. জীবাণু বা অন্যান্য ক্ষতিকর পদার্থের কারণে অনিরাপদ হয়ে যাওয়া (made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances) |
| 7. vaccination (ভ্যাকসিনেশন) | G. কোনো কিছু ঘটতে বাধা দেওয়া (stopping something from happening) |
| 8. puberty (পিউবার্টি) | H. এক ব্যক্তি থেকে অন্য ব্যক্তির মধ্যে ছড়াতে সক্ষম (able to spread from one person to another) |
| 9. anxious (অ্যাংকশাস) | I. শিশুদের শরীর কিশোর-কিশোরীর শরীরে পরিবর্তিত হতে শুরু করার সময় (the time when a child’s body begins to change into the body of a teenager) |
| 10. natural (ন্যাচারাল) | J. চিন্তিত বা অস্বস্তিতে থাকা (worried or uneasy) |
Answer Key
1–E 2–H 3–D 4–F 5–G 6–C 7–A 8–I 9–J 10–B
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the word bank.
Word Bank: airborne, anxious, bacteria, contaminated, natural, nutritious, puberty, vaccination, ventilation, waterborne
- Some diseases are transmitted through the air and are called __________ diseases.
- Typhoid and cholera are examples of __________ diseases.
- We should not eat __________ food.
- Regular __________ helps reduce the risks of diseases.
- Eating __________ food is important for good health.
- Good __________ in rooms can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
- __________ are very small living organisms that can cause disease.
- __________ is the time when a child's body begins to develop and change.
- A student may feel __________ about how a changing body looks.
- Puberty is a __________ change in life.
Answer Key
- airborne
- waterborne
- contaminated
- vaccination
- nutritious
- ventilation
- bacteria
- puberty
- anxious
- natural
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Choose the correct synonym or antonym as directed. The words are taken from the chapter.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy (HEL-thee) | In good health; not ill. | well; nutritious | ill; unhealthy | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep and improve our health and well-being. |
| improve (im-PROOV) | To make something better. | better; develop | worsen; damage | A healthy lifestyle helps to improve our health and well-being. |
| infectious (in-FEK-shus) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious; transmissible | non-infectious; harmless | Some diseases that spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. |
| spread (SPRED) | To pass from one person or place to another. | pass; transmit | stop; contain | Infectious diseases can spread in different ways. |
| contaminated (kun-TAM-uh-nay-tid) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | polluted; infected | clean; safe | Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs. |
| prevent (pri-VENT) | To stop something from happening. | avoid; stop | cause; allow | We can prevent the spread of diseases by keeping our environment clean. |
| nutritious (noo-TRISH-us) | Containing what the body needs for good health. | healthy; nourishing | unhealthy; harmful | Eating nutritious food will help us get better. |
| vaccination (vak-si-NAY-shun) | The action of receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease. | immunisation; inoculation | — | Getting vaccination helps reduce the risks of the diseases. |
| puberty (PYOO-ber-tee) | The time when a child's body begins to develop and change into the body of a teenager. | adolescence; development | childhood; adulthood | Puberty is the time in life when our body begins to develop and change. |
| anxious (ANGK-shus) | Worried or uneasy. | worried; upset | calm; relaxed | Some of us may feel anxious about how our changing body looks. |
Practice Questions
- Write a synonym of healthy.
- Write an antonym of improve.
- Write a synonym of infectious.
- Write an antonym of spread.
- Write a synonym of contaminated.
- Write an antonym of prevent.
- Write a synonym of nutritious.
- Write a synonym of vaccination.
- Write an antonym of puberty.
- Write a synonym of anxious.
Worked Example Series
Ex. Give a synonym of healthy.
Sol: healthy = well
Ans. well
Ans. well
Ex. Give an antonym of improve.
Sol: improve = make better
antonym = worsen
Ans. worsen
antonym = worsen
Ans. worsen
Ex. Give a synonym of infectious.
Sol: infectious = able to spread
synonym = contagious
Ans. contagious
synonym = contagious
Ans. contagious
Ex. Give an antonym of contaminated.
Sol: contaminated = made unsafe
antonym = safe
Ans. safe
antonym = safe
Ans. safe
Ex. Give a synonym of anxious.
Sol: anxious = worried or uneasy
synonym = worried
Ans. worried
synonym = worried
Ans. worried
Answer Key
1. well 2. worsen 3. contagious 4. stop 5. polluted 6. cause 7. healthy 8. immunisation 9. childhood 10. worried
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Use each word in a meaningful sentence. Read the pronunciation and meaning before writing.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy (হেলদি) | In good health; not ill. | well; fit | ill; unhealthy | A healthy child can take part in daily activities. |
| infectious (ইনফেকশাস) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious; transmissible | non-infectious; harmless | Some infectious diseases spread through the air. |
| spread (স্প্রেড) | To pass from one person or place to another. | pass; transmit | stop; contain | Germs can spread when someone coughs or sneezes. |
| contaminated (কনট্যামিনেটেড) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | polluted; infected | clean; safe | We should not drink contaminated water. |
| prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | To stop something from happening. | avoid; stop | cause; allow | Clean surroundings help prevent diseases. |
| nutritious (নিউট্রিশাস) | Containing what the body needs for good health. | healthy; nourishing | unhealthy; harmful | Nutritious food helps the body grow. |
| vaccination (ভ্যাকসিনেশন) | The action of receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease. | immunisation; inoculation | — | Vaccination helps reduce the risk of diseases. |
| puberty (পিউবার্টি) | The time when a child’s body begins to develop and change into the body of a teenager. | adolescence; development | childhood; adulthood | Puberty brings physical and emotional changes. |
Answer Key: Model Sentences
Ex. Make a sentence with healthy.
Sol: healthy → A healthy lifestyle supports our well-being.
Ans. A healthy lifestyle supports our well-being.
Ans. A healthy lifestyle supports our well-being.
Ex. Make a sentence with infectious.
Sol: infectious → An infectious disease may pass from one person to another.
Ans. An infectious disease may pass from one person to another.
Ans. An infectious disease may pass from one person to another.
Ex. Make a sentence with spread.
Sol: spread → Handwashing can help stop germs from spreading.
Ans. Handwashing can help stop germs from spreading.
Ans. Handwashing can help stop germs from spreading.
Ex. Make a sentence with nutritious.
Sol: nutritious → A sick person should eat nutritious food.
Ans. A sick person should eat nutritious food.
Ans. A sick person should eat nutritious food.
Ex. Make a sentence with puberty.
Sol: puberty → Everyone goes through puberty as a natural change.
Ans. Everyone goes through puberty as a natural change.
Ans. Everyone goes through puberty as a natural change.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Practice Questions
Word Meanings
1. What does healthy (হেলদি) mean?
A. Not illB. Able to spreadC. Made unsafeD. Worried
Sol: [A] Healthy means in good health; not ill.
2. Which word means “to make something better”?
A. SpreadB. ImproveC. PreventD. Cure
Sol: [B] Improve means to make something better.
3. A student feels uneasy about a changing body. Which word describes the feeling?
A. NaturalB. NutritiousC. AnxiousD. Healthy
Sol: [C] Anxious means worried or uneasy.
Disease Vocabulary
4. Which word describes a disease that can pass from one person to another?
A. InfectiousB. NaturalC. NutritiousD. Contaminated
Sol: [A] Infectious means able to spread from one person to another.
5. Water made unsafe by germs is called what?
A. AirborneB. ContaminatedC. HealthyD. Natural
Sol: [B] Contaminated means made unsafe by germs or harmful substances.
6. Which word means “carried or transmitted through the air”?
A. WaterborneB. InfectiousC. AirborneD. Contaminated
Sol: [C] Airborne means carried or transmitted through the air.
Prevention and Care
7. Regular handwashing can help us ______ the spread of diseases.
A. preventB. spreadC. contaminateD. increase
Sol: [A] Prevent means to stop something from happening.
8. Which food is best described as nutritious?
A. Food containing what the body needs for good healthB. Food made unsafe by germsC. Food spread through the airD. Food that causes anxiety
Sol: [A] Nutritious food contains what the body needs for good health.
9. What does vaccination (ভ্যাকসিনেশন) help reduce?
A. The risk of diseasesB. The need for nutritious foodC. The time of pubertyD. The flow of clean water
Sol: [A] Vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases.
Puberty Vocabulary
10. Which sentence uses puberty (পিউবার্টি) correctly?
A. Puberty is a type of germ.B. Puberty is the time when a child’s body begins to develop and change.C. Puberty is unsafe water.D. Puberty prevents coughing.
Sol: [B] Puberty is the natural time when a child’s body begins to develop and change.
Answer Key: 1. A — healthy means not ill; 2. B — improve means make better; 3. C — anxious means worried or uneasy; 4. A — infectious diseases can spread; 5. B — contaminated means made unsafe; 6. C — airborne means transmitted through air; 7. A — prevent means stop; 8. A — nutritious food supports good health; 9. A — vaccination reduces disease risks; 10. B — puberty brings natural body changes.
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy (হেলদি) | In good health; not ill. | well | ill; unhealthy | A healthy lifestyle helps to keep our body healthy. |
| improve (ইমপ্রুভ) | To make something better. | better; develop | worsen; damage | A healthy lifestyle helps to improve our health and well-being. |
| infectious (ইনফেকশাস) | Able to spread from one person to another. | contagious; transmissible | non-infectious; harmless | Some diseases that spread from one person to another are called infectious diseases. |
| spread (স্প্রেড) | To pass from one person or place to another. | pass; transmit | stop; contain | Infectious diseases can spread in different ways. |
| contaminated (কনট্যামিনেটেড) | Made unsafe by germs or other harmful substances. | polluted; infected | clean; safe | Waterborne diseases are caused by taking water contaminated with germs. |
| prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | To stop something from happening. | avoid; stop | cause; allow | We can prevent the spread of diseases by keeping our environment clean. |
| cure (কিউর) | To help someone recover from a disease. | help; heal | harm; worsen | Rest and nutritious food help to cure illness. |
| nutritious (নিউট্রিশাস) | Containing what the body needs for good health. | healthy | — | Eating nutritious food will help us get better. |
| vaccination (ভ্যাকসিনেশন) | The action of receiving a vaccine to reduce the risk of disease. | vaccine | — | Getting vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases. |
| puberty (পিউবার্টি) | The time when a child’s body begins to develop and change. | — | — | Puberty is the time in life when our body begins to develop and change. |
| anxious (অ্যাংকশাস) | Worried or uneasy. | worried; upset | — | Some students may feel anxious about how their changing body looks. |
| natural (ন্যাচারাল) | Normal and part of the usual process of life. | normal; usual | — | Everyone goes through puberty and it is a natural change. |
◆ Key Points
- A healthy lifestyle supports health and well-being.
- Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can cause different diseases.
- Infectious diseases can pass from one person to another.
- Airborne diseases can spread through air during coughing or sneezing.
- Waterborne diseases are caused by water contaminated with germs.
- Infectious diseases may spread through infected persons, used things, insects, or animals.
- Safe water, regular handwashing, nutritious food, and a clean environment help prevent diseases.
- Covering the face during coughs and sneezes helps prevent the spread of germs.
- Vaccination helps reduce the risks of diseases.
- Rest, nutritious food, and enough safe water help a sick person get better.
- Puberty is a natural time of physical, emotional, and behavioural change.
- Personal hygiene and nutritious food are important during puberty.
- A worried student can talk to parents, teachers, or an elder brother or sister.