Chapter 2
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Pollution
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter carefully before using this sheet.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Read each example sentence aloud and notice its context.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing practice.
- Review the key points after studying the word table.
- Return to the chapter when a word or idea is unclear.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/) | the natural surroundings in which living things exist | surrounding environment (nearby surroundings) natural environment (nature) | — | We depend on environment in various ways to survive. In context: Living things need their surroundings to survive. |
| harmful (/ˈhɑːrmfəl/) | causing damage or illness | toxic (poisonous) negative (bad) | — | Environmental pollution is the addition of harmful or toxic materials into the environment. In context: Harmful materials can damage living things. |
| pollution (/pəˈluːʃən/) | the addition of harmful materials to the environment | contamination (pollution) damage (harm) | conservation (protection) | One of the great problems that the world is facing today is environmental pollution. In context: Pollution is a serious environmental problem. |
| industrialisation (/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/) | the growth or development of industries | industries (factories) industrial (related to industries) | — | Industrialisation is one of the main causes of pollution. In context: The growth of industries can cause pollution. |
| effects (/ɪˈfekts/) | results or changes caused by something | impacts (results) results (outcomes) | causes (reasons) | Pollution is causing a lot of damage to human, animal, and the environment. In context: Damage is one effect of pollution. |
| conserve (/kənˈsɜːrv/) | to protect and use carefully | preserve (protect) protect (keep safe) | destroy (damage) pollute (make harmful) | How can we help conserve the environment? In context: We can protect the environment by good practices. |
| resources (/rɪˈsɔːrsɪz/) | useful supplies found in nature | natural resources (supplies from nature) materials (things used) | — | People are destroying environment to meet their need such as food, shelter or natural resources. In context: Natural resources help people meet their needs. |
| recycling (/ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ/) | using materials again after processing | reusing (using again) reducing (using less) | waste (discarded material) | Following 3R's, like reducing the use of natural resources, reusing or recycling we can help conserving nature. In context: Recycling is a way to help conserve nature. |
◆ Key Points
- Environmental pollution is the addition of harmful or toxic materials into the environment.
- Human activities cause most of the environmental pollution.
- Industrialisation and population growth are important causes of pollution.
- The four types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution.
- Smoke, dust particles, harmful gases and odour can cause air pollution.
- Sewage, household waste, medical waste and factory waste can pollute water.
- Pesticides, fertilisers and non-degradable waste can cause soil pollution.
- Unnecessary horns, loud music and loud speakers can cause noise pollution.
- Pollution can harm human health, animals and the environment.
- Reducing, reusing, recycling, planting trees and using dustbins can help conserve the environment.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (এনভায়রনমেন্ট) | the natural surroundings in which living things exist | surrounding (nearby); nature (the natural world) | — | We depend on the environment in various ways to survive. |
| depend (ডিপেন্ড) | to need or rely on something | rely (trust); need (require) | — | Living things depend on their surroundings. |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | to continue to live | live (remain alive); endure (continue) | die (stop living) | Clean air and water help living things survive. |
| result (রিজাল্ট) | an effect or outcome | effect (result); outcome (end result) | cause (reason) | As a result, harmful changes may occur in the environment. |
| changes (চেঞ্জেস) | differences that happen over time | effects (results); alterations (differences) | sameness (no difference) | Different changes occur in the environment. |
| harmful (হার্মফুল) | causing damage or illness | toxic (poisonous); damaging (causing harm) | helpful (useful); harmless (safe) | Harmful materials can damage living things. |
| living (লিভিং) | being alive | alive (not dead); active (functioning) | dead (not alive) | Pollution can harm living things. |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | the addition of harmful materials to the environment | contamination (making dirty); damage (harm) | conservation (protection); cleanliness (freedom from dirt) | Environmental pollution is a serious problem. |
| addition (অ্যাডিশন) | the act of putting something into something else | increase (more); inclusion (putting in) | removal (taking away) | Pollution is the addition of harmful materials into the environment. |
| toxic (টক্সিক) | poisonous or harmful | harmful (damaging); poisonous (unsafe) | safe (not dangerous); harmless (not harmful) | Toxic materials may make people sick. |
| materials (ম্যাটেরিয়ালস) | substances or things used for a purpose | substances (matter); resources (supplies) | — | Factories may release harmful materials into water. |
| causes (কজেস) | reasons why something happens | reasons (explanations); sources (origins) | effects (results) | Human activities cause most environmental pollution. |
| industrialisation (ইন্ডাস্ট্রিয়ালাইজেশন) | the growth or development of industries | development (growth); mechanisation (use of machines) | deindustrialisation (decline of industries) | Industrialisation is one of the main causes of pollution. |
| widespread (ওয়াইডস্প্রেড) | existing over a large area | common (usual); extensive (covering much area) | limited (small in area); local (near one place) | Industrialisation leads to widespread use of fossil fuels. |
| sources (সোর্সেস) | places or things from which something comes | origins (beginnings); causes (reasons) | results (outcomes) | Oil, gas, and coal are important sources of pollution. |
◆ Key Points
- Environmental pollution is the addition of harmful or toxic materials into the environment.
- Human activities cause most of the environmental pollution.
- Industrialisation and population growth are important causes of pollution.
- The four types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution.
- Smoke, dust particles, harmful gases, and odour can cause air pollution.
- Sewage, household waste, medical waste, and factory waste can pollute water.
- Pesticides, fertilisers, and non-degradable waste can cause soil pollution.
- Unnecessary horns, loud music, and loud speakers can cause noise pollution.
- Pollution can harm human health, animals, and the environment.
- Reducing, reusing, recycling, planting trees, and using dustbins can help conserve the environment.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| occur (অকার) | to happen or take place | happen (take place); arise (appear) | stop (end); cease (come to an end) | Different changes occur in the environment. Different changes happen in the environment. |
| surrounding (সারাউন্ডিং) | the area or conditions around something | nearby (close); environment (natural surroundings) | distant (far); remote (far away) | Pollution of our surrounding environment should be observed carefully. Pollution in the nearby environment should be observed carefully. |
| fossil (ফসিল) | relating to fuels formed from ancient plants and animals | ancient (very old); preserved (kept from the past) | modern (new); current (present) | Industrialisation increases the widespread use of fossil fuels. Industrialisation increases the use of fuels from the ancient past. |
| fuels (ফুয়েলস) | materials burned to produce energy | energy sources (sources of power); combustibles (burnable materials) | — | Oil, gas, and coal are fossil fuels. Oil, gas, and coal are materials used to produce energy. |
| population (পপুলেশন) | the number of people living in a place | people (human beings); inhabitants (residents) | — | Population growth is also a root cause of pollution. A growing number of people can increase pollution. |
| growth (গ্রোথ) | an increase in size or number | increase (rise); development (advancement) | decline (decrease); reduction (lessening) | Population growth causes pressure on natural resources. An increase in population causes pressure on natural resources. |
| diseases (ডিজিজেস) | illnesses that affect people or animals | illnesses (health problems); sicknesses (diseases) | health (wellness); fitness (good condition) | Pollution causes different diseases such as cancer and respiratory diseases. Pollution can cause different illnesses. |
| respiratory (রেসপিরেটরি) | related to breathing or the lungs | breathing (related to breath); pulmonary (related to lungs) | — | Air pollution can make people sick with respiratory diseases. Air pollution can cause diseases related to breathing. |
| aquatic (অ্যাকোয়াটিক) | living or existing in water | water-based (related to water); marine (related to water) | terrestrial (land-based); dry (without water) | Water pollution can lead to the death of aquatic animals. Water pollution can kill animals that live in water. |
| extinct (এক্সটিংক্ট) | no longer existing as a living species | vanished (disappeared); lost (no longer present) | existing (still living); living (alive) | As a result, many animals get extinct. As a result, many animals disappear completely. |
| glaciers (গ্লেসিয়ার্স) | large masses of slowly moving ice | ice masses (large bodies of ice); ice fields (areas of ice) | — | Many glaciers continue to melt, resulting in sea-level rise. Many large masses of ice continue to melt. |
| odour (ওডার) | a smell, especially an unpleasant one | smell (scent); scent (odour) | — | Throwing garbage anywhere causes foul odour in the air. Throwing garbage anywhere causes an unpleasant smell. |
| sewage (সুইজ) | waste matter carried away in drains | wastewater (used water); waste (discarded matter) | clean water (pure water); freshwater (natural clean water) | Water is polluted by sewage, household waste, and medical waste. Wastewater can pollute water. |
| fertilisers (ফার্টিলাইজার্স) | substances added to soil to help plants grow | plant food (food for plants); nutrients (growth substances) | — | Chemical fertilisers used in farmlands can pollute water. Substances used to help plants grow can pollute water. |
| pesticides (পেস্টিসাইডস) | chemicals used to kill harmful insects or pests | insecticides (insect-killing chemicals); pest killers (pest-control substances) | — | The use of pesticides in agriculture can cause soil contamination. Chemicals used against pests can pollute soil. |
Total words in this section: 15.
◆ Key Points
- Environmental pollution is the addition of harmful or toxic materials into the environment.
- Human activities cause most of the environmental pollution.
- Industrialisation increases the widespread use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal.
- Population growth is a root cause of pollution because people need food, shelter, and natural resources.
- Pollution can cause diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, waterborne diseases, and skin problems.
- Air pollution includes harmful gases, dust particles, smoke, or odour in the air.
- Water pollution can be caused by sewage, household waste, medical waste, fertilisers, pesticides, and factory waste.
- Soil pollution can decrease soil fertility and destroy the habitats of plants and animals.
- Noise pollution can cause depression, hearing loss, sleep disruption, and loss of productivity.
- Reducing, reusing, and recycling can help conserve nature.
- Planting trees and putting garbage in dustbins are good practices for environmental conservation.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/) | The natural surroundings in which living things exist. | surroundings; nature | — | We depend on environment in various ways to survive. |
| pollution (/pəˈluːʃən/) | The addition of harmful or toxic materials into the environment. | contamination; damage | conservation; cleanliness | One of the great problems that the world is facing today is environmental pollution. |
| industrialisation (/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/) | The growth or development of industries. | development; mechanisation | deindustrialisation; decline | Industrialisation is one of the main causes of pollution. |
| fossil fuels (/ˈfɒsəl ˈfjuːəlz/) | Fuels such as oil, gas, and coal formed from ancient plants and animals. | energy sources; combustibles | — | Industrialisation sets in motion the widespread use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. |
| population growth (/ˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən ɡrəʊθ/) | An increase in the number of people. | population increase; growth | population decline; decrease | Population growth is also the root cause of pollution. |
| air pollution (/eə pəˈluːʃən/) | The addition of harmful gases, dust particles, smoke, or odour into the air. | air contamination; atmospheric pollution | clean air; pure air | Smoke emitted from vehicles and industries is one of the main causes of air pollution. |
| water pollution (/ˈwɔːtə pəˈluːʃən/) | The mixing of harmful materials with water. | water contamination; polluted water | clean water; freshwater | Water is polluted by sewage, household waste, and medical waste. |
| soil pollution (/sɔɪl pəˈluːʃən/) | The contamination of soil with harmful things. | soil contamination; land pollution | fertile soil; clean soil | Soil contamination is caused by the use of pesticides and fertilisers in agriculture. |
| noise pollution (/nɔɪz pəˈluːʃən/) | Harmful or excessive sound that affects human and animal life. | sound pollution; unwanted noise | quietness; silence | Noise pollution harms the health and well being of human and animal life. |
| aquatic animals (/əˈkwætɪk ˈænɪməlz/) | Animals that live or exist in water. | water animals; marine animals | terrestrial animals; land animals | This pollution can lead to the death of aquatic animals. |
| environmental conservation (/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/) | The sustainable and wise protection of the natural environment. | environmental protection; preservation | environmental destruction; pollution | Environmental conservation is the sustainable and wise protection of natural environment. |
◆ Key Points
- Environmental pollution means adding harmful or toxic materials to the environment.
- Human activities cause most environmental pollution.
- Industrialisation increases the widespread use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal.
- Population growth causes pollution because people need food, shelter, and natural resources.
- Air pollution may contain harmful gases, dust particles, smoke, or odour.
- Water pollution may be caused by sewage, household waste, medical waste, fertilisers, pesticides, and factory waste.
- Soil pollution can decrease soil fertility and destroy the habitats of plants and animals.
- Noise pollution can cause depression, hearing loss, sleep disruption, and loss of productivity.
- Pollution can cause diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, waterborne diseases, and skin problems.
- Reducing, reusing, and recycling help conserve nature.
- Planting trees and putting garbage in dustbins are good practices for environmental conservation.
- Oils, chemicals, and industrial garbage should be treated before being thrown into the environment.
Total terms in this section: 12
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully. Notice how the bold words describe causes, effects, and solutions connected with environmental pollution.
Rapid industrialisation increases the use of fossil fuels, while population growth increases the need for food, shelter, and natural resources. These activities can create different sources of pollution and may harm aquatic animals. People can help conserve nature by reducing waste, reusing materials, and practising recycling.
Use the table to learn the meaning of each word and then read every example sentence aloud.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| industrialisation (/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/) | The growth or development of industries. | development; mechanisation | deindustrialisation; decline | Industrialisation can increase the use of fossil fuels. |
| fossil fuels (/ˈfɒsəl ˈfjuːəlz/) | Fuels such as oil, gas, and coal formed from ancient plants and animals. | energy sources; combustibles | renewable energy; clean energy | The widespread use of fossil fuels is a source of pollution. |
| population growth (/ˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən ɡrəʊθ/) | An increase in the number of people. | population increase; growth | population decline; decrease | Population growth increases the need for natural resources. |
| resources (/rɪˈsɔːrsɪz/) | Useful supplies found in nature. | supplies; materials | — | People should use natural resources carefully. |
| sources (/sɔːrsɪz/) | Places or things from which something comes. | origins; causes | results; effects | Oil, gas, and coal are important sources of pollution. |
| aquatic animals (/əˈkwætɪk ˈænɪməlz/) | Animals that live or exist in water. | water animals; marine animals | terrestrial animals; land animals | Water pollution can lead to the death of aquatic animals. |
| conserve (/kənˈsɜːrv/) | To protect and use carefully. | preserve; protect | destroy; waste | Planting trees can help conserve the environment. |
| recycling (/ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ/) | Using materials again after processing. | reusing; recovering | wasting; discarding | Recycling is a useful way to help conserve nature. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in the first column with its correct meaning in the second column. Write the correct letter beside each word.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. environment (/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/) | F. The growth or development of industries. | surroundings; nature | — | We depend on the environment in various ways to survive. |
| 2. harmful (/ˈhɑːrmfəl/) | I. Useful supplies found in nature. | toxic; damaging | helpful; harmless | Harmful materials can damage living things. |
| 3. pollution (/pəˈluːʃən/) | C. The addition of harmful materials to the environment. | contamination; damage | conservation; cleanliness | Environmental pollution is a serious problem. |
| 4. industrialisation (/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/) | A. To protect and use carefully. | development; mechanisation | deindustrialisation; decline | Industrialisation is one of the main causes of pollution. |
| 5. effects (/ɪˈfekts/) | J. Animals that live or exist in water. | impacts; results | causes | Pollution is causing a lot of damage to human, animal, and the environment. |
| 6. conserve (/kənˈsɜːrv/) | D. Using materials again after processing. | preserve; protect | destroy; waste | Planting trees can help conserve the environment. |
| 7. resources (/rɪˈsɔːrsɪz/) | H. Results or changes caused by something. | supplies; materials | — | People should use natural resources carefully. |
| 8. recycling (/ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ/) | E. Causing damage or illness. | reusing; recovering | wasting; discarding | Recycling is a useful way to help conserve nature. |
| 9. population (/ˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən/) | B. The number of people living in a place. | people; inhabitants | — | Population growth is also the root cause of pollution. |
| 10. aquatic animals (/əˈkwætɪk ˈænɪməlz/) | G. The natural surroundings in which living things exist. | water animals; marine animals | terrestrial animals; land animals | Water pollution can lead to the death of aquatic animals. |
Answer Key: 1-G, 2-E, 3-C, 4-F, 5-H, 6-A, 7-I, 8-D, 9-B, 10-J
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Word Bank: odour · sewage · pesticides · aquatic · noise · conserve · fossil · habitats · recycling · awareness
Fill in each blank with the correct word from the word bank.
- Throwing garbage anywhere can create a foul ________ in the air.
- Household waste and ________ can pollute water.
- Farmers use ________ in agriculture, but they can cause soil pollution.
- Water pollution can lead to the death of ________ animals.
- Unnecessary horns and loud speakers can cause ________ pollution.
- Reducing the use of electricity can help ________ the environment.
- Oil, gas, and coal are ________ fuels.
- Pollution can destroy the ________ of animals.
- Using materials again after processing is called ________.
- Raising public ________ is one of the best ways to conserve the environment.
Answer Key:
1. odour
2. sewage
3. pesticides
4. aquatic
5. noise
6. conserve
7. fossil
8. habitats
9. recycling
10. awareness
1. odour
2. sewage
3. pesticides
4. aquatic
5. noise
6. conserve
7. fossil
8. habitats
9. recycling
10. awareness
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Choose the correct synonym or antonym as directed. The words and examples are taken from the chapter.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| harmful (/ˈhɑːrmfəl/) | causing damage or illness | toxic; damaging | helpful; harmless | Harmful materials can damage living things. |
| pollution (/pəˈluːʃən/) | the addition of harmful materials to the environment | contamination; damage | conservation; cleanliness | Environmental pollution is a serious problem. |
| conserve (/kənˈsɜːrv/) | to protect and use carefully | preserve; protect | destroy; waste | We can help conserve the environment. |
| resources (/rɪˈsɔːrsɪz/) | useful supplies found in nature | supplies; materials | — | People should use natural resources carefully. |
| recycling (/ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ/) | using materials again after processing | reusing; recovering | wasting; discarding | Recycling is a useful way to help conserve nature. |
| industrialisation (/ɪnˌdʌstriəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/) | the growth or development of industries | development; mechanisation | deindustrialisation; decline | Industrialisation is one of the main causes of pollution. |
| survive (/səˈvaɪv/) | to continue to live | live; endure | die | Clean air and water help living things survive. |
| toxic (/ˈtɒksɪk/) | poisonous or harmful | harmful; poisonous | safe; harmless | Toxic materials may make people sick. |
| widespread (/ˈwaɪdspred/) | existing over a large area | common; extensive | limited; local | Industrialisation leads to widespread use of fossil fuels. |
| effects (/ɪˈfekts/) | results or changes caused by something | impacts; results | causes | Pollution is causing a lot of damage to human, animal, and environmental life. |
Worked Examples
Ex. Give a synonym of harmful.
Sol: harmful = toxic
Ans. toxic
Ex. Give an antonym of conserve.
Sol: conserve = protect
Opposite of protect = destroy
Opposite of protect = destroy
Ans. destroy
Ex. Give a synonym of recycling.
Sol: recycling = using materials again
Using materials again = reusing
Using materials again = reusing
Ans. reusing
Ex. Give an antonym of widespread.
Sol: widespread = extensive
Opposite of extensive = limited
Opposite of extensive = limited
Ans. limited
Answer Key: 1. toxic; 2. cleanliness; 3. protect; 4. materials; 5. reusing; 6. development; 7. die; 8. safe; 9. limited; 10. causes
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Make a sentence with each word. Use the table to understand the meaning and related words.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| odour (ওডার) | an unpleasant smell | smell (গন্ধ); scent (সুবাস) | fragrance (সুগন্ধ); freshness (সতেজতা) | The foul odour from the garbage polluted the air. |
| sewage (সিউয়েজ) | dirty waste water | wastewater (বর্জ্য জল); drainage (নিষ্কাশন) | clean water (পরিষ্কার জল); fresh water (স্বচ্ছ জল) | Sewage should not be allowed to enter a river. |
| aquatic (অ্যাকুয়াটিক) | living or growing in water | water-dwelling (জলে বসবাসকারী); water-based (জলভিত্তিক) | terrestrial (স্থলজ); land-based (ভূমিভিত্তিক) | Water pollution can destroy aquatic life. |
| habitats (হ্যাবিট্যাটস) | natural homes of plants or animals | homes (আবাসস্থল); environments (পরিবেশ) | — | Pollution may destroy the habitats of many animals. |
| conserve (কনসার্ভ) | to protect and use carefully | preserve (সংরক্ষণ করা); protect (রক্ষা করা) | destroy (ধ্বংস করা); waste (অপচয় করা) | We should conserve water and electricity. |
| awareness (অওয়্যারনেস) | knowledge or understanding of an issue | knowledge (জ্ঞান); understanding (বোঝাপড়া) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা); unawareness (অসচেতনতা) | Public awareness can help protect the environment. |
| pesticides (পেস্টিসাইডস) | substances used to kill harmful insects | insecticides (কীটনাশক); chemicals (রাসায়নিক পদার্থ) | — | Pesticides used on farmland may pollute water. |
| fertilisers (ফার্টিলাইজারস) | substances added to soil to help plants grow | plant food (উদ্ভিদের খাদ্য); soil nutrients (মাটির পুষ্টি) | — | Chemical fertilisers can get mixed with water. |
Answer Key: Model Sentences
- The foul odour from the garbage polluted the air.
- Sewage should not be allowed to enter a river.
- Water pollution can destroy aquatic life.
- Pollution may destroy the habitats of many animals.
- We should conserve water and electricity.
- Public awareness can help protect the environment.
- Pesticides used on farmland may pollute water.
- Chemical fertilisers can get mixed with water.
Ex. Make a sentence with odour.
Sol:
Word = odour
Meaning = an unpleasant smell
Sentence = The foul odour from the garbage polluted the air.
Ans. The foul odour from the garbage polluted the air.
Meaning = an unpleasant smell
Sentence = The foul odour from the garbage polluted the air.
Ans. The foul odour from the garbage polluted the air.
Ex. Make a sentence with aquatic.
Sol:
Word = aquatic
Meaning = living or growing in water
Sentence = Water pollution can destroy aquatic life.
Ans. Water pollution can destroy aquatic life.
Meaning = living or growing in water
Sentence = Water pollution can destroy aquatic life.
Ans. Water pollution can destroy aquatic life.
Ex. Make a sentence with conserve.
Sol:
Word = conserve
Meaning = to protect and use carefully
Sentence = We should conserve water and electricity.
Ans. We should conserve water and electricity.
Meaning = to protect and use carefully
Sentence = We should conserve water and electricity.
Ans. We should conserve water and electricity.
Ex. Make a sentence with awareness.
Sol:
Word = awareness
Meaning = knowledge or understanding of an issue
Sentence = Public awareness can help protect the environment.
Ans. Public awareness can help protect the environment.
Meaning = knowledge or understanding of an issue
Sentence = Public awareness can help protect the environment.
Ans. Public awareness can help protect the environment.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Practice Questions
Meanings of Key Words
1. What does pollution mean?
A. Protection of nature
B. Addition of harmful materials to the environment
C. Growth of plants
D. Use of clean water
Sol: [B] Pollution is the addition of harmful or toxic materials into the environment.
2. What does conserve mean?
A. To protect and use carefully
B. To throw away
C. To pollute water
D. To destroy habitats
Sol: [A] To conserve means to protect and use carefully.
3. Which word means “living or growing in water”?
A. Terrestrial
B. Aquatic
C. Industrial
D. Harmful
Sol: [B] Aquatic describes life that lives or grows in water.
Causes and Sources
4. Which word refers to the growth or development of industries?
A. Industrialisation
B. Conservation
C. Awareness
D. Recycling
Sol: [A] Industrialisation means the growth or development of industries.
5. Which of the following is a fossil fuel mentioned in the chapter?
A. Coal
B. Sewage
C. Pesticide
D. Fertiliser
Sol: [A] Oil, gas, and coal are identified as fossil fuels.
6. Which word means dirty wastewater?
A. Sewage
B. Odour
C. Smoke
D. Habitat
Sol: [A] Sewage is dirty wastewater that can pollute water.
Synonyms and Antonyms
7. Which word is closest in meaning to harmful?
A. Toxic
B. Helpful
C. Safe
D. Fresh
Sol: [A] Toxic means poisonous or harmful.
8. Which word is an opposite of harmful?
A. Toxic
B. Damaging
C. Helpful
D. Polluted
Sol: [C] Helpful is given as an opposite of harmful.
Word Usage
9. Which sentence uses pesticides correctly?
A. Pesticides are used to kill harmful insects.
B. Pesticides are clean drinking water.
C. Pesticides are natural homes of animals.
D. Pesticides are loud sounds.
Sol: [A] Pesticides are substances used to kill harmful insects.
10. Which sentence uses awareness correctly?
A. Public awareness can help protect the environment.
B. Public awareness is a type of fossil fuel.
C. Public awareness causes hearing loss.
D. Public awareness is dirty wastewater.
Sol: [A] Awareness means knowledge or understanding of an issue.
Answer Key: 1-B, 2-A, 3-B, 4-A, 5-A, 6-A, 7-A, 8-C, 9-A, 10-A.
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (এনভায়রনমেন্ট) | The natural surroundings in which living things exist | surroundings; nature | — | We depend on the environment in various ways to survive. |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | The addition of harmful materials into the environment | contamination; damage | conservation | Environmental pollution is a serious problem. |
| industrialisation (ইন্ডাস্ট্রিয়ালাইজেশন) | The growth or development of industries | development; mechanisation | — | Industrialisation is one of the main causes of pollution. |
| sources (সোর্সেস) | Places or things from which something comes | origins; causes | — | Oil, gas, and coal are important sources of pollution. |
| effects (ইফেক্টস) | Results or changes caused by something | impacts; results | causes | Pollution causes different diseases. |
| harmful (হার্মফুল) | Causing damage or illness | toxic; damaging | helpful; harmless | Harmful gases can pollute the air. |
| air pollution (এয়ার পলিউশন) | The addition of harmful gases, dust, smoke, or odour into the air | — | — | Smoke from vehicles is a cause of air pollution. |
| water pollution (ওয়াটার পলিউশন) | Pollution caused when harmful materials get mixed with water | — | — | Sewage and household waste can cause water pollution. |
| soil pollution (সয়েল পলিউশন) | The contamination of soil with harmful things | soil contamination | — | Pesticides and fertilisers can cause soil pollution. |
| noise pollution (নয়েজ পলিউশন) | Pollution caused by harmful or excessive sound | — | — | Loud speakers can cause noise pollution. |
| conserve (কনসার্ভ) | To protect and use carefully | preserve; protect | destroy; pollute | We can conserve the environment by planting trees. |
| recycling (রিসাইক্লিং) | Using materials again after processing | reusing; reducing | — | Recycling helps conserve nature. |
◆ Key Points
- Environmental pollution is the addition of harmful or toxic materials into the environment.
- Human activities cause most of the environmental pollution.
- Industrialisation and population growth are important causes of pollution.
- The four types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution.
- Smoke, dust particles, harmful gases, and odour can cause air pollution.
- Sewage, household waste, medical waste, and factory waste can pollute water.
- Pesticides, fertilisers, and non-degradable waste can cause soil pollution.
- Unnecessary horns, loud music, and loud speakers can cause noise pollution.
- Pollution can harm human health, animals, and the environment.
- Reducing, reusing, recycling, planting trees, and using dustbins can help conserve the environment.