Chapter 3
Water for Life
Elementary Science Class Five (English Version)
Every word below is taken from this chapter, and meanings are given in English.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| essential (ih-SEN-shuhl) | necessary; very important | necessary (needed); important (valuable) | — | Water is essential for living things. Water is necessary for living things. |
| survive (ser-VYV) | to continue to live | live (remain alive); exist (continue to be) | death (the end of life) | No animal can survive without water. No animal can continue to live without water. |
| absorb (ab-ZORB) | to take in | take (receive); receive (get) | — | Water helps the body to absorb the nutrients. Water helps the body to take in the nutrients. |
| evaporation (ih-vap-uh-RAY-shuhn) | the change of a liquid into vapour | — | condensation (change of vapour into water) | When heat is added to water, it evaporates and changes into water vapour. Heat changes water into water vapour. |
| condensation (kon-den-SAY-shuhn) | the change of a gas into a liquid | — | evaporation (change of liquid into vapour) | The change of state from a gas to liquid is called condensation. Condensation changes gas into liquid. |
| pollution (puh-LOO-shuhn) | the addition of harmful substances to water | — | clean (free from harmful substances); safe (not harmful) | Water pollution is harmful for living things. Polluted water harms living things. |
| prevent (pri-VENT) | to stop something from happening | stop (make something end); reduce (make less) | cause (make something happen) | We can prevent water pollution by reducing the use of pesticides. We can stop water pollution by reducing pesticides. |
| purify (PYUR-uh-fy) | to make water safe and clean | clean (make free from dirt); filter (clean through a filter) | pollute (make harmful); contaminate (make unsafe) | It is important to purify water before we drink and use it for cooking. Water should be made safe before drinking. |
| sedimentation (sed-uh-men-TAY-shuhn) | a treatment process that removes suspended particles from water | — | — | Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water. This process removes mud and sand from water. |
| boiling (BOY-ling) | heating water until it boils | heating (making hot); cooking (heating) | cooling (making cool); freezing (becoming ice) | Boiling is one of good ways to make water free from germs. Boiling helps make water free from germs. |
The dictionary contains 10 words from the chapter.
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter carefully before studying the word list.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say each word aloud using the pronunciation in brackets.
- Read the example sentences to understand how the words are used.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing practice.
- Review the key points after completing the word practice.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| essential (এসেনশিয়াল) | necessary; very important | necessary; important | — | Water is essential for living things. |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | to continue to live | live | death | Plants need water to survive. |
| absorb (অ্যাবজর্ভ) | to take in | take in; receive | — | Water helps the body to absorb the nutrients. |
| evaporation (ইভ্যাপোরেশন) | the change of a liquid into vapour | — | condensation | Evaporation changes water into water vapour. |
| condensation (কনডেনসেশন) | the change of a gas into a liquid | — | evaporation | Condensation changes gas into liquid. |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | the addition of harmful substances to water | — | clean; safe | Water pollution is harmful for living things. |
| prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | to stop something from happening | reduce | cause | We can prevent water pollution by reducing the use of pesticides. |
| purify (পিউরিফাই) | to make water safe and clean | clean; filter | pollute; contaminate | It is important to purify water before we drink. |
| sedimentation (সেডিমেন্টেশন) | a treatment process that removes suspended particles from water | — | — | Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water. |
| boiling (বয়লিং) | heating water until it boils | heating; cooking | cooling; freezing | Boiling is one of good ways to make water free from germs. |
The dictionary contains 10 words from the chapter.
◆ Key Points
- Water is essential for all living things to survive.
- Plants use water to make food and to transport nutrients and minerals.
- Animals need water for digestion, carrying nutrients, absorbing nutrients, and maintaining body temperature.
- Water vapour changes into water on a cold surface through condensation.
- Liquid water changes into water vapour through evaporation when heat is added.
- Water freezes and becomes ice when it is cooled.
- The water cycle is the movement of water around the Earth and its atmosphere as water changes state.
- Water pollution is the addition of harmful substances to water.
- Reducing pesticides and not throwing waste or chemicals into water helps prevent pollution.
- Unsafe fresh water should be purified before drinking or using it for cooking.
- Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water.
- Boiling helps make water free from germs.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| water (ওয়াটার) | the clear liquid needed by living things | liquid; drink | — | We are surrounded by water. |
| surrounded (সারাউন্ডেড) | having something on all sides | enclosed; encircled | exposed; open | We are surrounded by water. |
| natural (ন্যাচারাল) | existing in nature | native; original | artificial; man-made | Rainfall is a natural source of water. |
| source (সোর্স) | a place from which something comes | origin; supply | result; end | A river is a source of water. |
| rainfall (রেইনফল) | rain falling from the clouds | rain; precipitation | drought; dryness | We get water from rainfall. |
| river (রিভার) | a natural stream of flowing water | stream; watercourse | — | Water from a river flows to the sea. |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | to continue to live | live; exist | die; perish | Plants and animals need water to survive. |
| essential (এসেনশিয়াল) | necessary and very important | necessary; important | unnecessary; unimportant | Water is essential for living things. |
| plants (প্ল্যান্টস) | living things that grow in soil | vegetation; greenery | animals; people | Plants need water to survive. |
| absorb (অ্যাবজর্ভ) | to take in | take in; receive | release; give out | Plants absorb nutrients from the soil with the help of water. |
| nutrients (নিউট্রিয়েন্টস) | substances needed for growth and health | nourishment; food | — | Water helps the body absorb the nutrients. |
| transport (ট্রান্সপোর্ট) | to carry something from one place to another | carry; move | stop; hold | Plants use water to transport nutrients to other parts. |
| animals (অ্যানিম্যালস) | living things that need food and water | creatures; living beings | plants; objects | Animals need water to survive. |
| digestion (ডাইজেশন) | the process of breaking down food in the body | food processing; absorption | — | Water helps with the digestion of food. |
| evaporation (ইভ্যাপোরেশন) | the change of a liquid into vapour | vaporisation; drying | condensation; freezing | Evaporation changes water into water vapour. |
💧 Key Points
- Water is essential for all living things to survive.
- Plants use water to make food and transport nutrients and minerals.
- Plants absorb essential nutrients from the soil through their roots with the help of water.
- Animals need water for drinking, digestion, carrying nutrients, and absorbing nutrients.
- Water helps animals maintain the proper temperature of the body.
- Evaporation is the change of water from a liquid into water vapour when heat is added.
- Condensation is the change of water vapour from a gas into liquid water through cooling.
- The water cycle is the movement of water around the Earth's surface and atmosphere as its state changes.
- Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets that accumulate to form clouds.
- Water pollution is the addition of harmful substances to water.
- Reducing pesticides and keeping waste and chemicals out of water helps prevent pollution.
- Unsafe fresh water should be purified before drinking or using it for cooking.
- Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water.
- Boiling helps make water free from germs.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dew (ডিউ) | drops of water formed on cool surfaces at night | moisture; droplets | dryness; aridity | The drops of water that form on cool surfaces at night are called dew. |
| droplets (ড্রপলেটস) | very small drops of liquid | drops; beads | — | Water vapour forms into droplets on a cold surface. |
| cooling (কুলিং) | the process of becoming less warm | chilling; refrigeration | heating; warming | Water vapour changes into water by cooling. |
| heating (হিটিং) | the process of becoming hot | warming; boiling | cooling; chilling | The state of water changes due to heating and cooling. |
| freezes (ফ্রিজেস) | changes from water into ice | solidifies; hardens | melts; thaws | When water is cooled, it freezes and becomes ice. |
| atmosphere (অ্যাটমস্ফিয়ার) | the layer of air around the Earth | air; air layer | — | The water cycle moves water around the Earth's surface and atmosphere. |
| cycle (সাইকেল) | a process that repeats in the same order | circle; sequence | break; interruption | The water cycle moves water around the Earth's surface and atmosphere. |
| vapour (ভেপার) | water in gas form | steam; gas | liquid; ice | Most of the water evaporates due to the heat of the Sun and becomes vapour. |
| puddle (পাডল) | a small pool of water on the ground | pool; pond | dry ground; dryness | After rain, there is a puddle on the ground. |
| evaporates (ইভ্যাপোরেটস) | changes from liquid into vapour | vaporises; dries | condenses; freezes | Water in oceans and rivers evaporates and becomes water vapour. |
| condenses (কনডেনসেস) | changes from vapour into liquid | collects; liquefies | evaporates; vaporises | Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets. |
| clouds (ক্লাউডস) | masses of tiny water droplets in the sky | cloud banks; formations | clear sky; sunshine | Tiny droplets accumulate and form clouds. |
| groundwater (গ্রাউন্ডওয়াটার) | water stored under the ground | underground water; subsurface water | surface water; runoff | Water absorbed into the ground is stored as groundwater. |
| filtration (ফিলট্রেশন) | the process of cleaning water through a filter | filtering; straining | contamination; pollution | Filtration is the process of filtering water with a filter. |
| germs (জার্মস) | tiny organisms that can cause illness | microbes; bacteria | — | Boiling is one of good ways to make water free from germs. |
The dictionary contains 15 words from the chapter.
◆ Key Points
- Water vapour in the air changes into water when it is cooled.
- Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid.
- Heating changes liquid water into water vapour.
- Evaporation is the change of state from a liquid to a gas.
- Cooling changes water into ice when the water freezes.
- The water cycle describes the movement of water around the Earth's surface and atmosphere.
- Water from oceans and rivers evaporates because of the heat of the Sun.
- Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets that form clouds.
- Rainfall may be absorbed into the ground or run off into rivers.
- Water stored under the ground is called groundwater.
- Filtration can clean water, but filtered water still needs to be boiled to remove germs.
- Boiling water for more than twenty minutes in a sealed pot helps kill germs.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| water cycle (WAW-ter SY-kul) | the movement of water around Earth as its state changes (movement of water) | water circulation; water movement | — | The water cycle moves water around the Earth's surface and atmosphere. |
| condensation (kon-den-SAY-shun) | the change of water vapour from a gas into liquid water (gas-to-liquid change) | liquefaction; cooling change | evaporation; vaporisation | Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets. |
| evaporation (ih-vap-uh-RAY-shun) | the change of liquid water into water vapour (liquid-to-gas change) | vaporisation; drying | condensation; freezing | Most of this water evaporates due to the heat of the Sun. |
| dew (DOO) | drops of water formed on cool surfaces at night (night-time droplets) | water drops; moisture | dryness; aridity | The drops of water that form on cool surfaces at night are called dew. |
| vapour (VAY-per) | water in gas form (gaseous water) | steam; gas | liquid; ice | Water changes its state from liquid to vapour. |
| rainfall (RAYN-fawl) | water that falls from clouds as rain (falling rain) | rain; precipitation | drought; dryness | Water from the rainfall either is absorbed into the ground or runs off into rivers. |
| groundwater (GROUND-waw-ter) | water stored under the ground (underground water) | underground water; subsurface water | surface water; runoff | Water absorbed into the ground is stored as groundwater. |
| pollution (puh-LOO-shun) | the addition of harmful substances to water (harmful contamination) | contamination; fouling | cleanliness; purity | Water pollution is harmful for living things. |
| filtration (fil-TRAY-shun) | the process of cleaning water through a filter (filtering process) | filtering; straining | contamination; pollution | Filtration is the process of filtering water with a filter. |
| sedimentation (sed-uh-men-TAY-shun) | a treatment process that removes suspended particles from water (settling process) | settling; particle removal | — | Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water. |
| boiling (BOY-ling) | heating water until it boils (heating treatment) | heating; cooking | cooling; freezing | Boiling is one of good ways to make water free from germs. |
| purification (pyur-uh-fi-KAY-shun) | the treatment of water to make it safe, clean, and acceptable for human use (water treatment) | cleaning; treatment | pollution; contamination | Water purification is a treatment of water to make it safe and clean. |
◆ Key Points
- Water is essential for living things to survive.
- Plants absorb essential nutrients from the soil through their roots with the help of water.
- Animals use water for drinking, digestion, carrying nutrients, and absorbing nutrients.
- Water vapour in the air changes into liquid water through cooling.
- Liquid water changes into water vapour when heat is added.
- When water is cooled, it freezes and becomes ice.
- Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets that form clouds.
- Water from rainfall may be absorbed into the ground or run off into rivers.
- Water stored under the ground is called groundwater.
- Filtration can clean water, but filtered water still needs to be boiled to remove germs.
- Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water.
- Water pollution can be prevented by reducing pesticides and keeping waste and chemicals out of water.
5. Words in Context
Water from rainfall may enter the ground and become groundwater. Heat from the Sun causes evaporation, while cooling causes condensation. Tiny droplets gather to form clouds, and water later returns to Earth.
Unsafe fresh water can be treated by sedimentation and filtration. Finally, boiling helps make the water free from germs.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rainfall (রেইনফল) | Water that falls from clouds as rain | rain; precipitation | drought; dryness | Water from rainfall may be absorbed into the ground. |
| groundwater (গ্রাউন্ডওয়াটার) | Water stored under the ground | underground water; subsurface water | surface water; runoff | Water absorbed into the ground is stored as groundwater. |
| evaporation (ইভ্যাপোরেশন) | The change of liquid water into water vapour | vaporisation; drying | condensation; freezing | Most of this water evaporates due to the heat of the Sun. |
| condensation (কনডেনসেশন) | The change of water vapour from a gas into liquid water | liquefaction; cooling | evaporation; vaporisation | Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets. |
| droplets (ড্রপলেটস) | Very small drops of water | drops; beads | — | Tiny droplets accumulate and form clouds. |
| clouds (ক্লাউডস) | Groups of tiny water droplets in the air | — | — | Tiny droplets accumulate and form clouds. |
| sedimentation (সেডিমেন্টেশন) | A treatment process that removes suspended particles from water | settling; particle removal | — | Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water. |
| filtration (ফিলট্রেশন) | The process of cleaning water through a filter | filtering; straining | contamination; pollution | Filtration is the process of filtering water with a filter. |
| boiling (বয়লিং) | Heating water until it boils | heating; cooking | cooling; freezing | Boiling is one of good ways to make water free from germs. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Instruction: Match each word in Column A with its correct meaning in Column B. Write the correct number beside each letter.
| Column A: Words | Column B: Meanings |
|---|---|
| A. rainfall | 1. the process of cleaning water through a filter |
| B. condensation | 2. water stored under the ground |
| C. pollution | 3. the change of a liquid into vapour |
| D. boiling | 4. harmful substances added to water |
| E. groundwater | 5. water that falls from clouds as rain |
| F. filtration | 6. heating water until it boils |
| G. droplets | 7. very small drops of water |
| H. evaporation | 8. the change of water vapour into liquid water |
| I. sedimentation | 9. a treatment process that removes suspended particles |
| J. purify | 10. to make water safe and clean |
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rainfall (RAIN-fawl) | water that falls from clouds as rain | rain; precipitation | drought; dryness | Water from rainfall may be absorbed into the ground. |
| condensation (kon-den-SAY-shun) | the change of water vapour from a gas into liquid water | liquefaction; cooling | evaporation; vaporisation | Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets. |
| pollution (puh-LOO-shun) | the addition of harmful substances to water | contamination; fouling | cleanliness; purity | Water pollution is harmful for living things. |
| boiling (BOY-ling) | heating water until it boils | heating; cooking | cooling; freezing | Boiling helps make water free from germs. |
| groundwater (GROUND-waw-ter) | water stored under the ground | underground water; subsurface water | surface water; runoff | Water absorbed into the ground is stored as groundwater. |
| filtration (fil-TRAY-shun) | the process of cleaning water through a filter | filtering; straining | contamination; pollution | Filtration is the process of filtering water with a filter. |
| droplets (DROP-lets) | very small drops of water | drops; beads | — | Tiny droplets accumulate and form clouds. |
| evaporation (ih-vap-uh-RAY-shun) | the change of a liquid into vapour | vaporisation; drying | condensation; freezing | Evaporation changes water into water vapour. |
| sedimentation (sed-uh-men-TAY-shun) | a treatment process that removes suspended particles from water | settling; particle removal | — | Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water. |
| purify (PYUR-uh-fy) | to make water safe and clean | clean; filter | pollute; contaminate | It is important to purify water before we drink it. |
Answer Key: A–5, B–8, C–4, D–6, E–2, F–1, G–7, H–3, I–9, J–10.
Worked Example Series
Ex. Match evaporation with its meaning.
Sol: evaporation → the change of a liquid into vapour → Ans. 3
Ex. Match groundwater with its meaning.
Sol: groundwater → water stored under the ground → Ans. 2
Ex. Match filtration with its meaning.
Sol: filtration → the process of cleaning water through a filter → Ans. 1
Ex. Match sedimentation with its meaning.
Sol: sedimentation → a treatment process that removes suspended particles from water → Ans. 9
Ex. Match purify with its meaning.
Sol: purify → to make water safe and clean → Ans. 10
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Instruction: Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word once.
Word Bank: surrounded · rainfall · survive · absorb · condensation · evaporation · groundwater · pollution · sedimentation · filtration
1. The Earth is ______ by water.
2. ______ is water that falls from clouds.
3. Living things cannot ______ without water.
4. Roots help plants ______ nutrients from the soil.
5. The change of water vapour into water is called ______.
6. The change of liquid water into water vapour is called ______.
7. Water stored under the ground is called ______.
8. The addition of harmful substances to water is called water ______.
9. ______ removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water.
10. ______ is the process of cleaning water through a filter.
Worked Example Series
Ex. Complete: Plants need water to ______.
Sol:
Blank = survive
Sentence = Plants need water to survive. Ans. survive
Blank = survive
Sentence = Plants need water to survive. Ans. survive
Ex. Complete: Plants ______ nutrients from the soil.
Sol:
Blank = absorb
Sentence = Plants absorb nutrients from the soil. Ans. absorb
Blank = absorb
Sentence = Plants absorb nutrients from the soil. Ans. absorb
Ex. Complete: Water vapour changes into water through ______.
Sol:
Blank = condensation
Sentence = Water vapour changes into water through condensation. Ans. condensation
Blank = condensation
Sentence = Water vapour changes into water through condensation. Ans. condensation
Ex. Complete: Water absorbed into the ground is stored as ______.
Sol:
Blank = groundwater
Sentence = Water absorbed into the ground is stored as groundwater. Ans. groundwater
Blank = groundwater
Sentence = Water absorbed into the ground is stored as groundwater. Ans. groundwater
Answer Key
- surrounded
- rainfall
- survive
- absorb
- condensation
- evaporation
- groundwater
- pollution
- sedimentation
- filtration
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Read the words and study their meanings, synonyms and antonyms.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| natural (ন্যাচারাল) | প্রাকৃতিক (existing in nature) | native (দেশীয়); original (আসল) | man-made (মানবসৃষ্ট) | Rainfall is a natural source of water. বৃষ্টিপাত পানির একটি প্রাকৃতিক উৎস। |
| source (সোর্স) | উৎস (a place from which something comes) | origin (উৎপত্তিস্থল); supply (সরবরাহ) | — | A river is a source of water. একটি নদী পানির উৎস। |
| rainfall (রেইনফল) | বৃষ্টিপাত (rain falling from clouds) | rain (বৃষ্টি); precipitation (বৃষ্টিপাত) | — | We get water from rainfall. আমরা বৃষ্টিপাত থেকে পানি পাই। |
| surrounded (সারাউন্ডেড) | বেষ্টিত (having something on all sides) | enclosed (ঘেরা); encircled (বেষ্টিত) | — | We are surrounded by water. আমরা পানি দ্বারা বেষ্টিত। |
| absorb (অ্যাবজর্ভ) | শোষণ করা (to take in) | take in (গ্রহণ করা); receive (পাওয়া) | release (ছেড়ে দেওয়া); give out (বের করে দেওয়া) | Plants absorb nutrients from the soil with the help of water. পানি গাছকে মাটি থেকে পুষ্টি শোষণ করতে সাহায্য করে। |
| transport (ট্রান্সপোর্ট) | পরিবহন করা (to carry from one place to another) | carry (বহন করা); move (সরানো) | stop (থামানো); hold (ধরে রাখা) | Plants use water to transport nutrients to other parts. গাছ পানি ব্যবহার করে অন্যান্য অংশে পুষ্টি পরিবহন করে। |
| evaporation (ইভ্যাপোরেশন) | বাষ্পীভবন (the change of a liquid into vapour) | vaporisation (বাষ্পে পরিণত হওয়া); drying (শুকিয়ে যাওয়া) | condensation (ঘনীভবন) | Evaporation changes water into water vapour. বাষ্পীভবন পানিকে জলীয় বাষ্পে পরিবর্তন করে। |
| condensation (কনডেনসেশন) | ঘনীভবন (the change of a gas into a liquid) | cooling (ঠান্ডা হওয়া); changing into water (পানিতে পরিবর্তিত হওয়া) | evaporation (বাষ্পীভবন) | Condensation changes gas into liquid. ঘনীভবন গ্যাসকে তরলে পরিবর্তন করে। |
| prevent (প্রিভেন্ট) | প্রতিরোধ করা (to stop something from happening) | stop (থামানো); reduce (কমানো) | cause (ঘটানো); increase (বাড়ানো) | We can prevent water pollution by reducing the use of pesticides. কীটনাশকের ব্যবহার কমিয়ে আমরা পানি দূষণ প্রতিরোধ করতে পারি। |
| purify (পিউরিফাই) | বিশুদ্ধ করা (to make water safe and clean) | clean (পরিষ্কার করা); filter (ছাঁকা) | pollute (দূষিত করা); contaminate (দূষিত করা) | It is important to purify water before we drink it. পানি পান করার আগে তা বিশুদ্ধ করা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। |
Exercise: Write a synonym or an antonym as directed.
- Write a synonym of natural.
- Write an antonym of natural.
- Write a synonym of rainfall.
- Write a synonym of absorb.
- Write an antonym of absorb.
- Write a synonym of transport.
- Write an antonym of evaporation.
- Write a synonym of prevent.
- Write an antonym of prevent.
- Write a synonym of purify.
Answer Key: 1. native; 2. man-made; 3. rain; 4. take in; 5. release; 6. carry; 7. condensation; 8. stop; 9. cause; 10. clean.
Ex. Find a synonym of natural.
Sol: natural → existing in nature → synonym: native → Ans. native
Ex. Find an antonym of natural.
Sol: natural → existing in nature → opposite: man-made → Ans. man-made
Ex. Find a synonym of absorb.
Sol: absorb → to take in → synonym: take in → Ans. take in
Ex. Find an antonym of evaporation.
Sol: evaporation → the change of a liquid into vapour → opposite process: condensation → Ans. condensation
Ex. Find a synonym of purify.
Sol: purify → to make water safe and clean → synonym: clean → Ans. clean
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Read the words and write meaningful sentences with them.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| droplets (DROP-lets) | small drops of water | drops (small drops); beads (small drops) | — | Tiny droplets gathered on the cool glass. |
| condensation (kon-den-SAY-shuhn) | the change of a gas into a liquid | cooling (becoming cool); changing into water (becoming water) | evaporation (change of liquid into vapour) | Condensation forms water drops on a cold surface. |
| evaporation (ih-vap-uh-RAY-shuhn) | the change of a liquid into vapour | vaporisation (changing into vapour); drying (becoming dry) | condensation (change of gas into liquid) | Evaporation makes the puddle disappear after some time. |
| survive (ser-VYV) | to continue to live | live (remain alive); exist (continue to be) | die (stop living); perish (die) | Fish need clean water to survive. |
| nutrients (NOO-tree-uhnts) | substances needed for growth and health | nourishment (food for growth); food (something needed for growth) | — | Water carries nutrients to all parts of the body. |
| transport (TRAN-sport) | to carry something from one place to another | carry (take from one place to another); move (take to another place) | stop (not move); hold (keep in one place) | Roots use water to transport nutrients to the stems. |
| pollution (puh-LOO-shuhn) | the addition of harmful substances to water | contamination (making unsafe); dirt (harmful waste) | cleanliness (freedom from harmful substances); safety (freedom from harm) | Plastic waste increases pollution in rivers. |
| purify (PYUR-uh-fy) | to make water safe and clean | clean (make free from dirt); filter (clean through a filter) | pollute (make harmful); contaminate (make unsafe) | We must purify unsafe water before using it for cooking. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Make a sentence with droplets.
Sol: Word = droplets
Idea = small drops of water on a cool surface
Sentence = Tiny droplets gathered on the cool glass. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with condensation.
Sol: Word = condensation
Idea = gas changing into liquid on a cold surface
Sentence = Condensation forms water drops on a cold surface. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with evaporation.
Sol: Word = evaporation
Idea = liquid changing into vapour because of heat
Sentence = Evaporation makes the puddle disappear after some time. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with survive.
Sol: Word = survive
Idea = continue to live with water
Sentence = Fish need clean water to survive. Ans.
Ex. Make a sentence with purify.
Sol: Word = purify
Idea = make unsafe water safe and clean
Sentence = We must purify unsafe water before using it for cooking. Ans.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Meanings of Key Words
1. What does droplets mean in the chapter?
A. Large clouds
B. Small drops of water
C. Suspended particles
D. Water vapour
Sol: [B] Droplets are small drops of water.
2. Which word means “the change of a gas to a liquid”?
A. Evaporation
B. Boiling
C. Condensation
D. Sedimentation
Sol: [C] Condensation changes water vapour into liquid water through cooling.
3. What is the meaning of transport?
A. To carry from one place to another
B. To make water safe
C. To change liquid into gas
D. To remove germs
Sol: [A] Plants use water to transport nutrients to the stems and other parts.
Water-Cycle Processes
4. When heat is added to water, which process changes it into water vapour?
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Sedimentation
D. Filtration
Sol: [B] Evaporation is the change of liquid water into water vapour due to heat.
5. A cold glass becomes wet on its outside. Which word names the process involved?
A. Boiling
B. Evaporation
C. Condensation
D. Transport
Sol: [C] Water vapour cools and forms water drops on the cold surface by condensation.
6. Which word describes heating water until it boils?
A. Boiling
B. Pollution
C. Purifying
D. Condensing
Sol: [A] Boiling means heating water until it boils.
Pollution and Protection
7. What does pollution mean?
A. The addition of harmful substances to water
B. The movement of water around Earth
C. The change of ice into water
D. The settling of sand
Sol: [A] Water pollution is the addition of harmful substances to water.
8. Which action can help prevent water pollution?
A. Throwing plastic into a river
B. Reducing the use of pesticides
C. Washing clothes in a pond
D. Throwing chemicals into water
Sol: [B] Reducing pesticides helps prevent water pollution.
Safe Water and Living Things
9. What does purify mean in the chapter?
A. To make water safe and clean
B. To make water polluted
C. To freeze water
D. To carry nutrients
Sol: [A] Water purification makes unsafe water safe and clean for human use.
10. Which process removes suspended mud and sand from water?
A. Evaporation
B. Condensation
C. Sedimentation
D. Transport
Sol: [C] Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water.
11. Quick Revision List
Review these important chapter words and their uses.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| water (ˈwɔːtə) | The clear liquid needed by living things. | liquid; drink | — | Every living thing needs water for life. |
| natural (ˈnætʃərəl) | Existing in nature. | native; original | artificial; man-made | Rainfall is a natural source of water. |
| rainfall (ˈreɪnfɔːl) | Rain falling from clouds. | rain; precipitation | drought; dryness | Rainfall fills many natural water sources. |
| essential (ɪˈsenʃəl) | Necessary and very important. | necessary; important | unnecessary; unimportant | Clean water is essential for plants and animals. |
| survive (səˈvaɪv) | To continue to live. | live; exist | die; perish | Fish cannot survive in polluted water. |
| absorb (əbˈzɔːb) | To take in. | take in; receive | release; give out | Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil. |
| nutrients (ˈnjuːtriənts) | Substances needed for growth and health. | nourishment; food | — | Water carries nutrients to different parts of a plant. |
| evaporation (ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃən) | The change of a liquid into vapour. | vaporisation; drying | condensation; freezing | Evaporation changes surface water into water vapour. |
| condensation (ˌkɒndenˈseɪʃən) | The change of a gas into a liquid. | cooling; liquefaction | evaporation; vaporisation | Condensation forms droplets on a cold glass. |
| pollution (pəˈluːʃən) | The addition of harmful substances to water. | contamination; fouling | cleanliness; purity | Water pollution harms aquatic animals and people. |
| prevent (prɪˈvent) | To stop something from happening. | stop; reduce | cause; allow | We can prevent pollution by keeping waste out of water. |
| purify (ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ) | To make water safe and clean. | clean; filter | pollute; contaminate | We must purify unsafe water before cooking. |
| sedimentation (ˌsedɪmenˈteɪʃən) | A treatment process that removes suspended particles from water. | settling; deposition | — | Sedimentation allows mud and sand to settle at the bottom. |
| boiling (ˈbɔɪlɪŋ) | Heating water until it boils. | heating; cooking | cooling; freezing | Boiling helps make water free from germs. |
◆ Key Points
- Water is essential for all living things to survive.
- Plants use water to make food and transport nutrients and minerals.
- Plants absorb essential nutrients from the soil through their roots with the help of water.
- Animals need water for drinking, digestion, carrying nutrients, and absorbing nutrients.
- Water vapour changes into liquid water through condensation when it is cooled.
- Liquid water changes into water vapour through evaporation when heat is added.
- Water freezes and becomes ice when it is cooled.
- The water cycle describes the movement of water around the Earth and its atmosphere as water changes state.
- Water vapour cools and condenses into droplets that accumulate to form clouds.
- Water pollution is the addition of harmful substances to water.
- Reducing pesticides and keeping waste and chemicals out of water helps prevent pollution.
- Unsafe fresh water should be purified before drinking or using it for cooking.
- Sedimentation removes suspended particles such as mud and sand from water.
- Boiling helps make water free from germs.
12. Practice Bank
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| surrounded (সারাউন্ডেড) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| droplets (ড্রপলেটস) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| dew (ডিউ) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| cooled (কুল্ড) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| heated (হিটেড) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| puddle (পাডল) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| atmosphere (অ্যাটমস্ফিয়ার) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| accumulate (অ্যাকিউমুলেট) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| groundwater (গ্রাউন্ডওয়াটার) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| filtration (ফিলট্রেশন) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| germs (জার্মস) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
| sealed (সিল্ড) | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ | ________________ |
Hints: Use the chapter context to write a Bengali-led meaning, two or three English synonyms and antonyms where possible, and one suitable sentence with its Bengali translation.