Textual Dictionary
Chapter 1
Our Environment
Elementary Science Class Five (English Version)
Every word below is taken from this chapter, and meanings are given in English.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (in-VY-run-ment) | the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist | surroundings (the things around us) habitat (a place where an animal lives) | — | All living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place form an ecosystem. |
| classify (KLASS-uh-fy) | to arrange things into groups | group (put together) organise (arrange) | mix (put together without groups) | All the things in the environment can be classified into living and non-living things. |
| depend (di-PEND) | to need or rely on something | need (require) rely (trust for support) | independ (not rely) | Human beings depend on non-living things in their life. |
| survive (ser-VYV) | to continue to live | live (remain alive) exist (be alive) | die (stop living) | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. |
| shelter (SHEL-ter) | a place that provides protection or a home | home (a place to live) habitat (a living place) | exposure (being left unprotected) | Birds make their nests on trees, and plants are used as shelter by animals. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-un) | food or nourishment needed for growth and life | food (what living things eat) nourishment (help for growth) | starvation (lack of food) | Human beings need food to get nutrition for survival. |
| ecosystem (EE-koh-sis-tem) | living and non-living things interacting in one place | environment (surroundings) ecological system (interacting system) | — | A food chain shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. |
| pollination (pol-uh-NAY-shun) | the process through which plants make seeds | fertilisation (the process of forming seeds) plant reproduction (making new plants) | — | Birds and bees help plants in their pollination. |
| dispersal (di-SPER-sul) | the transport of seeds away from the parent plant | transport (carry from one place to another) spread (move over an area) | gathering (bringing together) | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. |
| energy (EN-er-jee) | the power needed for living things to live and act | power (strength to act) force (power or strength) | weakness (lack of strength) | Living things need energy for survival. |
Total words: 10
How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter before studying the word list.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say each pronunciation aloud and check it carefully.
- Use the example sentences as models for writing practice.
- Review the synonyms and antonyms to understand each word more clearly.
- Use only words and ideas taken from this chapter.
◆ Key Points
- Environment means the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist.
- Living things include people, animals, and plants.
- Non-living things include soil, water, air, cars, and chairs.
- Living things depend on non-living things for survival.
- An ecosystem contains living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place.
- Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the air to make food.
- Animals depend on plants for food, oxygen, and shelter.
- Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide, nutrients, pollination, and seed dispersal.
- A food chain shows how energy passes from plants to animals.
- Several connected food chains make a food web.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (এনভায়রনমেন্ট) | পরিবেশ (surroundings) | surroundings (চারপাশের বিষয়) habitat (বাসস্থান) | — | All living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place form an ecosystem. একটি স্থানে থাকা ও পারস্পরিক ক্রিয়ায় যুক্ত সব জীবিত ও অজীব বস্তু একটি বাস্তুতন্ত্র গঠন করে। |
| classify (ক্ল্যাসিফাই) | শ্রেণিবদ্ধ করা (arrange into groups) | group (দলে সাজানো) organise (সাজানো) | mix (মিশিয়ে দেওয়া) | All the things in the environment can be classified into living and non-living things. পরিবেশের সবকিছুকে জীবিত ও অজীব বস্তুতে শ্রেণিবদ্ধ করা যায়। |
| depend (ডিপেন্ড) | নির্ভর করা (need or rely on) | need (প্রয়োজন হওয়া) rely (ভরসা করা) | — | Human beings depend on non-living things in their life. মানুষ তার জীবনে অজীব বস্তুর ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | বেঁচে থাকা (continue to live) | live (জীবিত থাকা) exist (অস্তিত্ব থাকা) | die (মারা যাওয়া) | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. উদ্ভিদ বেঁচে থাকার জন্য অজীব বস্তুর ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| shelter (শেল্টার) | আশ্রয় (a protected place) | home (বাসস্থান) habitat (জীবের বাসস্থান) | exposure (অরক্ষিত থাকা) | Birds make their nests on trees, and plants are used as shelter by animals. পাখিরা গাছে বাসা বানায় এবং প্রাণীরা উদ্ভিদকে আশ্রয় হিসেবে ব্যবহার করে। |
| nutrition (নিউট্রিশন) | পুষ্টি (food needed for growth) | food (খাদ্য) nourishment (পুষ্টি) | starvation (অনাহার) | Human beings need food to get nutrition for survival. বেঁচে থাকার জন্য পুষ্টি পেতে মানুষের খাদ্য দরকার। |
| ecosystem (ইকোসিস্টেম) | বাস্তুতন্ত্র (interacting living and non-living system) | environment (পরিবেশ) ecological system (পরিবেশগত ব্যবস্থা) | — | A food chain shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. একটি খাদ্যশৃঙ্খল বাস্তুতন্ত্রে শক্তির প্রবাহ দেখায়। |
| pollination (পলিনেশন) | পরাগায়ন (process through which plants make seeds) | fertilisation (বীজ গঠনের প্রক্রিয়া) plant reproduction (নতুন উদ্ভিদ তৈরি) | — | Birds and bees help plants in their pollination. পাখি ও মৌমাছি উদ্ভিদের পরাগায়নে সাহায্য করে। |
| dispersal (ডিসপার্সাল) | বিস্তার বা ছড়িয়ে পড়া (transport away from the parent plant) | transport (এক স্থান থেকে অন্য স্থানে নেওয়া) spread (ছড়িয়ে দেওয়া) | gathering (একত্র করা) | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. বীজের বিস্তার উদ্ভিদকে নতুন আবাস গড়তে সাহায্য করে। |
| energy (এনার্জি) | শক্তি (power needed to live and act) | power (কাজ করার শক্তি) force (বল বা শক্তি) | weakness (দুর্বলতা) | Living things need energy for survival. জীবিত বস্তুর বেঁচে থাকার জন্য শক্তি দরকার। |
Total words: 10
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| শব্দ (উচ্চারণ) | অর্থ (Meaning) | সমার্থক (Synonyms) | বিপরীত (Antonyms) | উদাহরণ বাক্য (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (এনভায়রনমেন্ট) | পরিবেশ (surroundings) | surroundings (চারপাশের বিষয়) habitat (বাসস্থান) | — | All living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place form an ecosystem. একটি স্থানে থাকা ও পারস্পরিক ক্রিয়ায় যুক্ত সব জীবিত ও অজীব বস্তু একটি বাস্তুতন্ত্র গঠন করে। |
| classify (ক্ল্যাসিফাই) | শ্রেণিবদ্ধ করা (arrange into groups) | group (দলে সাজানো) organise (সাজানো) | mix (মিশিয়ে দেওয়া) | All the things in the environment can be classified into living and non-living things. পরিবেশের সবকিছুকে জীবিত ও অজীব বস্তুতে শ্রেণিবদ্ধ করা যায়। |
| depend (ডিপেন্ড) | নির্ভর করা (need or rely on) | need (প্রয়োজন হওয়া) rely (ভরসা করা) | independ (নির্ভর না করা) | Human beings depend on non-living things in their life. মানুষ তার জীবনে অজীব বস্তুর ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | বেঁচে থাকা (continue to live) | live (জীবিত থাকা) exist (অস্তিত্ব থাকা) | die (মারা যাওয়া) | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. উদ্ভিদ বেঁচে থাকার জন্য অজীব বস্তুর ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| shelter (শেল্টার) | আশ্রয় (a protected place) | home (বাসস্থান) habitat (জীবের বাসস্থান) | exposure (অরক্ষিত থাকা) | Birds make their nests on trees, and plants are used as shelter by animals. পাখিরা গাছে বাসা বানায় এবং প্রাণীরা উদ্ভিদকে আশ্রয় হিসেবে ব্যবহার করে। |
| nutrition (নিউট্রিশন) | পুষ্টি (food needed for growth) | food (খাদ্য) nourishment (পুষ্টি) | starvation (অনাহার) | Human beings need food to get nutrition for survival. বেঁচে থাকার জন্য পুষ্টি পেতে মানুষের খাদ্য দরকার। |
| ecosystem (ইকোসিস্টেম) | বাস্তুতন্ত্র (interacting living and non-living system) | environment (পরিবেশ) ecological system (পরিবেশগত ব্যবস্থা) | — | A food chain shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. একটি খাদ্যশৃঙ্খল বাস্তুতন্ত্রে শক্তির প্রবাহ দেখায়। |
| pollination (পলিনেশন) | পরাগায়ন (process through which plants make seeds) | fertilisation (বীজ গঠনের প্রক্রিয়া) plant reproduction (নতুন উদ্ভিদ তৈরি) | — | Birds and bees help plants in their pollination. পাখি ও মৌমাছি উদ্ভিদের পরাগায়নে সাহায্য করে। |
| dispersal (ডিসপার্সাল) | বিস্তার বা ছড়িয়ে পড়া (transport away from the parent plant) | transport (এক স্থান থেকে অন্য স্থানে নেওয়া) spread (ছড়িয়ে দেওয়া) | gathering (একত্র করা) | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. বীজের বিস্তার উদ্ভিদকে নতুন আবাস গড়তে সাহায্য করে। |
| energy (এনার্জি) | শক্তি (power needed to live and act) | power (কাজ করার শক্তি) force (বল বা শক্তি) | weakness (দুর্বলতা) | Living things need energy for survival. জীবিত বস্তুর বেঁচে থাকার জন্য শক্তি দরকার। |
Total words: 10
◆Key Points
- Environment means the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist.
- People, animals and plants are living things.
- Soil, water, air, cars and chairs are non-living things.
- Living things depend on non-living things for survival.
- Plants need sunlight, air and water to make food.
- An ecosystem contains living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place.
- Animals depend on plants for oxygen, food and shelter.
- Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide, nutrients, pollination and seed dispersal.
- Pollination is the process through which plants make seeds.
- Seed dispersal means the transport of seeds away from the parent plant.
- A food chain shows how energy passes from plants to animals.
- Several connected food chains make a food web.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| relationship (রিলেশনশিপ) | সম্পর্ক (connection between things) | connection (সংযোগ) dependence (নির্ভরতা) | separation (বিচ্ছিন্নতা) | The relationship between living and non-living things is important. জীবিত ও অজীব বস্তুর সম্পর্ক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। |
| sunlight (সানলাইট) | সূর্যের আলো (light from the Sun) | sunshine (রোদ) sun rays (সূর্যের রশ্মি) | darkness (অন্ধকার) | Plants need sunlight to make food. খাদ্য তৈরির জন্য উদ্ভিদের সূর্যের আলো দরকার। |
| breathe (ব্রিদ) | শ্বাস নেওয়া (take air into the body) | inhale (শ্বাস নেওয়া) respire (শ্বাসক্রিয়া চালানো) | stop breathing (শ্বাস বন্ধ করা) | Human beings need air to breathe. শ্বাস নেওয়ার জন্য মানুষের বাতাস দরকার। |
| furniture (ফার্নিচার) | আসবাবপত্র (objects used in a home) | household items (গৃহস্থালির জিনিস) fittings (সাজসজ্জার সামগ্রী) | — | Human beings need furniture to live. বেঁচে থাকার জন্য মানুষের আসবাবপত্র দরকার। |
| appliance (অ্যাপ্লায়েন্স) | গৃহস্থালির যন্ত্র (a device used at home) | device (যন্ত্র) equipment (সরঞ্জাম) | — | Human beings need appliances to live. বেঁচে থাকার জন্য মানুষের গৃহস্থালির যন্ত্র দরকার। |
| crops (ক্রপস) | ফসল (plants grown for use) | plants (উদ্ভিদ) produce (উৎপাদিত ফসল) | — | Human beings use soil for growing crops. মানুষ ফসল ফলানোর জন্য মাটি ব্যবহার করে। |
| carbon dioxide (কার্বন ডাইঅক্সাইড) | কার্বন ডাইঅক্সাইড (a gas used by plants to make food) | — | — | Plants use carbon dioxide from the air to make food. উদ্ভিদ খাদ্য তৈরির জন্য বাতাসের কার্বন ডাইঅক্সাইড ব্যবহার করে। |
| fertilisers (ফার্টিলাইজার্স) | সার (materials that help plants grow) | plant food (উদ্ভিদের খাদ্য) soil nutrients (মাটির পুষ্টি) | — | The remains of animals become fertilisers in the soil. প্রাণীদের অবশেষ মাটিতে সারে পরিণত হয়। |
| nutrients (নিউট্রিয়েন্টস) | পুষ্টি উপাদান (substances needed for growth) | nutrition (পুষ্টি) nourishment (পুষ্টিদান) | starvation (অনাহার) | Plants depend on animals for nutrients. উদ্ভিদ পুষ্টি উপাদানের জন্য প্রাণীদের ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| mutual (মিউচুয়াল) | পারস্পরিক (shared by two sides) | shared (ভাগ করা) common (সাধারণ) | one-sided (একতরফা) | Plants and animals have mutual dependence. উদ্ভিদ ও প্রাণীর পারস্পরিক নির্ভরতা রয়েছে। |
| remains (রিমেইনস) | অবশেষ (parts left after something dies) | leftovers (অবশিষ্ট অংশ) dead parts (মৃত অংশ) | whole body (সম্পূর্ণ দেহ) | When animals die, their remains become fertilisers in the soil. প্রাণীরা মারা গেলে তাদের অবশেষ মাটিতে সারে পরিণত হয়। |
| colonies (কলোনিজ) | উপনিবেশ বা নতুন আবাস (groups living in a place) | groups (দল) communities (সমাজ বা গোষ্ঠী) | isolation (বিচ্ছিন্নতা) | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. বীজের বিস্তার উদ্ভিদকে নতুন আবাস গড়তে সাহায্য করে। |
| sequence (সিকোয়েন্স) | ক্রম (order in which things happen) | order (ক্রম) series (ধারা) | disorder (অব্যবস্থা) | The sequence of food energy begins with green plants. খাদ্যশক্তির ক্রম সবুজ উদ্ভিদ দিয়ে শুরু হয়। |
| directly (ডাইরেক্টলি) | সরাসরি (in a direct way) | straightly (সরাসরি) immediately (তাৎক্ষণিকভাবে) | indirectly (পরোক্ষভাবে) | Some animals depend directly on plants for energy. কিছু প্রাণী শক্তির জন্য সরাসরি উদ্ভিদের ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| indirectly (ইনডাইরেক্টলি) | পরোক্ষভাবে (in an indirect way) | indirectly related (পরোক্ষভাবে সম্পর্কিত) through another thing (অন্য কিছুর মাধ্যমে) | directly (সরাসরি) | All animals depend directly or indirectly on plants for energy. সব প্রাণী শক্তির জন্য সরাসরি বা পরোক্ষভাবে উদ্ভিদের ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
◆ Key Points
- Living things and non-living things have a relationship in the environment.
- Plants need sunlight, air and water to make their own food.
- Human beings use soil for growing crops and land for building shelter.
- Animals use soil and water as habitats.
- Plants use carbon dioxide from the air to make food.
- Animals get oxygen, food and shelter from plants.
- Plants depend on animals for nutrients, pollination and seed dispersal.
- Animal remains can become fertilisers in the soil.
- Seed dispersal carries seeds away from the parent plant.
- A food chain shows the sequence through which energy passes from plants to animals.
Total words in this section: 15
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (in-VY-run-ment) | The surroundings in which living and non-living things exist. | surroundings; habitat | — | The environment contains living and non-living things. |
| ecosystem (EE-koh-sis-tem) | All living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place. | environment; food web | — | A pond can be an ecosystem where plants and animals live. |
| habitat (HAB-i-tat) | A place where an animal or plant lives. | home; shelter | — | Water is the habitat of fish and prawn. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-un) | Food needed for growth and survival. | food; nourishment | starvation | Human beings need food to get nutrition. |
| pollination (pol-uh-NAY-shun) | The process through which plants make seeds. | fertilisation; plant reproduction | — | Bees help plants in pollination. |
| seed dispersal (seed di-SPER-sul) | The transport of seeds away from the parent plant. | transport; spread | gathering | Seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies. |
| food chain (food chayn) | The sequence through which energy passes from plants to animals. | energy flow; sequence | — | A food chain begins with green plants. |
| food web (food web) | Several connected food chains in an ecosystem. | connected food chains; ecosystem | — | A food web shows several food chains connected together. |
| mutual dependence (MYOO-choo-uhl di-PEND-ens) | A relationship in which plants and animals depend on each other. | dependence; relationship | independence | Plants and animals show mutual dependence in the environment. |
| fertilisers (FUR-tuh-ly-zers) | Materials in the soil that help plants grow. | nutrients; plant food | — | Animal remains become fertilisers in the soil. |
◆ Key Points
- Living things include people, animals, and plants.
- Non-living things include soil, water, air, cars, and chairs.
- Living things depend on non-living things for survival.
- Plants need sunlight, air, and water to make food.
- Plants use carbon dioxide from the air to make food.
- Animals depend on plants for oxygen, food, and shelter.
- Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide, nutrients, pollination, and seed dispersal.
- Animal remains can become fertilisers in the soil.
- A food chain begins with green plants.
- Several connected food chains make a food web.
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully. The bold words are important terms from the chapter and show how living and non-living things are connected in the environment.
All living and non-living things in one place form an ecosystem. We can classify them into living and non-living things. Living things depend on air, water, soil, sunlight and food to survive. Plants use these non-living things to make food, while animals use plants for food, oxygen and shelter. Human beings need food to get nutrition. Plants and animals also help each other through pollination and seed dispersal. In a food chain, energy passes from plants to animals.
Use the table to review each word in its chapter context. Then read the example sentences aloud and use the words in your own sentences about the environment.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (in-VY-run-ment) | The surroundings in which living and non-living things exist. | surroundings; habitat | — | The environment contains living and non-living things. |
| classify (KLASS-uh-fy) | To arrange things into groups. | group; organise | mix | We can classify things into living and non-living things. |
| depend (di-PEND) | To need or rely on something. | need; rely | — | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. |
| survive (ser-VYV) | To continue to live. | live; exist | die | Living things need air and water to survive. |
| shelter (SHEL-ter) | A place that provides protection or a home. | home; habitat | exposure | Birds make their nests on trees, and plants are used as shelter by animals. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-un) | Food or nourishment needed for growth and life. | food; nourishment | starvation | Human beings need food to get nutrition for survival. |
| ecosystem (EE-koh-sis-tem) | Living and non-living things interacting in one place. | environment; food web | — | A pond can be an ecosystem where plants and animals live. |
| pollination (pol-uh-NAY-shun) | The process through which plants make seeds. | fertilisation; plant reproduction | — | Birds and bees help plants in their pollination. |
| dispersal (di-SPER-sul) | The transport of seeds away from the parent plant. | transport; spread | gathering | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. |
| energy (EN-er-jee) | The power needed for living things to live and act. | power; force | weakness | Living things need energy for survival. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in the first column with its correct meaning from the shuffled meanings in the second column. Use the answer key to check your work.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (এনভায়রনমেন্ট) | A. The transport of seeds away from the parent plant. | surroundings; habitat | — | The environment contains living and non-living things. |
| classify (ক্ল্যাসিফাই) | B. The power needed for living things to live and act. | group; organise | mix | We can classify things into living and non-living things. |
| depend (ডিপেন্ড) | C. A place that provides protection or a home. | need; rely | independ | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | D. The surroundings in which living and non-living things exist. | live; exist | die | Living things need air and water to survive. |
| shelter (শেল্টার) | E. Food or nourishment needed for growth and life. | home; habitat | exposure | Birds make their nests on trees for shelter. |
| nutrition (নিউট্রিশন) | F. To arrange things into groups. | food; nourishment | starvation | Human beings need food to get nutrition. |
| ecosystem (ইকোসিস্টেম) | G. Living and non-living things interacting in one place. | environment; ecological system | — | A pond can be an ecosystem where plants and animals live. |
| pollination (পলিনেশন) | H. The process through which plants make seeds. | fertilisation; plant reproduction | — | Birds and bees help plants in pollination. |
| dispersal (ডিসপার্সাল) | I. To need or rely on something. | transport; spread | gathering | Seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies. |
| energy (এনার্জি) | J. To continue to live. | power; force | weakness | Living things need energy for survival. |
Answer Key
environment — D; classify — F; depend — I; survive — J; shelter — C; nutrition — E; ecosystem — G; pollination — H; dispersal — A; energy — B.
environment — D; classify — F; depend — I; survive — J; shelter — C; nutrition — E; ecosystem — G; pollination — H; dispersal — A; energy — B.
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Instructions: Fill in each blank with the correct word from the word bank. Use each word once.
Word Bank: classify · depend · dispersal · ecosystem · energy · habitat · nutrition · pollination · shelter · sunlight
- A pond with plants and animals can be an __________.
- Water lily uses water as its __________.
- Plants need __________ to make their own food.
- Living things need __________ for survival.
- Human beings need food to get __________ for survival.
- Birds and bees help plants in __________.
- Seed __________ helps plants create new colonies.
- Animals use plants for __________.
- All the things in the environment can be __________ into living and non-living things.
- Plants __________ on non-living things to survive.
Answer Key: 1. ecosystem; 2. habitat; 3. sunlight; 4. energy; 5. nutrition; 6. pollination; 7. dispersal; 8. shelter; 9. classified; 10. depend
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Study the words, meanings, synonyms and antonyms. Then complete the worked examples.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (এনভায়রনমেন্ট) | the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist | surroundings (things around us); habitat (living place) | — | All living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place form an ecosystem. |
| classify (ক্ল্যাসিফাই) | to arrange things into groups | group (put together); organise (arrange) | mix (put together without groups) | All the things in the environment can be classified into living and non-living things. |
| depend (ডিপেন্ড) | to need or rely on something | need (require); rely (trust for support) | independ (not rely) | Human beings depend on non-living things in their life. |
| survive (সারভাইভ) | to continue to live | live (remain alive); exist (be alive) | die (stop living) | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. |
| shelter (শেল্টার) | a place that provides protection or a home | home (place to live); habitat (living place) | exposure (being left unprotected) | Birds make their nests on trees, and plants are used as shelter by animals. |
| nutrition (নিউট্রিশন) | food or nourishment needed for growth and life | food (what living things eat); nourishment (help for growth) | starvation (lack of food) | Human beings need food to get nutrition for survival. |
| ecosystem (ইকোসিস্টেম) | living and non-living things interacting in one place | environment (surroundings); ecological system (interacting system) | — | A food chain shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. |
| pollination (পলিনেশন) | the process through which plants make seeds | fertilisation (process of forming seeds); plant reproduction (making new plants) | — | Birds and bees help plants in their pollination. |
| dispersal (ডিসপার্সাল) | the transport of seeds away from the parent plant | transport (carry from one place to another); spread (move over an area) | gathering (bringing together) | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. |
| energy (এনার্জি) | the power needed for living things to live and act | power (strength to act); force (power or strength) | weakness (lack of strength) | Living things need energy for survival. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. 1 Write a synonym of survive.
Sol: survive = continue to live
synonym = live
Ans. live
synonym = live
Ans. live
Ex. 2 Write an antonym of classify.
Sol: classify = arrange things into groups
antonym = mix
Ans. mix
antonym = mix
Ans. mix
Ex. 3 Write a synonym of shelter.
Sol: shelter = a protected place
synonym = home
Ans. home
synonym = home
Ans. home
Ex. 4 Write an antonym of dispersal.
Sol: dispersal = transport away from the parent plant
antonym = gathering
Ans. gathering
antonym = gathering
Ans. gathering
Ex. 5 Write a synonym of energy.
Sol: energy = power needed to live and act
synonym = power
Ans. power
synonym = power
Ans. power
Answer Key: 1. live; 2. mix; 3. home; 4. gathering; 5. power.
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Read each word and write a meaningful sentence about the environment.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (in-VY-run-ment) | the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist | surroundings; habitat | — | A healthy environment supports living things. |
| classify (KLASS-uh-fy) | to arrange things into groups | group; organise | mix | We classify things as living and non-living. |
| depend (di-PEND) | to need or rely on something | need; rely | — | Animals depend on plants for food. |
| survive (ser-VYV) | to continue to live | live; exist | die | Plants need sunlight to survive. |
| shelter (SHEL-ter) | a place that provides protection or a home | home; habitat | exposure | Birds find shelter in trees. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-un) | food or nourishment needed for growth and life | food; nourishment | starvation | Food gives human beings nutrition. |
| pollination (pol-uh-NAY-shun) | the process through which plants make seeds | fertilisation; plant reproduction | — | Bees help plants in pollination. |
| dispersal (di-SPER-sul) | the transport of seeds away from the parent plant | transport; spread | gathering | Seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies. |
Write one sentence for each word:
- environment
- classify
- depend
- survive
- shelter
- nutrition
- pollination
- dispersal
Worked Example Series
Ex. Make a sentence with environment.
Sol:
Word = environment
Idea = surroundings of living and non-living things
Sentence = The environment contains living and non-living things.
Ans. The environment contains living and non-living things.
Sol:
Word = environment
Idea = surroundings of living and non-living things
Sentence = The environment contains living and non-living things.
Ans. The environment contains living and non-living things.
Ex. Make a sentence with depend.
Sol:
Word = depend
Idea = need support from plants
Sentence = Animals depend on plants for food.
Ans. Animals depend on plants for food.
Sol:
Word = depend
Idea = need support from plants
Sentence = Animals depend on plants for food.
Ans. Animals depend on plants for food.
Ex. Make a sentence with shelter.
Sol:
Word = shelter
Idea = a protected place
Sentence = Some animals use plants as shelter.
Ans. Some animals use plants as shelter.
Sol:
Word = shelter
Idea = a protected place
Sentence = Some animals use plants as shelter.
Ans. Some animals use plants as shelter.
Ex. Make a sentence with pollination.
Sol:
Word = pollination
Idea = plants make seeds
Sentence = Birds help plants in pollination.
Ans. Birds help plants in pollination.
Sol:
Word = pollination
Idea = plants make seeds
Sentence = Birds help plants in pollination.
Ans. Birds help plants in pollination.
Ex. Make a sentence with dispersal.
Sol:
Word = dispersal
Idea = seeds move away from the parent plant
Sentence = Seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies.
Ans. Seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies.
Sol:
Word = dispersal
Idea = seeds move away from the parent plant
Sentence = Seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies.
Ans. Seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies.
Total words: 8
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (en-VY-run-ment) | the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist | surroundings; habitat | — | All living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place form an ecosystem. |
| classify (KLASS-uh-fy) | to arrange things into groups | group; organise | mix | All the things in the environment can be classified into living and non-living things. |
| depend (di-PEND) | to need or rely on something | need; rely | independent | Human beings depend on non-living things in their life. |
| survive (ser-VYV) | to continue to live | live; exist | die | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. |
| shelter (SHEL-ter) | a place that provides protection or a home | home; habitat | exposure | Birds make their nests on trees, and plants are used as shelter by animals. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-un) | food or nourishment needed for growth and life | food; nourishment | starvation | Human beings need food to get nutrition for survival. |
| ecosystem (EE-koh-sis-tem) | living and non-living things interacting in one place | environment; ecological system | — | A food chain shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. |
| pollination (pol-uh-NAY-shun) | the process through which plants make seeds | fertilisation; plant reproduction | — | Birds and bees help plants in their pollination. |
| dispersal (di-SPER-sul) | the transport of seeds away from the parent plant | transport; spread | gathering | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. |
| energy (EN-er-jee) | the power needed for living things to live and act | power; force | weakness | Living things need energy for survival. |
Practice Questions
Meanings and Synonyms
1. What does classify mean?
A. To arrange things into groupsB. To continue to liveC. To need foodD. To move seeds
Sol: [A] Classify means to arrange things into groups.2. Which word is a synonym of shelter?
A. exposureB. homeC. starvationD. weakness
Sol: [B] A home is a place to live, like a shelter.Word Use in Context
3. Human beings ______ on air, water, and food for survival.
A. dependB. classifyC. disperseD. pollinate
Sol: [A] People need or rely on these non-living things.4. Birds make nests in trees to find ______.
A. nutritionB. shelterC. dispersalD. weakness
Sol: [B] Shelter provides protection or a home.5. Birds and bees help plants in ______.
A. pollinationB. starvationC. exposureD. classification
Sol: [A] Pollination is the process through which plants make seeds.Opposites and Processes
6. Which word is an antonym of survive?
A. liveB. existC. dieD. depend
Sol: [C] To survive means to continue to live; to die means to stop living.7. What is the opposite of dispersal?
A. gatheringB. transportC. spreadD. movement
Sol: [A] Dispersal carries seeds away, while gathering brings things together.Environment and Energy
8. Which set contains only non-living things mentioned in the chapter?
A. Soil, water, and airB. People, animals, and plantsC. Plants, soil, and animalsD. Birds, bees, and trees
Sol: [A] Soil, water, and air are listed as non-living things.9. What does an ecosystem contain?
A. Only plantsB. Only animalsC. Living and non-living things interacting in one placeD. Only food chains
Sol: [C] An ecosystem is formed by living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place.10. Which word means the power needed for living things to live and act?
A. nutritionB. energyC. shelterD. habitat
Sol: [B] Energy is the power needed for living things to live and act.11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| environment (in-VY-run-ment) | the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist (surroundings) | surroundings (the things around us); habitat (a place where an animal lives) | — | All living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place form an ecosystem. All living and non-living things in one place form an ecosystem. |
| classify (KLASS-uh-fy) | to arrange things into groups (arrange into groups) | group (put together); organise (arrange) | mix (put together without groups) | All the things in the environment can be classified into living and non-living things. The things in the environment can be classified into two groups. |
| depend (di-PEND) | to need or rely on something (need or rely on) | need (require); rely (trust for support) | independent (not rely) | Human beings depend on non-living things in their life. Plants depend on non-living things to survive. |
| survive (ser-VYV) | to continue to live (remain alive) | live (remain alive); exist (be alive) | die (stop living) | Plants depend on non-living things to survive. Living things need support to survive. |
| shelter (SHEL-ter) | a place that provides protection or a home (a protected place) | home (a place to live); habitat (a living place) | exposure (being left unprotected) | Birds make their nests on trees, and plants are used as shelter by animals. Animals use plants for shelter. |
| nutrition (noo-TRISH-un) | food or nourishment needed for growth and life (food needed for growth) | food (what living things eat); nourishment (help for growth) | starvation (lack of food) | Human beings need food to get nutrition for survival. Food gives human beings nutrition for survival. |
| ecosystem (EE-koh-sis-tem) | living and non-living things interacting in one place (interacting system) | environment (surroundings); ecological system (interacting system) | — | A food chain shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Living and non-living things interact in an ecosystem. |
| pollination (pol-uh-NAY-shun) | the process through which plants make seeds (plant reproduction) | fertilisation (the process of forming seeds); plant reproduction (making new plants) | — | Birds and bees help plants in their pollination. Animals help plants in pollination. |
| dispersal (di-SPER-sul) | the transport of seeds away from the parent plant (moving seeds away) | transport (carry from one place to another); spread (move over an area) | gathering (bringing together) | Seed dispersal helps plants to create new colonies. Seed dispersal moves seeds away from the parent plant. |
| energy (EN-er-jee) | the power needed for living things to live and act (power needed to live and act) | power (strength to act); force (power or strength) | weakness (lack of strength) | Living things need energy for survival. Plants get energy from the Sun. |
Total words: 10
◆ Key Points
- The environment includes the surroundings in which living and non-living things exist.
- People, animals, and plants are living things.
- Soil, water, air, cars, and chairs are non-living things.
- Human beings depend on air, water, food, soil, and land for life.
- Animals depend on air, water, food, soil, and water for survival and habitat.
- Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the air to make food.
- An ecosystem contains living and non-living things that exist and interact in one place.
- Animals depend on plants for oxygen, food, and shelter.
- Plants depend on animals for carbon dioxide, nutrients, pollination, and seed dispersal.
- Pollination enables plants to make seeds.
- Seed dispersal transports seeds away from the parent plant and helps plants create new colonies.
- A food chain begins with green plants and shows energy passing from plants to animals.
- Several connected food chains make a food web.
12. Practice Bank
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| relationship (রিলেশনশিপ) | সম্পর্ক (connection between things) | connection (সংযোগ); link (যোগসূত্র) | separation (বিচ্ছিন্নতা); difference (পার্থক্য) | The relationship between living and non-living things is important. জীবিত ও অজীব বস্তুর মধ্যে সম্পর্ক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। |
| breathe (ব্রিদ) | শ্বাস নেওয়া (take air into the body) | inhale (শ্বাস নেওয়া); respire (শ্বাসক্রিয়া করা) | — | Human beings need air to breathe. মানুষের শ্বাস নেওয়ার জন্য বায়ু দরকার। |
| sunlight (সানলাইট) | সূর্যের আলো (light from the Sun) | sunshine (সূর্যের আলো); daylight (দিনের আলো) | darkness (অন্ধকার); shadow (ছায়া) | Plants use sunlight to make food. উদ্ভিদ খাদ্য তৈরিতে সূর্যের আলো ব্যবহার করে। |
| carbon dioxide (কার্বন ডাইঅক্সাইড) | কার্বন ডাইঅক্সাইড (a gas used by plants to make food) | CO₂ (কার্বন ডাইঅক্সাইড); plant food gas (উদ্ভিদের খাদ্য তৈরির গ্যাস) | oxygen (অক্সিজেন) | Plants use carbon dioxide from the air to make food. উদ্ভিদ খাদ্য তৈরির জন্য বায়ু থেকে কার্বন ডাইঅক্সাইড ব্যবহার করে। |
| fertilizer (ফার্টিলাইজার) | সার (a substance that helps plants grow) | nutrient (পুষ্টি); plant food (উদ্ভিদের খাদ্য) | — | The remains of animals become fertilizers in the soil. প্রাণীদের অবশেষ মাটিতে সার হয়ে যায়। |
| remains (রিমেইনস) | অবশেষ (what is left after death or use) | leftovers (অবশিষ্টাংশ); residue (অবশেষ) | whole (সম্পূর্ণ); entirety (সমগ্র অংশ) | When animals die, their remains become fertilizers in the soil. প্রাণীরা মারা গেলে তাদের অবশেষ মাটিতে সার হয়ে যায়। |
| growth (গ্রোথ) | বৃদ্ধি (the process of growing) | development (বিকাশ); increase (বৃদ্ধি) | decline (অবনতি); decrease (হ্রাস) | Plants depend on animals for growth. উদ্ভিদ বৃদ্ধির জন্য প্রাণীদের ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| sequence (সিকোয়েন্স) | ক্রম (an order of things) | order (ক্রম); series (ধারা) | disorder (বিশৃঙ্খলা); jumble (এলোমেলো অবস্থা) | The sequence of food energy from plants to animals is called a food chain. উদ্ভিদ থেকে প্রাণীতে খাদ্যশক্তির ক্রমকে খাদ্যশৃঙ্খল বলা হয়। |
| consumer (কনজিউমার) | ভোক্তা (a living thing that eats another living thing) | eater (ভক্ষক); user (ব্যবহারকারী) | producer (উৎপাদক); maker (প্রস্তুতকারী) | An insect is a consumer when it eats a plant. কোনো পোকা উদ্ভিদ খেলে তা ভোক্তা হয়। |
| directly (ডাইরেক্টলি) | সরাসরি (in a direct way) | straightly (সোজাসুজি); immediately (তাৎক্ষণিকভাবে) | indirectly (পরোক্ষভাবে); remotely (দূরবর্তীভাবে) | Some animals depend directly on plants for food. কিছু প্রাণী খাদ্যের জন্য সরাসরি উদ্ভিদের ওপর নির্ভর করে। |
| indirectly (ইনডাইরেক্টলি) | পরোক্ষভাবে (in an indirect way) | indirectly (পরোক্ষভাবে); second-hand (পরোক্ষভাবে প্রাপ্ত) | directly (সরাসরি); openly (প্রকাশ্যভাবে) | Animals may depend indirectly on plants for energy. প্রাণীরা শক্তির জন্য পরোক্ষভাবে উদ্ভিদের ওপর নির্ভর করতে পারে। |
| source (সোর্স) | উৎস (a place or thing from which something comes) | origin (উৎপত্তিস্থল); beginning (সূচনা) | end (শেষ); result (ফলাফল) | The Sun is an original source of energy. সূর্য শক্তির একটি মূল উৎস। |
Creative Question Bank
1. A child observes sunlight, air, soil and a plant near a window.
(a) What kind of thing is sunlight? [2]
(b) Write two non-living things needed by plants. [4]
(c) Explain why the plant should be kept near the window. [4]
(a) What kind of thing is sunlight? [2]
(b) Write two non-living things needed by plants. [4]
(c) Explain why the plant should be kept near the window. [4]
2. A fish lives in water, while an earthworm lives in soil. Both need air and food.
(a) What is meant by habitat? [2]
(b) Describe two needs of animals for survival. [4]
(c) Compare the habitats of the fish and the earthworm. [4]
(a) What is meant by habitat? [2]
(b) Describe two needs of animals for survival. [4]
(c) Compare the habitats of the fish and the earthworm. [4]
3. A bee visits a flower, and later seeds are carried away from the parent plant.
(a) What is pollination? [2]
(b) Name two animals that help plants in pollination. [4]
(c) Explain why seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies. [4]
(a) What is pollination? [2]
(b) Name two animals that help plants in pollination. [4]
(c) Explain why seed dispersal helps plants create new colonies. [4]
4. In a food chain, grasses are eaten by grasshoppers, grasshoppers by frogs, frogs by snakes, and snakes by eagles.
(a) What is a food chain? [2]
(b) Write the first two links of the chain. [4]
(c) Describe how energy passes through this food chain. [4]
(a) What is a food chain? [2]
(b) Write the first two links of the chain. [4]
(c) Describe how energy passes through this food chain. [4]
5. In one ecosystem, a hawk eats a mouse, a squirrel or a frog, while a snake eats a rabbit or a rat.
(a) What is a food web? [2]
(b) Give two examples of connected food chains from the situation. [4]
(c) Explain how a food web is different from a single food chain. [4]
(a) What is a food web? [2]
(b) Give two examples of connected food chains from the situation. [4]
(c) Explain how a food web is different from a single food chain. [4]
Hints: Think about living and non-living things, plant needs, animal dependence, pollination, seed dispersal, food chains and food webs.