CHAPTER 9
Technology in Our Life
Technology in Our Life
Textual Dictionary
The words below are taken from this chapter. Meanings and explanations are given for clear study.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| technology (tek-NOL-uh-jee) | The practical application of science to solve problems in life. | tool (an instrument) product (something made) | — | Technology innovates products, tools, and processes that improve human life. Technology creates useful products and processes. |
| observation (ob-zur-VAY-shun) | Careful watching of things or events to notice what happens. | study (careful learning) watching (looking carefully) | — | By observing the world around us, we can notice phenomena. |
| hypothesis (hy-POTH-uh-sis) | A guess made from previous knowledge to answer a question. | guess (an expected answer) idea (a thought) | fact (something known to be true) | By using previous knowledge, scientists make a hypothesis. |
| experiment (ek-SPAIR-uh-ment) | A planned test used to check whether a hypothesis is true. | test (a way of checking) investigation (careful examination) | — | Scientists design an experiment and record the results. |
| conclusion (kun-KLOO-zhun) | A summary made after studying the results of an experiment. | result (what is found) summary (a short account) | question (something asked) | Scientists analyze the collected data and summarize the results in a conclusion. |
| agriculture (AG-ri-kul-chur) | The field concerned with growing crops and producing food. | farming (growing crops) cultivation (growing plants) | — | People have developed agricultural technology to meet the demand for food. |
| productive (pruh-DUK-tiv) | Able to produce a large amount of useful food or work. | useful (having value) fruitful (producing good results) | wasteful (using without good results) | Agricultural biotechnology can make plants more productive. |
| pollution (puh-LOO-shun) | Harmful contamination of air, soil, or water. | contamination (making something harmful) damage (harm) | cleanliness (freedom from dirt) | Burning coal can cause air pollution. |
Total words: 8
1. How to Use This Sheet
Learner Checklist
- Read the chapter before studying this sheet.
- Read each English word aloud and notice its pronunciation.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself.
- Compare each word with its synonyms and antonyms.
- Use the example sentences for writing practice.
- Review the key points and explain them in your own words.
Textual Dictionary
These words are taken from the chapter. Study their meanings, related words and uses.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| technology (টেকনোলজি) | The practical application of science to solve problems in life. | tool; product | — | Technology applies science knowledge to create useful products. |
| observation (অবজারভেশন) | Careful watching of things or events to notice what happens. | study; watching | — | Observation helps us notice phenomena around us. |
| hypothesis (হাইপথিসিস) | A guess based on previous knowledge to answer a question. | guess; idea | fact | A hypothesis is written before an experiment. |
| experiment (এক্সপেরিমেন্ট) | A planned test used to check whether a hypothesis is true. | test; investigation | — | An experiment collects and records results. |
| conclusion (কনক্লুশন) | A summary made after studying the results of an experiment. | result; summary | question | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. |
| agriculture (অ্যাগ্রিকালচার) | The field concerned with growing crops and producing food. | farming; cultivation | — | Agriculture uses technology to produce food. |
| productive (প্রোডাক্টিভ) | Able to produce a large amount of useful food or work. | useful; fruitful | wasteful | Biotechnology can make crops more productive. |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | Harmful contamination of air, soil or water. | contamination; damage | cleanliness | Chemical use can cause soil and water pollution. |
Total words: 8
◆ Key Points
- Science is the knowledge or study of the natural world.
- Science uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena.
- Technology is the practical application of science to solve problems in life.
- Technology creates products, tools and processes that improve human life.
- Science and technology have different purposes but are closely related.
- Scientists use technology such as telescopes and microscopes when studying the natural world.
- Agricultural technology includes mechanical technology, chemical technology and biotechnology.
- Mechanical technology helps produce much food in a short period of time.
- Chemical fertilisers and pesticides can increase production but may cause soil and water pollution.
- Biotechnology can make plants more nutritious, more resistant to pests and more productive.
- Burning coal can cause air pollution and may have harmful effects on the environment.
- Using television or a computer for more than one hour at a stretch can be harmful to health.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| technology (tek-NOL-uh-jee) | The practical application of science to solve problems in life. | tool; product | — | Technology improves the quality of human life. |
| science (SAI-uhns) | The knowledge or study of the natural world. | knowledge; study | — | Science explains natural phenomena. |
| knowledge (NOL-ij) | Information or understanding gained through study and observation. | understanding; study | ignorance | Scientific knowledge can be applied to technology. |
| transportation (trans-por-TAY-shun) | The movement of people or goods from one place to another. | travel; movement | stoppage | Technology is used in transportation. |
| medical (MED-i-kul) | Related to the care and treatment of health. | health; treatment | — | Technology is used in medical care. |
| agriculture (AG-ri-kul-chur) | The field concerned with growing crops and producing food. | farming; cultivation | — | Agriculture uses different types of technology. |
| house (hows) | A building used as a place for people to live. | home; building | — | Science knowledge is used in the house. |
| electricity (ee-lek-TRIS-i-tee) | A form of energy used to operate many devices. | power; energy | — | Scientists have studied electricity. |
| energy (EN-ur-jee) | The power needed to produce activity or change. | power; force | weakness | A television uses energy to work. |
| transformation (trans-for-MAY-shun) | A change from one form into another. | change; conversion | stability | Energy transformation is used in a television. |
| light (lite) | A form of energy that makes objects visible. | brightness; illumination | darkness | Light is one kind of science knowledge used in a television. |
| sound (sownd) | A form of energy that can be heard. | noise; tone | silence | Sound helps a television communicate information. |
| heat (heet) | A form of energy connected with warmth. | warmth; thermal energy | cold | Heat is included in the science knowledge used for a television. |
| observation (ob-zur-VAY-shun) | Careful watching of things or events to notice what happens. | study; watching | neglect | Observation helps scientists study the natural world. |
| phenomena (fi-NOM-uh-nuh) | Events or facts observed in the natural world. | events; occurrences | — | Science describes and explains natural phenomena. |
◆Key Points
- Science is the knowledge or study of the natural world.
- Science is based on facts learned through observation and experimentation.
- Technology is the practical application of science to solve problems in life.
- Technology creates products, tools, and processes that improve human life.
- Science and technology have different purposes but are closely related.
- Scientists use tools such as telescopes and microscopes to study the natural world.
- Agricultural technology includes mechanical technology, chemical technology, and biotechnology.
- Mechanical technology helps produce a lot of food in a short period of time.
- Chemical fertilisers and pesticides can increase production but may cause soil and water pollution.
- Biotechnology can make plants more nutritious, more resistant to pests, and more productive.
- Burning coal can cause air pollution and may harm the environment.
- Using television or a computer for more than one hour at a stretch can be harmful to health.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| innovate (IN-uh-vayt) | To introduce a new idea, product, or method. | create (make); develop (build) | imitate (copy); preserve (keep unchanged) | Technology helps people innovate useful products. Technology helps people create useful products. |
| relationship (ri-LAY-shun-ship) | A connection between two things. | connection (link); association (relation) | separation (being apart); difference (unlikeness) | Science and technology have a close relationship. Science and technology are closely connected. |
| practical (PRAK-ti-kul) | Useful for solving real-life problems. | useful (helpful); workable (possible to use) | impractical (not useful); useless (of no use) | Technology is the practical application of science. Technology uses science to solve real-life problems. |
| investigate (in-VES-ti-gayt) | To study something carefully in order to find facts. | examine (study); explore (look into) | ignore (pay no attention); neglect (fail to care for) | Scientists investigate the natural world. Scientists carefully study the natural world. |
| hypothesis (hy-POTH-uh-sis) | A guess based on previous knowledge that answers a question. | guess (expected answer); idea (thought) | fact (known truth); certainty (complete confidence) | A scientist writes a hypothesis before an experiment. A scientist writes a reasoned guess before a test. |
| experiment (ek-SPAIR-uh-ment) | A planned test used to check whether a hypothesis is true. | test (way of checking); investigation (careful study) | — | An experiment collects and records results. A planned test collects and records results. |
| conclusion (kun-KLOO-zhun) | A summary made after studying experimental results. | summary (short account); result (what is found) | question (something asked); uncertainty (lack of sure knowledge) | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. A final summary explains the collected results. |
| agricultural (AG-ri-KUL-chur-ul) | Related to growing crops and producing food. | farming (growing crops); rural (related to the countryside) | urban (related to a city); nonagricultural (not related to farming) | Agricultural technology helps farmers produce food. Farming technology helps farmers produce food. |
| mechanical (mi-KAN-i-kul) | Related to machines or moving parts. | machine-based (using machines); automatic (working by itself) | manual (done by hand); nonmechanical (not machine-based) | Mechanical technology helps produce much food quickly. Machine-based technology helps produce much food quickly. |
| fertiliser (FUR-tuh-ly-zur) | A substance used to help plants grow well. | plant food (food for plants); nutrient (growth-supporting substance) | — | Chemical fertiliser can help plants produce more food. Chemical plant food can help crops grow well. |
| pesticides (PES-ti-sydz) | Chemicals used to resist harmful pests. | pest controls (pest-fighting substances); insecticides (insect-killing chemicals) | — | Farmers use pesticides to resist harmful pests. Farmers use pest controls against harmful pests. |
| biotechnology (BY-oh-tek-NOL-uh-jee) | Technology that uses living things to make new products for human welfare. | biological technology (technology using life); life science technology (technology using living things) | — | Biotechnology can create crops with special qualities. Technology using living things can create improved crops. |
| nutritious (noo-TRISH-us) | Containing useful substances needed for health. | healthy (good for health); nourishing (providing nourishment) | unhealthy (not good for health); poor (lacking useful quality) | Biotechnology can make plants more nutritious. Biotechnology can make plants healthier as food. |
| resistant (ri-ZIS-tunt) | Able to withstand something harmful. | protected (kept safe); strong (able to withstand harm) | vulnerable (easily harmed); weak (not strong) | Biotechnology can produce plants resistant to pests. Biotechnology can produce plants protected from pests. |
| addiction (uh-DIK-shun) | A strong and harmful dependence on something. | dependence (reliance); habit (repeated behaviour) | control (self-management); freedom (independence) | Too much use of technology can become an addiction. Too much use of technology can become a harmful dependence. |
Total words: 15
◆ Key Points
- Science is based on facts learned through observation and experimentation.
- Technology applies science to solve practical problems in human life.
- Science and technology have different purposes but are closely related.
- Scientists use technology such as telescopes and microscopes to study the natural world.
- The scientific method includes observation, a question, a hypothesis, an experiment, a conclusion, and sharing.
- A hypothesis is a guess made from previous knowledge to answer a question.
- A conclusion is made by analysing collected data and summarising the results.
- Agricultural technology includes mechanical technology, chemical technology, and biotechnology.
- Mechanical technology helps produce much food in a short period of time.
- Chemical fertilisers and pesticides may increase production but can cause soil and water pollution.
- Biotechnology can make plants more nutritious, more resistant to pests, and more productive.
- Using television or a computer for more than one hour at a stretch can be harmful to health.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| science (সাইয়েন্স) | The knowledge or study of the natural world. | knowledge; study | — | Science is based on facts learned through observation and experimentation. |
| technology (টেকনোলজি) | The practical application of science to solve problems in life. | tool; product | — | Technology applies science knowledge to create products and tools. |
| observation (অবজারভেশন) | Careful watching of things or events to notice what happens. | study; watching | neglect | Observation helps scientists study the natural world. |
| hypothesis (হাইপথিসিস) | A guess based on previous knowledge to answer a question. | guess; idea | fact | A hypothesis is written before an experiment. |
| experiment (এক্সপেরিমেন্ট) | A planned test used to check whether a hypothesis is true. | test; investigation | — | An experiment collects and records results. |
| conclusion (কনক্লুশন) | A summary made after studying the results of an experiment. | result; summary | question | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. |
| agriculture (অ্যাগ্রিকালচার) | The field concerned with growing crops and producing food. | farming; cultivation | — | Agriculture uses different types of technology. |
| biotechnology (বায়োটেকনোলজি) | Technology that uses living things to make new products for human welfare. | biological technology; life science technology | — | Biotechnology can create crops with special qualities. |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | Harmful contamination of air, soil, or water. | contamination; damage | cleanliness | Chemical fertiliser and pesticide can cause soil and water pollution. |
Total terms: 9
◆ Key Points
- Science is the knowledge or study of the natural world.
- Science uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena.
- The scientific method includes observation, a question, a hypothesis, an experiment, a conclusion, and sharing.
- A hypothesis is a guess made from previous knowledge to answer a question.
- A conclusion is made by analysing collected data and summarising the results.
- Technology is the practical application of science to solve problems in life.
- Technology creates products, tools, and processes that improve the quality of human life.
- Science and technology have different purposes but are closely related to each other.
- Agricultural technology includes mechanical technology, chemical technology, and biotechnology.
- Mechanical technology helps produce a lot of food in a short period of time.
- Chemical fertilisers and pesticides can increase production but may cause soil and water pollution.
- Biotechnology can make plants more nutritious, more resistant to pests, and more productive.
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully and notice how the bold words are used in a connected idea. These words describe how people use scientific knowledge and technology to improve agriculture while considering possible effects on the environment.
Through observation, scientists notice a problem in agriculture and form a hypothesis. They then plan an experiment and study its results before making a conclusion. Science helps people understand the natural world, while technology applies that knowledge to create useful products and processes. Agricultural biotechnology can make crops more productive, but some methods may cause pollution.
Use the table to learn the Bengali meaning, related English words, and a sentence showing each word in the context of the chapter.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| science (সাইয়েন্স) | প্রাকৃতিক জগতের জ্ঞান বা অধ্যয়ন (the study of the natural world) | knowledge (জ্ঞান); study (অধ্যয়ন) | — | Science helps people understand the natural world. বিজ্ঞান মানুষকে প্রাকৃতিক জগত বুঝতে সাহায্য করে। |
| observation (অবজারভেশন) | কী ঘটে তা জানার জন্য কোনো বিষয় বা ঘটনা সতর্কভাবে দেখা (careful watching) | study (অধ্যয়ন); watching (দেখা) | neglect (অবহেলা) | Observation helps scientists study the natural world. পর্যবেক্ষণ বিজ্ঞানীদের প্রাকৃতিক জগত অধ্যয়ন করতে সাহায্য করে। |
| hypothesis (হাইপথিসিস) | কোনো প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেওয়ার জন্য পূর্বজ্ঞানভিত্তিক অনুমান (a guess based on previous knowledge) | guess (অনুমান); idea (ধারণা) | fact (সত্য তথ্য) | A hypothesis is written before an experiment. একটি পরীক্ষা করার আগে একটি অনুমান লেখা হয়। |
| experiment (এক্সপেরিমেন্ট) | কোনো অনুমান সত্য কি না যাচাই করার পরিকল্পিত পরীক্ষা (a planned test) | test (পরীক্ষা); investigation (অনুসন্ধান) | — | An experiment collects and records results. একটি পরীক্ষা ফলাফল সংগ্রহ ও নথিবদ্ধ করে। |
| conclusion (কনক্লুশন) | পরীক্ষার ফলাফল অধ্যয়নের পর তৈরি করা সারাংশ (a summary of results) | result (ফলাফল); summary (সারাংশ) | question (প্রশ্ন) | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. একটি উপসংহার সংগৃহীত ফলাফলগুলোর সারাংশ দেয়। |
| technology (টেকনোলজি) | জীবনের সমস্যা সমাধানে বিজ্ঞানের ব্যবহারিক প্রয়োগ (the practical application of science) | tool (উপকরণ); product (পণ্য) | — | Technology applies science knowledge to create products and tools. প্রযুক্তি পণ্য ও উপকরণ তৈরিতে বিজ্ঞানের জ্ঞান প্রয়োগ করে। |
| agriculture (অ্যাগ্রিকালচার) | ফসল উৎপাদন ও খাদ্য তৈরির ক্ষেত্র (the field of growing crops and producing food) | farming (কৃষিকাজ); cultivation (চাষাবাদ) | — | Agriculture uses different types of technology. কৃষিকাজে বিভিন্ন ধরনের প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করা হয়। |
| biotechnology (বায়োটেকনোলজি) | মানুষের কল্যাণে নতুন পণ্য তৈরিতে জীবিত বস্তু ব্যবহারকারী প্রযুক্তি (technology using living things) | biological technology (জৈব প্রযুক্তি); life science technology (জীবনবিজ্ঞান প্রযুক্তি) | — | Biotechnology can create crops with special qualities. জীবপ্রযুক্তি বিশেষ গুণসম্পন্ন ফসল তৈরি করতে পারে। |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | বায়ু, মাটি বা পানির ক্ষতিকর দূষণ (harmful contamination) | contamination (দূষণ); damage (ক্ষতি) | cleanliness (পরিচ্ছন্নতা) | Chemical fertiliser and pesticide can cause soil and water pollution. রাসায়নিক সার ও কীটনাশক মাটি ও পানি দূষণ ঘটাতে পারে। |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
নির্দেশনা: বাম দিকের শব্দগুলোর সঙ্গে ডান দিকের এলোমেলো অর্থ মিলিয়ে নাও।
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| technology (টেকনোলজি) | জীবনের সমস্যা সমাধানে বিজ্ঞানের ব্যবহারিক প্রয়োগ (the practical application of science) | tool (উপকরণ); product (পণ্য) | — | Technology innovates products, tools, and processes that improve human life. প্রযুক্তি মানুষের জীবন উন্নত করার জন্য পণ্য, উপকরণ ও প্রক্রিয়া উদ্ভাবন করে। |
| observation (অবজারভেশন) | কোনো বিষয় বা ঘটনা সতর্কভাবে দেখা (careful watching) | study (অধ্যয়ন); watching (দেখা) | neglect (অবহেলা) | Observation helps us notice phenomena around us. পর্যবেক্ষণ আমাদের চারপাশের ঘটনাগুলো লক্ষ্য করতে সাহায্য করে। |
| hypothesis (হাইপথিসিস) | কোনো প্রশ্নের উত্তর দেওয়ার জন্য পূর্বজ্ঞানভিত্তিক অনুমান (a guess based on previous knowledge) | guess (অনুমান); idea (ধারণা) | fact (সত্য তথ্য) | A hypothesis is written before an experiment. একটি পরীক্ষা করার আগে একটি অনুমান লেখা হয়। |
| experiment (এক্সপেরিমেন্ট) | কোনো অনুমান সত্য কি না যাচাই করার পরিকল্পিত পরীক্ষা (a planned test) | test (পরীক্ষা); investigation (অনুসন্ধান) | — | Scientists design an experiment and record the results. বিজ্ঞানীরা একটি পরীক্ষা পরিকল্পনা করেন এবং ফলাফল নথিবদ্ধ করেন। |
| conclusion (কনক্লুশন) | পরীক্ষার ফলাফল অধ্যয়নের পর তৈরি করা সারাংশ (a summary of results) | result (ফলাফল); summary (সারাংশ) | question (প্রশ্ন) | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. একটি উপসংহার সংগৃহীত ফলাফলগুলোর সারাংশ দেয়। |
| agriculture (অ্যাগ্রিকালচার) | ফসল উৎপাদন ও খাদ্য তৈরির ক্ষেত্র (the field of growing crops and producing food) | farming (কৃষিকাজ); cultivation (চাষাবাদ) | — | Agriculture uses different types of technology. কৃষিকাজে বিভিন্ন ধরনের প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করা হয়। |
| productive (প্রোডাক্টিভ) | অনেক পরিমাণে উপকারী খাদ্য বা কাজ উৎপাদনে সক্ষম (able to produce useful food or work) | useful (উপকারী); fruitful (ফলপ্রসূ) | wasteful (অপচয়ী) | Biotechnology can make crops more productive. জীবপ্রযুক্তি ফসলকে আরও উৎপাদনশীল করতে পারে। |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | বায়ু, মাটি বা পানির ক্ষতিকর দূষণ (harmful contamination) | contamination (দূষণ); damage (ক্ষতি) | cleanliness (পরিচ্ছন্নতা) | Burning coal can cause air pollution. কয়লা পোড়ালে বায়ুদূষণ হতে পারে। |
| science (সাইয়েন্স) | প্রাকৃতিক জগতের জ্ঞান বা অধ্যয়ন (the study of the natural world) | knowledge (জ্ঞান); study (অধ্যয়ন) | — | Science helps people understand the natural world. বিজ্ঞান মানুষকে প্রাকৃতিক জগত বুঝতে সাহায্য করে। |
| knowledge (নলিজ) | অধ্যয়ন ও পর্যবেক্ষণ থেকে পাওয়া তথ্য বা উপলব্ধি (information gained through study and observation) | understanding (উপলব্ধি); study (অধ্যয়ন) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা) | Scientific knowledge is applied to technology. বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞান প্রযুক্তিতে প্রয়োগ করা হয়। |
উত্তরমালা:
technology — জীবনের সমস্যা সমাধানে বিজ্ঞানের ব্যবহারিক প্রয়োগ
observation — কোনো বিষয় বা ঘটনা সতর্কভাবে দেখা
hypothesis — পূর্বজ্ঞানভিত্তিক অনুমান
experiment — অনুমান যাচাই করার পরিকল্পিত পরীক্ষা
conclusion — পরীক্ষার ফলাফলের সারাংশ
agriculture — ফসল উৎপাদন ও খাদ্য তৈরির ক্ষেত্র
productive — উপকারী খাদ্য বা কাজ উৎপাদনে সক্ষম
pollution — বায়ু, মাটি বা পানির ক্ষতিকর দূষণ
science — প্রাকৃতিক জগতের জ্ঞান বা অধ্যয়ন
knowledge — অধ্যয়ন ও পর্যবেক্ষণ থেকে পাওয়া তথ্য বা উপলব্ধি
technology — জীবনের সমস্যা সমাধানে বিজ্ঞানের ব্যবহারিক প্রয়োগ
observation — কোনো বিষয় বা ঘটনা সতর্কভাবে দেখা
hypothesis — পূর্বজ্ঞানভিত্তিক অনুমান
experiment — অনুমান যাচাই করার পরিকল্পিত পরীক্ষা
conclusion — পরীক্ষার ফলাফলের সারাংশ
agriculture — ফসল উৎপাদন ও খাদ্য তৈরির ক্ষেত্র
productive — উপকারী খাদ্য বা কাজ উৎপাদনে সক্ষম
pollution — বায়ু, মাটি বা পানির ক্ষতিকর দূষণ
science — প্রাকৃতিক জগতের জ্ঞান বা অধ্যয়ন
knowledge — অধ্যয়ন ও পর্যবেক্ষণ থেকে পাওয়া তথ্য বা উপলব্ধি
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Word Bank
technology · microscope · telescope · hypothesis · experiment · conclusion · agriculture · tractor · biotechnology · pollution
Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the word bank.
- __________ applies science knowledge to create useful products and tools.
- Scientists use a __________ to investigate objects that cannot be seen with naked eyes.
- A space __________ makes it possible to see objects far into space.
- Using previous knowledge, scientists make a __________ to answer a question.
- Scientists design an __________ to test whether the hypothesis is true.
- Scientists analyze the collected data and write a __________.
- People use different types of technology in __________ to produce more food.
- A __________ helps farmers produce a lot of food in a short period of time.
- Agricultural __________ can make plants more nutritious and more productive.
- Burning coal can cause air __________.
Answer Key
- technology
- microscope
- telescope
- hypothesis
- experiment
- conclusion
- agriculture
- tractor
- biotechnology
- pollution
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Choose the correct synonym or antonym as directed.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| technology (tek-NOL-uh-jee) | The practical application of science to solve problems in life. | tool (an instrument); product (something made) | — | Technology creates useful products and processes. Technology creates useful products and processes. |
| observation (ob-zur-VAY-shun) | Careful watching of things or events to notice what happens. | study (careful learning); watching (looking carefully) | neglect (failure to care) | Observation helps us notice phenomena around us. Observation helps us notice phenomena around us. |
| hypothesis (hy-POTH-uh-sis) | A guess based on previous knowledge to answer a question. | guess (an expected answer); idea (a thought) | fact (something known to be true) | A hypothesis is written before an experiment. A hypothesis is written before an experiment. |
| experiment (ek-SPAIR-uh-ment) | A planned test used to check whether a hypothesis is true. | test (a way of checking); investigation (careful examination) | — | Scientists design an experiment and record the results. Scientists design an experiment and record the results. |
| conclusion (kun-KLOO-zhun) | A summary made after studying the results of an experiment. | result (what is found); summary (a short account) | question (something asked) | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. A conclusion summarizes the collected results. |
| agriculture (AG-ri-kul-chur) | The field concerned with growing crops and producing food. | farming (growing crops); cultivation (growing plants) | — | Agriculture uses different types of technology. Agriculture uses different types of technology. |
| productive (pruh-DUK-tiv) | Able to produce a large amount of useful food or work. | useful (having value); fruitful (producing good results) | wasteful (using without good results) | Biotechnology can make crops more productive. Biotechnology can make crops more productive. |
| pollution (puh-LOO-shun) | Harmful contamination of air, soil, or water. | contamination (making something harmful); damage (harm) | cleanliness (freedom from dirt) | Burning coal can cause air pollution. Burning coal can cause air pollution. |
| science (SAI-uhns) | The knowledge or study of the natural world. | knowledge (information); study (careful learning) | — | Science helps people understand the natural world. Science helps people understand the natural world. |
| energy (EN-ur-jee) | The power needed to produce activity or change. | power (strength); force (strength or energy) | weakness (lack of strength) | A television uses energy to work. A television uses energy to work. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Write a synonym of productive.
Sol: productive = able to produce useful food or work
Synonym = useful
Another synonym = fruitful
Ans. useful; fruitful
Synonym = useful
Another synonym = fruitful
Ans. useful; fruitful
Ex. Write an antonym of knowledge.
Sol: knowledge = information gained through study
Antonym = ignorance
Ans. ignorance
Antonym = ignorance
Ans. ignorance
Ex. Write two synonyms of experiment.
Sol: experiment = a planned test
First synonym = test
Second synonym = investigation
Ans. test; investigation
First synonym = test
Second synonym = investigation
Ans. test; investigation
Ex. Write the antonym of pollution.
Sol: pollution = harmful contamination
Antonym = cleanliness
Ans. cleanliness
Antonym = cleanliness
Ans. cleanliness
Total words: 10
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Read the words, learn their meanings, and use each word in a sentence.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| technology (tek-NOL-uh-jee) | The practical application of science to solve problems in life. | tool; product | — | Technology creates useful products and processes. Technology helps people solve practical problems. |
| observation (ob-zur-VAY-shun) | Careful watching of things or events to notice what happens. | study; watching | neglect | Observation helps us notice phenomena around us. Scientists begin their study with observation. |
| hypothesis (hy-POTH-uh-sis) | A guess based on previous knowledge to answer a question. | guess; idea | fact | A hypothesis is written before an experiment. Scientists use previous knowledge to make a hypothesis. |
| experiment (ek-SPAIR-uh-ment) | A planned test used to check whether a hypothesis is true. | test; investigation | — | Scientists design an experiment and record the results. An experiment checks a hypothesis. |
| conclusion (kun-KLOO-zhun) | A summary made after studying the results of an experiment. | result; summary | question | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. Scientists write a conclusion after analyzing the data. |
| agriculture (AG-ri-kul-chur) | The field concerned with growing crops and producing food. | farming; cultivation | — | Agriculture uses different types of technology. Agriculture helps people produce food. |
| productive (pruh-DUK-tiv) | Able to produce a large amount of useful food or work. | useful; fruitful | wasteful | Biotechnology can make crops more productive. Productive plants can produce more food. |
| pollution (puh-LOO-shun) | Harmful contamination of air, soil, or water. | contamination; damage | cleanliness | Burning coal can cause air pollution. Chemical fertilisers can cause soil and water pollution. |
Total words: 8
Ex. Make sentences with technology and observation.
Sol:
technology = Technology creates useful products and processes.
observation = Observation helps scientists study the natural world.
Ans. Technology creates useful products and processes. Observation helps scientists study the natural world.
technology = Technology creates useful products and processes.
observation = Observation helps scientists study the natural world.
Ans. Technology creates useful products and processes. Observation helps scientists study the natural world.
Ex. Make sentences with hypothesis and experiment.
Sol:
hypothesis = A hypothesis is written before an experiment.
experiment = Scientists design an experiment and record the results.
Ans. A hypothesis is written before an experiment. Scientists design an experiment and record the results.
hypothesis = A hypothesis is written before an experiment.
experiment = Scientists design an experiment and record the results.
Ans. A hypothesis is written before an experiment. Scientists design an experiment and record the results.
Ex. Make sentences with conclusion and agriculture.
Sol:
conclusion = A conclusion summarizes the collected results.
agriculture = Agriculture uses different types of technology.
Ans. A conclusion summarizes the collected results. Agriculture uses different types of technology.
conclusion = A conclusion summarizes the collected results.
agriculture = Agriculture uses different types of technology.
Ans. A conclusion summarizes the collected results. Agriculture uses different types of technology.
Ex. Make sentences with productive and pollution.
Sol:
productive = Biotechnology can make crops more productive.
pollution = Burning coal can cause air pollution.
Ans. Biotechnology can make crops more productive. Burning coal can cause air pollution.
productive = Biotechnology can make crops more productive.
pollution = Burning coal can cause air pollution.
Ans. Biotechnology can make crops more productive. Burning coal can cause air pollution.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Practice Questions
Core Vocabulary
1. Which meaning best describes technology?
A. The study of natural events
B. The practical application of science to solve life problems
C. A harmful change in water
D. A guess about a question
Sol: [B] Technology applies science to solve practical problems in life.
2. In the sentence “Scientists study natural phenomena,” what does phenomena mean?
A. Events observed in the natural world
B. Tools used in agriculture
C. Products made in factories
D. Rules for using a computer
Sol: [A] Phenomena are events or facts observed in the natural world.
Scientific Method
3. Which word means careful watching to notice what happens?
A. Conclusion
B. Observation
C. Pollution
D. Transportation
Sol: [B] Observation is careful watching of things or events.
4. A student makes a guess from previous knowledge before testing an idea. What is this guess called?
A. Hypothesis
B. Experiment
C. Conclusion
D. Agriculture
Sol: [A] A hypothesis is a guess based on previous knowledge.
5. Which word names the summary made after studying experiment results?
A. Question
B. Observation
C. Conclusion
D. Hypothesis
Sol: [C] A conclusion summarizes the collected results after analysis.
Agricultural Technology
6. Which option is an example of mechanical technology used in agriculture?
A. Tractor
B. Pesticide
C. Biotechnology
D. Microscope
Sol: [A] A tractor is agricultural machinery and belongs to mechanical technology.
7. A plant is developed to be more nutritious and resistant to pests. Which word best describes this technology?
A. Transportation
B. Biotechnology
C. Pollution
D. Observation
Sol: [B] Biotechnology uses living things to make useful products and special plants.
8. Which pair contains words connected with chemical technology in farming?
A. Telescope and microscope
B. Tractor and plough
C. Fertilisers and pesticides
D. Books and tables
Sol: [C] Farmers use chemical fertilisers and pesticides to increase crop production.
Effects and Uses of Technology
9. Complete the sentence: “Burning coal can cause air ____.”
A. agriculture
B. pollution
C. conclusion
D. cultivation
Sol: [B] The chapter states that burning coal can cause air pollution.
10. Which word completes the sentence correctly? “Scientists use a ____ to investigate objects that cannot be seen with naked eyes.”
A. microscope
B. tractor
C. plough
D. fertiliser
Sol: [A] Scientists use a microscope to study objects too small to be seen with naked eyes.
11. Quick Revision List
Review the key words and their meanings before the examination.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| technology (টেকনোলজি) | সমস্যা সমাধানে বিজ্ঞানের ব্যবহার (the practical application of science) | tool (উপকরণ); product (পণ্য) | — | Technology innovates products, tools, and processes that improve the quality of human life. প্রযুক্তি মানুষের জীবনের মান উন্নত করে এমন পণ্য, উপকরণ ও প্রক্রিয়া উদ্ভাবন করে। |
| observation (অবজারভেশন) | কোনো ঘটনা বা বিষয় সতর্কভাবে দেখা (careful watching) | study (অধ্যয়ন); watching (দেখা) | neglect (অবহেলা) | Observation helps us notice phenomena around us. পর্যবেক্ষণ আমাদের চারপাশের ঘটনাগুলো লক্ষ করতে সাহায্য করে। |
| hypothesis (হাইপথিসিস) | পূর্বজ্ঞানভিত্তিক অনুমান (a guess based on previous knowledge) | guess (অনুমান); idea (ধারণা) | fact (সত্য ঘটনা) | A hypothesis is written before an experiment. একটি পরীক্ষা করার আগে একটি প্রকল্পিত অনুমান লেখা হয়। |
| experiment (এক্সপেরিমেন্ট) | অনুমান যাচাইয়ের পরিকল্পিত পরীক্ষা (a planned test) | test (পরীক্ষা); investigation (অনুসন্ধান) | — | An experiment collects and records results. একটি পরীক্ষা ফলাফল সংগ্রহ ও নথিবদ্ধ করে। |
| conclusion (কনক্লুশন) | ফলাফল বিশ্লেষণের পর তৈরি সারাংশ (a summary after studying results) | result (ফলাফল); summary (সারাংশ) | question (প্রশ্ন) | A conclusion summarizes the collected results. একটি উপসংহার সংগৃহীত ফলাফলগুলোর সারাংশ দেয়। |
| agriculture (অ্যাগ্রিকালচার) | ফসল উৎপাদন ও খাদ্য উৎপাদনের ক্ষেত্র (the field of growing crops and producing food) | farming (কৃষিকাজ); cultivation (চাষাবাদ) | — | Agriculture uses different types of technology. কৃষিকাজে বিভিন্ন ধরনের প্রযুক্তি ব্যবহার করা হয়। |
| productive (প্রোডাক্টিভ) | অনেক উপযোগী খাদ্য বা কাজ উৎপাদনে সক্ষম (able to produce much useful food or work) | useful (উপযোগী); fruitful (ফলপ্রসূ) | wasteful (অপচয়ী) | Biotechnology can make crops more productive. জৈবপ্রযুক্তি ফসলকে আরও উৎপাদনশীল করতে পারে। |
| pollution (পলিউশন) | বায়ু, মাটি বা পানির ক্ষতিকর দূষণ (harmful contamination) | contamination (দূষণ); damage (ক্ষতি) | cleanliness (পরিচ্ছন্নতা) | Burning coal can cause air pollution. কয়লা পোড়ালে বায়ুদূষণ হতে পারে। |
◆ Key Points
- Science is the knowledge or study of the natural world.
- Science uses observation and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena.
- Technology is the practical application of science to solve problems in life.
- Science and technology have different purposes but are closely related.
- Scientists use telescopes and microscopes to study the natural world.
- Agricultural technology includes mechanical technology, chemical technology, and biotechnology.
- Chemical fertilisers and pesticides can increase production but may cause soil and water pollution.
- Biotechnology can make plants more nutritious, more resistant to pests, and more productive.
- Burning coal can cause air pollution and may have harmful effects on the environment.
- Using television or a computer for more than one hour at a stretch can be harmful to health.
Total words: 8
12. Practice Bank
Further Vocabulary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| innovating (IN-uh-vay-ting) | Creating new or improved products, tools, or processes. | creating; developing; designing | destroying; copying | Technology innovates products, tools, and processes that improve human life. |
| natural (NACH-uh-rul) | Related to the world that exists without being made by people. | original; earthly; environmental | artificial; manufactured | Science is the knowledge or study of the natural world. |
| investigate (in-VES-ti-gayt) | To examine carefully in order to discover facts. | examine; study; research | ignore; neglect | Scientists investigate the natural world. |
| ancient (AYN-shunt) | Belonging to a very long time ago. | old; historic; early | modern; recent | People invented ancient tools to solve practical problems. |
| industrial (in-DUS-tree-ul) | Related to factories, manufacturing, and industry. | manufacturing; factory-based; productive | agricultural; domestic | The eighteenth century was a period of great industrial revolution. |
| revolution (rev-uh-LOO-shun) | A period of great and important change. | change; transformation; development | stability; continuity | The industrial revolution changed agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation. |
| mechanical (muh-KAN-i-kul) | Related to machines and physical tools. | machine-based; technical; automatic | manual; natural | Mechanical technology helps produce a lot of food in a short period. |
| fertiliser (FUR-tuh-ly-zur) | A substance used to help plants grow well. | plant food; nutrient; manure | — | Chemical fertilisers can increase production. |
| pesticides (PES-ti-sydz) | Chemicals used to resist harmful pests. | pest killers; chemicals; treatments | — | Farmers use pesticides to resist harmful pests and weeds. |
| nutritious (noo-TRISH-us) | Containing substances that are good for health. | healthy; nourishing; wholesome | unhealthy; harmful | Biotechnology can make plants more nutritious. |
| addiction (uh-DIK-shun) | A strong and harmful dependence on something. | dependence; habit; obsession | control; freedom | Sometimes using technology turns into an addiction. |
| weapons (WEP-unz) | Objects made or used for fighting and war. | arms; guns; bombs | peace; protection | Manufacturing weapons for war is a horrible application of modern technology. |
Total vocabulary items: 12
Hints: Use the chapter definitions, scientific-method sequence, types of agricultural technology, and negative effects of technology to plan your answers.