ENGLISH FOR TODAY Classes XI-XII & Alim - Unit Four: Youthful Achievers - Vocabulary | Free Course

Chapter: Unit Four: Youthful Achievers

📚 Vocabulary

ENGLISH FOR TODAY Classes XI-XII & Alim

⭐ Most Important Exam Words

achieverlivelinesscreativityperseverancecommitmenttutelageleadershipaffectionatetirelessregalepleasantriesaugmentspontaneousinstinctivelyconquerstaminadeterminationtreacherygoadfamishedmomentumadventurerinspirationalobstaclepersevereexpeditioncalamitoussummitcounterpartilluminateemergementorclinchadversityinhibitionreciprocaldignitywhole-heartedunleash

📃 Word Formation Rules

► Add the suffix -er to a verb to form a person noun: achieve → achiever, adventure → adventurer.

► Add -ness to an adjective to form an abstract noun: lively → liveliness.

► Add -ity to an adjective to form an abstract noun: creative → creativity, reciprocal → reciprocity.

► Add -ance or -ence to form abstract nouns: persevere → perseverance, differ → difference.

► Add -ment to a verb to form a noun: commit → commitment, achieve → achievement.

► Add the prefix un- to form an opposite: tired → untired, unleash → release or free.

► Add the suffix -less to mean without: tire → tireless, hope → hopeless.

► Add -ive or -al to form adjectives: inspire → inspirational, instinct → instinctive.

► Add -ly to an adjective to form an adverb: instinctive → instinctively, spontaneous → spontaneously.

► Some words can be both nouns and verbs: mentor, clinch, augment and conquer.

1. Sheikh Kamal: Achievement, Character and Leadership (8 words)

achiever[/əˈtʃiːvə/]nouneasy

Meaning: সফল ব্যক্তি; অর্জনকারী

Alt: যে ব্যক্তি লক্ষ্য পূরণ করে

Example: Sheikh Kamal was a youthful achiever who contributed to sports and culture.

Syn: success, winnerAnt: failure

💡 Exam tip: Use achiever for a person who attains success through effort.

liveliness[/ˈlaɪvlinəs/]nounmedium

Meaning: প্রাণবন্ততা

Alt: উচ্ছলতা ও উদ্যম

Example: His liveliness made him popular among his friends.

Syn: vitality, energyAnt: dullness

💡 Exam tip: The adjective form is lively and the adverb form is lively or in a lively manner.

creativity[/ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/]nounmedium

Meaning: সৃজনশীলতা

Alt: নতুন ধারণা সৃষ্টি করার ক্ষমতা

Example: His creativity was reflected in music, drama and sports organization.

Syn: imagination, originalityAnt: inactivity

💡 Exam tip: Creativity is an abstract noun formed from creative.

perseverance[/ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/]nounhard

Meaning: অধ্যবসায়

Alt: বাধা সত্ত্বেও চেষ্টা চালিয়ে যাওয়া

Example: Perseverance is essential for achieving a difficult goal.

Syn: persistence, determinationAnt: inconstancy

💡 Exam tip: A common collocation is perseverance and commitment.

commitment[/kəˈmɪtmənt/]nounmedium

Meaning: অঙ্গীকার; নিষ্ঠা

Alt: কোনো কাজের প্রতি দৃঢ় দায়বদ্ধতা

Example: His commitment to nation-building inspired many young people.

Syn: dedication, devotionAnt: indifference

💡 Exam tip: Commitment to + noun or commitment to + gerund is frequently tested.

tutelage[/ˈtjuːtəlɪdʒ/]nounhard

Meaning: শিক্ষা ও তত্ত্বাবধান

Alt: কোনো শিক্ষকের অধীনে প্রশিক্ষণ

Example: He learned the sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad.

Syn: guidance, instructionAnt: neglect

💡 Exam tip: The phrase under the tutelage of means under the guidance of.

leadership[/ˈliːdəʃɪp/]nouneasy

Meaning: নেতৃত্ব

Alt: দলকে পরিচালনা করার ক্ষমতা

Example: Sheikh Kamal possessed remarkable traits of leadership.

Syn: guidance, commandAnt: followership

💡 Exam tip: Leadership is an uncountable quality noun in most contexts.

assassinate[/əˈsæsɪneɪt/]verbmedium

Meaning: হত্যা করা

Alt: বিশেষত কোনো গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ব্যক্তিকে পরিকল্পিতভাবে হত্যা করা

Example: The courageous leader was assassinated by a group of killers.

Syn: murder, slayAnt: save

💡 Exam tip: The noun forms are assassination and assassin.

2. Affectionate, Lively and Always Smiling (8 words)

affectionate[/əˈfekʃənət/]adjeasy

Meaning: স্নেহশীল

Alt: ভালোবাসা ও মমতা প্রকাশকারী

Example: He gave his friends an affectionate smile.

Syn: loving, warmAnt: cold

💡 Exam tip: Affectionate is often used to describe a person, gesture or manner.

tireless[/ˈtaɪələs/]adjmedium

Meaning: ক্লান্তিহীন

Alt: অবিরাম পরিশ্রমী

Example: She was a tireless organizer of cultural events.

Syn: indefatigable, energeticAnt: lazy

💡 Exam tip: The suffix -less means without; tireless means without tiredness.

regale[/rɪˈɡeɪl/]verbhard

Meaning: আনন্দ দেওয়া

Alt: গল্প, গান বা কৌতুক দিয়ে আনন্দিত করা

Example: Kamal regaled his companions with jokes and songs.

Syn: entertain, delightAnt: bore

💡 Exam tip: Regale someone with something is the common structure.

pleasantry[/ˈplezəntri/]nounhard

Meaning: সৌজন্যমূলক কথাবার্তা

Alt: আনুষ্ঠানিক বা বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ হালকা আলাপ

Example: He exchanged pleasantries with his university friend.

Syn: courtesy, greetingAnt: rudeness

💡 Exam tip: Pleasantries is usually used in the plural form.

augment[/ɔːɡˈment/]verbmedium

Meaning: বৃদ্ধি করা

Alt: পরিমাণ বা শক্তি বাড়ানো

Example: The university should augment its academic facilities.

Syn: increase, enlargeAnt: reduce

💡 Exam tip: Augment is a formal synonym of increase and improve.

spontaneous[/spɒnˈteɪniəs/]adjhard

Meaning: স্বতঃস্ফূর্ত

Alt: পূর্বপরিকল্পনা ছাড়া স্বাভাবিকভাবে সংঘটিত

Example: He gave a spontaneous performance of a song.

Syn: unplanned, instinctiveAnt: planned

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is spontaneity; do not write spontaneity as spontaneus.

instinctively[/ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/]advmedium

Meaning: সহজাতভাবে

Alt: চিন্তা না করেই স্বাভাবিক প্রবৃত্তিতে

Example: He instinctively greeted every friend with a smile.

Syn: automatically, naturallyAnt: deliberately

💡 Exam tip: Instinctively is the adverb of instinctive.

typical[/ˈtɪpɪkəl/]adjeasy

Meaning: সাধারণ বৈশিষ্ট্যপূর্ণ

Alt: কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বিষয়ের স্বাভাবিক বৈশিষ্ট্যযুক্ত

Example: Offering help to friends was typical of Sheikh Kamal.

Syn: characteristic, usualAnt: unusual

💡 Exam tip: Typical of means characteristic of.

3. Brojen Das: Swimming and Endurance (8 words)

conquer[/ˈkɒŋkə/]verbeasy

Meaning: জয় করা

Alt: কঠিন বাধা অতিক্রম করা

Example: Brojen Das conquered the English Channel through courage and discipline.

Syn: defeat, overcomeAnt: surrender

💡 Exam tip: Conquer takes a direct object: conquer a challenge, not conquer over a challenge.

exhausted[/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/]adjeasy

Meaning: অবসন্ন

Alt: অত্যন্ত ক্লান্ত

Example: The swimmer felt exhausted after many hours in the water.

Syn: tired, wearyAnt: refreshed

💡 Exam tip: Exhausted is stronger than tired.

stamina[/ˈstæmɪnə/]nounmedium

Meaning: সহনশক্তি

Alt: দীর্ঘ সময় কাজ করার শারীরিক বা মানসিক শক্তি

Example: Long-distance swimmers need great stamina.

Syn: endurance, strengthAnt: weakness

💡 Exam tip: Stamina is generally an uncountable noun.

determination[/dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/]nouneasy

Meaning: দৃঢ়সংকল্প

Alt: লক্ষ্য অর্জনের অটল ইচ্ছা

Example: His determination helped him try for the sixth time.

Syn: resolve, willpowerAnt: hesitation

💡 Exam tip: Determination is a key quality in achievement-based compositions.

treachery[/ˈtretʃəri/]nounhard

Meaning: বিশ্বাসঘাতকতা

Alt: বিশ্বাস ভঙ্গ বা প্রতারণা

Example: The swimmer described the unpredictable weather as the treachery of weather.

Syn: betrayal, deceitAnt: loyalty

💡 Exam tip: Treachery of weather is a literary expression in the passage.

goad[/ɡəʊd/]verbhard

Meaning: উদ্দীপ্ত করা

Alt: কোনো কাজ করতে তাড়িত করা

Example: The hope of a record goaded him to continue swimming.

Syn: urge, provokeAnt: discourage

💡 Exam tip: Goad someone to do something is the usual pattern.

famished[/ˈfæmɪʃt/]adjmedium

Meaning: ক্ষুধার্ত

Alt: অত্যন্ত ক্ষুধার্ত

Example: The famished swimmer asked for a feed.

Syn: starving, hungryAnt: satisfied

💡 Exam tip: Famished is an emphatic synonym of hungry.

momentum[/məˈmentəm/]nounhard

Meaning: গতি ও অগ্রগতির জড়তা

Alt: কাজ এগিয়ে নেওয়ার সঞ্চিত শক্তি

Example: His momentum was building as he approached the shore.

Syn: impetus, driveAnt: inertia

💡 Exam tip: Build momentum means gradually gain force or progress.

4. Nishat Mazumder: Mountaineering and Dreams (8 words)

adventurer[/ədˈventʃərə/]nouneasy

Meaning: দুঃসাহসিক অভিযাত্রী

Alt: ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ ও আকর্ষণীয় কাজে অংশগ্রহণকারী

Example: Nishat Mazumder is a courageous adventurer.

Syn: explorer, pioneerAnt: homebody

💡 Exam tip: Adventurer is formed from the verb adventure.

modest[/ˈmɒdɪst/]adjeasy

Meaning: সাধারণ; বিনয়ী

Alt: অল্প আড়ম্বরপূর্ণ বা সীমিত সামর্থ্যের

Example: Nishat came from a modest family background.

Syn: humble, simpleAnt: arrogant

💡 Exam tip: Modest background means an ordinary or not wealthy background.

inspirational[/ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃənəl/]adjmedium

Meaning: অনুপ্রেরণাদায়ক

Alt: উৎসাহ ও উদ্দীপনা জাগায় এমন

Example: Nishat’s life is an inspirational story for Bangladeshi youth.

Syn: motivating, encouragingAnt: discouraging

💡 Exam tip: The noun is inspiration and the verb is inspire.

obstacle[/ˈɒbstəkəl/]nouneasy

Meaning: বাধা

Alt: অগ্রগতিতে প্রতিবন্ধকতা সৃষ্টি করে এমন কিছু

Example: She overcame many obstacles before reaching the summit.

Syn: barrier, hindranceAnt: advantage

💡 Exam tip: Overcome an obstacle is a useful collocation.

persevere[/ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə/]verbmedium

Meaning: অধ্যবসায়ের সঙ্গে চেষ্টা করা

Alt: বাধা সত্ত্বেও অব্যাহত থাকা

Example: She persevered despite financial and physical difficulties.

Syn: persist, continueAnt: quit

💡 Exam tip: Persevere in a task and persevere with a task are both acceptable.

expedition[/ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/]nounmedium

Meaning: অভিযান

Alt: বিশেষ উদ্দেশ্যে সংগঠিত ভ্রমণ বা অভিযান

Example: Nishat joined an expedition to Mount Everest.

Syn: journey, missionAnt: stay

💡 Exam tip: An expedition is usually organized for exploration or research.

calamitous[/kəˈlæmɪtəs/]adjhard

Meaning: বিপর্যয়কর

Alt: দুর্যোগপূর্ণ বা ধ্বংসাত্মক

Example: Her mother taught her to remain strong in calamitous moments.

Syn: disastrous, catastrophicAnt: fortunate

💡 Exam tip: The noun form is calamity.

summit[/ˈsʌmɪt/]nouneasy

Meaning: চূড়া

Alt: পর্বতের সর্বোচ্চ শিখর

Example: She became the first Bangladeshi girl to reach the Everest summit.

Syn: peak, topAnt: bottom

💡 Exam tip: Reach, climb or scale the summit are common combinations.

5. The Unbeaten Girls: Equality and Football (8 words)

counterpart[/ˈkaʊntəpɑːt/]nounmedium

Meaning: সমপর্যায়ের ব্যক্তি

Alt: অন্য পক্ষের অনুরূপ ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু

Example: Girls can perform as well as their male counterparts.

Syn: equivalent, peerAnt: opposite

💡 Exam tip: Male counterpart means a person of the same role or status who is male.

illuminate[/ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/]verbeasy

Meaning: আলোকিত করা

Alt: জ্ঞান বা আশার আলো ছড়ানো

Example: The girls illuminated their village with their success.

Syn: brighten, enlightenAnt: darken

💡 Exam tip: Illuminate can be literal or metaphorical.

emerge[/ɪˈmɜːdʒ/]verbeasy

Meaning: আত্মপ্রকাশ করা

Alt: দৃশ্যমান বা পরিচিত হয়ে ওঠা

Example: Kalsindur emerged as a symbol of girl power.

Syn: appear, ariseAnt: disappear

💡 Exam tip: Emerge as means gradually become recognized as.

mentor[/ˈmentɔː/]nounmedium

Meaning: পরামর্শদাতা ও প্রশিক্ষক

Alt: অভিজ্ঞ ব্যক্তি যিনি অন্যকে পথ দেখান

Example: Golam Robbani Choton mentored the young footballers.

Syn: coach, guideAnt: discourager

💡 Exam tip: Mentor can be used as both a noun and a verb.

clinch[/klɪntʃ/]verbmedium

Meaning: জয় নিশ্চিত করা

Alt: কোনো প্রতিযোগিতায় বিজয় অর্জন করা

Example: The team clinched the championship in 2018.

Syn: secure, winAnt: lose

💡 Exam tip: Clinch a victory, title or championship are common phrases.

adversity[/ədˈvɜːsəti/]nounmedium

Meaning: দুর্দশা; প্রতিকূলতা

Alt: কঠিন বা দুর্ভাগ্যজনক পরিস্থিতি

Example: The girls achieved success despite severe adversity.

Syn: hardship, difficultyAnt: prosperity

💡 Exam tip: The plural form is adversities.

inhibition[/ˌɪnhɪˈbɪʃən/]nounhard

Meaning: সংকোচ

Alt: আত্মবিশ্বাসের অভাবে সৃষ্ট বাধা

Example: Their victories helped them shake off their inhibitions.

Syn: constraint, self-consciousnessAnt: confidence

💡 Exam tip: Shake off inhibition means overcome shyness or hesitation.

reciprocal[/rɪˈsɪprəkəl/]adjhard

Meaning: পারস্পরিক

Alt: উভয় পক্ষের মধ্যে বিনিময়ভিত্তিক

Example: The story shows reciprocal respect between teachers and students.

Syn: mutual, sharedAnt: one-sided

💡 Exam tip: Reciprocal respect means respect given and received by both sides.

6. General Examination Vocabulary and Idioms (8 words)

dignity[/ˈdɪɡnəti/]nouneasy

Meaning: মর্যাদা

Alt: আত্মসম্মান ও সম্মানজনক আচরণ

Example: He carried himself with dignity during the liberation war.

Syn: honour, self-respectAnt: humiliation

💡 Exam tip: With dignity means in a calm and honourable manner.

whole-hearted[/ˌhəʊlˈhɑːtɪd/]adjmedium

Meaning: আন্তরিক

Alt: সম্পূর্ণ মনোযোগ ও উৎসাহপূর্ণ

Example: She gave whole-hearted support to the young athletes.

Syn: sincere, devotedAnt: half-hearted

💡 Exam tip: Whole-hearted involvement means complete and sincere participation.

be on top of the world[/biː ɒn tɒp əv ðə wɜːld/]advmedium

Meaning: অত্যন্ত আনন্দিত হওয়া

Alt: চরম সুখ বা সাফল্য অনুভব করা

Example: After winning the final, the girls were on top of the world.

Syn: be delighted, be thrilledAnt: be miserable

💡 Exam tip: This idiom is useful in narrative and congratulation writing.

with all one’s might[/wɪð ɔːl wʌnz maɪt/]advmedium

Meaning: সর্বশক্তি দিয়ে

Alt: পূর্ণ শক্তি ও প্রচেষ্টায়

Example: Brojen Das swam with all his might toward the shore.

Syn: 力fully, energeticallyAnt: weakly

💡 Exam tip: Use with all his or her might according to the subject.

crowned with success[/kraʊnd wɪð səkˈses/]adjmedium

Meaning: সাফল্যে পরিণত

Alt: সফলভাবে সম্পন্ন

Example: Her long training was crowned with success.

Syn: successful, fulfilledAnt: unsuccessful

💡 Exam tip: This is a useful phrase for concluding a success story.

get one’s teeth into[/ɡet wʌnz tiːθ ˈɪntuː/]verbhard

Meaning: উদ্যমের সঙ্গে কাজে লেগে পড়া

Alt: কঠিন কাজ শুরু করে গভীরভাবে মনোযোগ দেওয়া

Example: The swimmer got his teeth into the final strokes.

Syn: tackle, undertakeAnt: avoid

💡 Exam tip: The object usually comes after into: get one’s teeth into a task.

last drop of energy[/lɑːst drɒp əv ˈenədʒi/]nounmedium

Meaning: শেষ বিন্দু শক্তি

Alt: অবশিষ্ট সামান্য শক্তি

Example: She used the last drop of energy to cross the finish line.

Syn: final strength, remaining energyAnt: complete exhaustion

💡 Exam tip: Use this phrase to emphasize extreme effort.

unleash[/ʌnˈliːʃ/]verbmedium

Meaning: মুক্ত করে দেওয়া

Alt: শক্তি, আবেগ বা সম্ভাবনাকে প্রকাশ করা

Example: The victory unleashed the girls’ confidence and ambition.

Syn: release, liberateAnt: restrain

💡 Exam tip: Unleash potential, power, anger or creativity are common collocations.

💡 Exam Tips

• Learn each word with its Bengali meaning, part of speech and one natural example sentence.

• Practise synonym and antonym questions from the passages on youthful achievers.

• Use collocations such as show determination, overcome obstacles, achieve success and reach the summit.

• In paragraph writing, connect achievement vocabulary with causes: dedication, training, perseverance and parental support.

• Remember the idioms: be on top of the world means be very happy; with all one’s might means with full strength.

• For transformation questions, identify the word family before changing the grammatical form.

• Use formal words such as adversity, commitment, perseverance and inspirational in essays about success.

• Check spelling carefully: perseverance, determination, counterpart, illuminate and inauguration are commonly misspelled words.

ENGLISH FOR TODAY Classes XI-XII & Alim - Unit Four: Youthful Achievers - Vocabulary

Chapter: Unit Four: Youthful Achievers

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