Chapter Seven
Textual Dictionary
Life-sketch of Ideal Persons
Hindu Religion Studies Class Six (English Version)
The words below are taken from this chapter. Bengali meanings are given for learners.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| welfare (ওয়েলফেয়ার) | কল্যাণ (well-being) | good (মঙ্গল) | evil (অমঙ্গল) | He took birth in human body for the welfare of this world. তিনি এই জগতের কল্যাণের জন্য মানবদেহে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। |
| noble (নোবল) | মহৎ (of excellent character) | great (মহান); good (ভালো) | bad (খারাপ); wicked (দুষ্ট) | So many great men and noble ladies were born in this Indian subcontinent. এই ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশে অনেক মহান পুরুষ ও মহৎ নারী জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | অনুপ্রাণিত করা (to encourage) | — | — | We may get inspiration from them to make our life beautiful. আমরা আমাদের জীবন সুন্দর করার জন্য তাঁদের কাছ থেকে অনুপ্রেরণা পেতে পারি। |
| virtuous (ভার্চুয়াস) | পুণ্যবান বা সৎ (morally good) | pious (ধার্মিক); good (সৎ) | wicked (দুষ্ট); bad (অসৎ) | He destroyed the evil power and saved the righteous. তিনি অশুভ শক্তিকে ধ্বংস করে সৎ লোকদের রক্ষা করেছিলেন। |
| prison (প্রিজন) | কারাগার (a place for prisoners) | prison-cell (কারাকক্ষ) | — | Basudeva came back to the prison of Kansa quietly. বসুদেব নীরবে কংসের কারাগারে ফিরে এলেন। |
| asceticism (অ্যাসেটিসিজম) | তপস্যা বা সন্ন্যাসজীবন (a life of religious self-discipline) | rituals (ধর্মীয় আচার); meditation (ধ্যান) | — | From here on, Lokanath began his new life of serving mankind and practising asceticism. এরপর লোকনাথ মানবসেবা ও তপস্যার নতুন জীবন শুরু করেন। |
Word count: 6
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter before studying the dictionary table.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Read each example sentence carefully to understand the word in context.
- Use the example sentences as models for your own writing practice.
- Review the synonyms and antonyms to enlarge your vocabulary.
- Use only words taken from this chapter when completing chapter-based exercises.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| welfare (WEL-fair) | The well-being or good condition of people. | well-being; good | evil | He took birth in human body for the welfare of this world. |
| noble (NOH-bəl) | Having an excellent or honourable character. | great; good | bad; wicked | So many great men and noble ladies were born in this Indian subcontinent. |
| inspire (in-SPY-er) | To encourage someone to do something good. | inspiration; encourage | — | We may get inspiration from them to make our life beautiful. |
| virtuous (VUR-choo-us) | Morally good and righteous. | pious; good | wicked; bad | In this way Shri Krishna destroyed the wicked and saved the virtuous. |
| prison (PRIZ-ən) | A place for prisoners. | prison-cell | — | Basudeva came back to the prison of Kansa quietly. |
| asceticism (uh-SET-uh-siz-əm) | A life of religious self-discipline. | rituals; meditation | — | From here on, Lokanath began his new life of serving mankind and practising asceticism. |
◆ Key Points
- The biographies of great men and noble ladies are considered ideal because they inspire people to make life beautiful.
- Shri Krishna took birth in human form for the welfare of the world.
- Shri Krishna destroyed evil powers and saved righteous people.
- Kansa ruled Mathura as a tyrant and sent Debaki and Basudeva to prison.
- Shri Krishna was the eighth son of Debaki.
- Basudeva carried the infant Krishna from the prison to Gokula.
- Putana came to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady.
- Krishna defeated Putana and saved the children of Gokula.
- Lokanath Brahmachari began a life of serving mankind and practising asceticism.
- Lokanath treated people equally without differences of caste, creed or religion.
- Lokanath loved human beings, animals and birds.
- The life of Lokanath teaches us to respect parents and serve others.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| great (grayt) | Very important, good, or admirable. | noble (honourable); good (morally right) | bad (not good); wicked (evil) | The chapter describes the lives of great persons. |
| noble (NOH-bəl) | Having an excellent or honourable character. | great (important); good (morally right) | wicked (evil); bad (not good) | Noble people work for the welfare of mankind. |
| ladies (LAY-deez) | Women, especially respectable women. | women (female people); noble women (honourable women) | — | The chapter tells us about noble ladies. |
| welfare (WEL-fair) | The well-being or good condition of people. | well-being (good condition); good (benefit) | evil (harm); danger (risk) | Shri Krishna took birth for the welfare of the world. |
| world (wurld) | The earth and all the people living on it. | earth (the planet); mankind (human beings) | — | The great persons did good for the world. |
| mankind (man-KYND) | All human beings. | human beings (people); people (men and women) | — | Lokanath devoted his life to serving mankind. |
| learn (lurn) | To gain knowledge or understanding. | know (understand); study (gain knowledge) | — | We can learn many good things from their biographies. |
| biographies (bye-OG-ruh-feez) | Accounts of people's lives. | life-sketches (life accounts); accounts (descriptions) | — | Their biographies inspire students. |
| inspiration (in-spuh-RAY-shən) | Encouragement to do something good. | encouragement (support); teaching (guidance) | — | The lives of ideal persons give us inspiration. |
| beautiful (BYOO-tuh-fəl) | Good, pleasant, or attractive. | good (morally right); ideal (excellent) | bad (not good); wicked (evil) | Good actions can make our life beautiful. |
| ideal (eye-DEE-əl) | A perfect model worthy of following. | great (excellent); noble (honourable) | wicked (evil); bad (not good) | Their lives are ideal for us. |
| described (di-SKRYBD) | Explained or presented in words. | explained (made clear); narrated (told) | — | The childhood activities of Shri Krishna are described in the lesson. |
| chapter (CHAP-ter) | A main division of a book. | lesson (part of a book); section (division) | — | This chapter presents the lives of ideal persons. |
| narrate (nuh-RAYT) | To tell an event or story in order. | explain (make clear); give an account (tell) | — | Students can narrate an incident from Krishna's childhood. |
| ideals (eye-DEE-əlz) | Good principles or examples to follow. | teachings (lessons); examples (models) | — | The ideals of Lokanath teach us to serve others. |
Word count: 15
◆ Key Points
- The biographies of great men and noble ladies are considered ideal because they inspire people to make life beautiful.
- The five ideal persons named in the chapter are Shri Krishna, Shri Ramakrishna, Rani Rasmoni, Bamakshepa, and Lokanath Brahmachari.
- Shri Krishna took birth in human form for the welfare of the world.
- Shri Krishna destroyed evil powers and saved righteous people.
- Kansa ruled Mathura as a tyrant and sent Debaki and Basudeva to prison.
- Shri Krishna was the eighth son of Debaki.
- Basudeva carried the infant Krishna from the prison to Gokula.
- Putana went to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady and was defeated by Krishna.
- Krishna saved the children of Gokula from dangerous enemies.
- Lokanath Brahmachari began a life of serving mankind and practising asceticism.
- Lokanath treated people equally without differences of caste, creed, or religion.
- Lokanath loved human beings, animals, and birds.
- The life of Lokanath teaches us to respect parents and serve others.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oracle (OR-uh-kuhl) | A message or prediction about the future. | prediction; prophecy | — | Kansa heard an oracle about the eighth son of Devaki. |
| inflamed (in-FLAYMD) | Filled with strong anger. | angered; enraged | calm; peaceful | Hearing the oracle, Kansa was inflamed with rage. |
| rage (rayj) | Very strong anger. | anger; fury | calmness; peace | The oracle filled Kansa with rage. |
| tyrant (TY-runt) | A cruel and oppressive ruler. | oppressor; dictator | liberator; protector | Kansa was a very tyrant ruler of Mathura. |
| imprisoned (im-PRIZ-und) | Kept in prison. | confined; jailed | freed; released | Kansa imprisoned his father Ugrasen. |
| throne (throhn) | The special seat of a king or ruler. | royal seat; kingship | — | Kansa occupied his father's throne. |
| pious (PY-us) | Religious and devoted to God. | devout; religious | wicked; sinful | Basudeva was a very pious and handsome person. |
| handsome (HAN-sum) | Good-looking in appearance. | attractive; good-looking | ugly; unattractive | Basudeva was a handsome person. |
| infant (IN-funt) | A very young child or baby. | baby; newborn | adult; grown-up | Basudeva took his infant in his lap. |
| lunar (LOO-nur) | Related to the moon. | moon-related; celestial | — | Krishna was born on the eighth lunar day. |
| overcast (OH-vur-kast) | Covered with dark clouds. | cloudy; gloomy | clear; bright | The night was overcast with deep darkness. |
| astounded (uh-STOWND-id) | Filled with great surprise. | amazed; astonished | un surprised; calm | Kansa became astounded in fear. |
| disguise (dis-GYZ) | A changed appearance used to hide identity. | disguise; concealment | revelation; disclosure | Putana went to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady. |
| compassionate (kum-PASH-uh-nut) | Showing sympathy and kindness. | kind; merciful | cruel; unkind | Yashoda became compassionate after hearing Putana. |
| devoted (di-VOH-tid) | Very loyal and committed. | loyal; dedicated | disloyal; careless | Kansa sent one of his devoted attendants. |
Word count: 15
◆ Key Points
- Kansa ruled Mathura as a cruel and oppressive ruler.
- An oracle warned Kansa that Devaki's eighth son would kill him.
- Kansa sent Debaki and Basudeva into prison after their marriage.
- Basudeva handed their first six children over to Kansa.
- Balaram was the seventh son of Devaki and was moved to Rohinee's womb.
- Shri Krishna was the eighth son of Devaki.
- Basudeva carried the infant Krishna from the prison to Gokula.
- Putana entered Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady.
- Krishna defeated Putana and saved the children of Gokula.
- Krishna destroyed wicked powers and saved virtuous people.
- Lokanath Brahmachari practised religious rituals, meditation and asceticism.
- Lokanath treated people equally without differences of caste, creed or religion.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oracle (অরাকল) | ভবিষ্যৎ সম্পর্কে দৈববাণী বা বার্তা (a message about the future) | prediction (ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী); prophecy (দৈববাণী) | — | Kansa heard an oracle about the eighth son of Devaki. কংস দেবকীর অষ্টম পুত্র সম্পর্কে একটি দৈববাণী শুনেছিলেন। |
| tyrant (টাইরান্ট) | নিষ্ঠুর ও অত্যাচারী শাসক (a cruel and oppressive ruler) | cruel (নিষ্ঠুর); oppressive (অত্যাচারী) | — | Kansa was a very tyrant ruler of Mathura. কংস মথুরার একজন অত্যন্ত অত্যাচারী শাসক ছিলেন। |
| virtuous (ভার্চুয়াস) | সৎ ও নৈতিকভাবে ভালো (morally good and righteous) | righteous (ধার্মিক); pious (পুণ্যবান); good (সৎ) | wicked (দুষ্ট); sinners (পাপী) | Shri Krishna destroyed the wicked and saved the virtuous. শ্রীকৃষ্ণ দুষ্টদের ধ্বংস করেছিলেন এবং সৎ লোকদের রক্ষা করেছিলেন। |
| lunar (লুনার) | চাঁদ বা চন্দ্রের সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত (related to the moon) | moon-related (চাঁদ-সম্পর্কিত); celestial (আকাশীয়) | — | Krishna was born on the eighth lunar day. কৃষ্ণ অষ্টম চন্দ্র তিথিতে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। |
| prison-cell (প্রিজন-সেল) | কারাগারের একটি কক্ষ (a room in a prison) | prison (কারাগার); cell (কক্ষ) | — | Basudeva found the gate of the prison-cell open. বসুদেব কারাগারের কক্ষের দরজা খোলা দেখতে পেলেন। |
| infant (ইনফ্যান্ট) | খুব ছোট শিশু বা সদ্যোজাত সন্তান (a very young child) | child (শিশু); baby (বাচ্চা); newborn (নবজাতক) | — | Basudeva took his infant in his lap. বসুদেব তাঁর শিশুকে কোলে নিয়েছিলেন। |
| disguise (ডিসগাইজ) | পরিচয় গোপন করার জন্য পরিবর্তিত চেহারা (a changed appearance used to hide identity) | concealment (গোপন করা); changed appearance (পরিবর্তিত চেহারা) | revelation (প্রকাশ); disclosure (উন্মোচন) | Putana went to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady. পুতনা সুন্দরী নারীর ছদ্মবেশে গোকুলে গিয়েছিল। |
| compassionate (কমপ্যাশনেট) | সহানুভূতিশীল ও দয়ালু (showing sympathy and kindness) | kind (দয়ালু); merciful (করুণাময়) | cruel (নিষ্ঠুর); unkind (নির্দয়) | Yashoda became compassionate after hearing Putana. পুতনার কথা শুনে যশোদা সহানুভূতিশীল হয়েছিলেন। |
| asceticism (অ্যাসেটিসিজম) | ধর্মীয় আত্মসংযম ও সন্ন্যাসজীবন (a life of religious self-discipline) | sainthood (সাধুত্ব); meditation (ধ্যান); rituals (ধর্মীয় আচার) | — | Lokanath began his new life of serving mankind and practising asceticism. লোকনাথ মানবসেবা ও তপস্যার নতুন জীবন শুরু করেছিলেন। |
| hermitage (হারমিটেজ) | সন্ন্যাসী বা সাধুর আশ্রম (the home of a hermit or saint) | ashram (আশ্রম); abode (বাসস্থান) | — | Many birds were there in his hermitage. তাঁর আশ্রমে অনেক পাখি ছিল। |
Total terms: 10
5. Words in Context
Read the passage carefully. The bold words come from the chapter and are used in connected sentences to show their meanings in context.
The biographies of great men and noble ladies give us inspiration to make our lives beautiful. Shri Krishna worked for the welfare of the world and saved the virtuous from wicked powers. An oracle warned Kansa about the eighth son of Devaki, but the cruel tyrant could not change the course of events. Basudeva carried the infant Krishna to Gokula, while Putana entered the village in the disguise of a beautiful lady. Later, Lokanath began a life of serving mankind and practising asceticism.
Use the examples below as models. First try to explain each word from the passage, and then check the meaning, related words, and opposite words in the table.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| biographies (bye-OG-ruh-feez) | Accounts of people's lives. | life-sketches; accounts | — | Their biographies teach students many good things. |
| inspiration (in-spuh-RAY-shun) | Encouragement to do something good. | encouragement; teaching | — | The lives of ideal persons give us inspiration. |
| welfare (WEL-fair) | The well-being or good condition of people. | good; benefit | evil; danger | Shri Krishna took birth for the welfare of the world. |
| virtuous (VUR-choo-us) | Morally good and righteous. | pious; good | wicked; sinners | Krishna saved the virtuous from wicked powers. |
| oracle (OR-uh-kuhl) | A message or prediction about the future. | prediction; prophecy | — | Kansa heard an oracle about the eighth son of Devaki. |
| tyrant (TY-runt) | A cruel and oppressive ruler. | cruel; oppressive | — | The tyrant ruler of Mathura frightened his people. |
| infant (IN-funt) | A very young child or baby. | child; baby | — | Basudeva took the infant Krishna in his lap. |
| disguise (dis-GYZE) | A changed appearance used to hide identity. | concealment; changed appearance | revelation; disclosure | Putana went to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady. |
| asceticism (uh-SET-uh-siz-um) | A life of religious self-discipline. | rituals; meditation | — | Lokanath began a new life of serving mankind and practising asceticism. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each English word with its correct meaning. The meanings are shuffled.
| Word | Shuffled Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1. welfare | A. A changed appearance used to hide identity. |
| 2. noble | B. A very young child or baby. |
| 3. inspire | C. A life of religious self-discipline. |
| 4. virtuous | D. The well-being or good condition of people. |
| 5. prison | E. A home or abode connected with a saint. |
| 6. asceticism | F. A place for prisoners. |
| 7. tyrant | G. To encourage someone to do something good. |
| 8. infant | H. Morally good and righteous. |
| 9. disguise | I. A cruel and oppressive ruler. |
| 10. hermitage | J. Having an excellent or honourable character. |
Answer Key: 1-D, 2-J, 3-G, 4-H, 5-F, 6-C, 7-I, 8-B, 9-A, 10-E
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| welfare (ওয়েলফেয়ার) | কল্যাণ (the well-being or good condition of people) | well-being (সুস্থতা); good (মঙ্গল) | evil (অমঙ্গল); danger (বিপদ) | He took birth in human body for the welfare of this world. তিনি এই জগতের কল্যাণের জন্য মানবদেহে জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। |
| noble (নোবল) | মহৎ (having an excellent or honourable character) | great (মহান); good (ভালো) | bad (খারাপ); wicked (দুষ্ট) | So many great men and noble ladies were born in this Indian subcontinent. এই ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশে অনেক মহান পুরুষ ও মহৎ নারী জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। |
| inspire (ইনস্পায়ার) | অনুপ্রাণিত করা (to encourage someone to do something good) | encourage (উৎসাহিত করা); motivate (প্রেরণা দেওয়া) | — | We may get inspiration from them to make our life beautiful. আমরা আমাদের জীবন সুন্দর করার জন্য তাঁদের কাছ থেকে অনুপ্রেরণা পেতে পারি। |
| virtuous (ভার্চুয়াস) | পুণ্যবান বা সৎ (morally good and righteous) | pious (ধার্মিক); good (সৎ) | wicked (দুষ্ট); bad (অসৎ) | He destroyed the evil power and saved the righteous. তিনি অশুভ শক্তিকে ধ্বংস করে সৎ লোকদের রক্ষা করেছিলেন। |
| prison (প্রিজন) | কারাগার (a place for prisoners) | prison-cell (কারাকক্ষ); jail (জেলখানা) | — | Basudeva came back to the prison of Kansa quietly. বসুদেব নীরবে কংসের কারাগারে ফিরে এলেন। |
| asceticism (অ্যাসেটিসিজম) | তপস্যা বা সন্ন্যাসজীবন (a life of religious self-discipline) | rituals (ধর্মীয় আচার); meditation (ধ্যান) | — | Lokanath began his new life of serving mankind and practising asceticism. লোকনাথ মানবসেবা ও তপস্যার নতুন জীবন শুরু করেন। |
| tyrant (টাইরান্ট) | নিষ্ঠুর ও অত্যাচারী শাসক (a cruel and oppressive ruler) | oppressor (অত্যাচারী); dictator (স্বৈরশাসক) | liberator (মুক্তিদাতা); protector (রক্ষক) | Kansa was a very tyrant ruler of Mathura. কংস মথুরার একজন অত্যন্ত অত্যাচারী শাসক ছিলেন। |
| infant (ইনফ্যান্ট) | শিশু (a very young child or baby) | child (শিশু); baby (শিশু) | adult (প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক) | Basudeva took the infant Krishna in his lap. বসুদেব শিশু কৃষ্ণকে কোলে নিয়েছিলেন। |
| disguise (ডিসগাইজ) | ছদ্মবেশ (a changed appearance used to hide identity) | concealment (গোপন করা); changed appearance (পরিবর্তিত চেহারা) | revelation (প্রকাশ); disclosure (উন্মোচন) | Putana went to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady. পুতনা এক সুন্দরী নারীর ছদ্মবেশে গোকুলে গিয়েছিল। |
| hermitage (হারমিটেজ) | সন্ন্যাসী বা সাধুর আশ্রম (the home of a hermit or saint) | ashram (আশ্রম); abode (বাসস্থান) | — | Many birds were there in his hermitage. তাঁর আশ্রমে অনেক পাখি ছিল। |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Match welfare with its meaning.
Sol: welfare = the well-being or good condition of people
Therefore, welfare = কল্যাণ. Ans. D
Therefore, welfare = কল্যাণ. Ans. D
Ex. Match virtuous with its meaning.
Sol: virtuous = morally good and righteous
Therefore, virtuous = পুণ্যবান বা সৎ. Ans. H
Therefore, virtuous = পুণ্যবান বা সৎ. Ans. H
Ex. Match disguise with its meaning.
Sol: disguise = a changed appearance
A changed appearance is used to hide identity.
Therefore, disguise = ছদ্মবেশ. Ans. A
A changed appearance is used to hide identity.
Therefore, disguise = ছদ্মবেশ. Ans. A
Ex. Match asceticism with its meaning.
Sol: asceticism = a life of religious self-discipline
Therefore, asceticism = তপস্যা বা সন্ন্যাসজীবন. Ans. C
Therefore, asceticism = তপস্যা বা সন্ন্যাসজীবন. Ans. C
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Fill in each blank with the correct word from the word bank.
Word Bank: welfare · noble · inspire · virtuous · prison · asceticism · tyrant · infant · disguise · hermitage
- Shri Krishna took birth in human form for the ______ of the world.
- Many great men and ______ ladies were born in the Indian subcontinent.
- The lives of ideal persons ______ us to make our lives beautiful.
- Shri Krishna saved the ______ people from evil powers.
- Basudeva came back to the ______ of Kansa quietly.
- Lokanath began practising ______ after travelling through many countries.
- Kansa was a very ______ ruler of Mathura.
- Basudeva took the ______ Krishna in his lap.
- Putana went to Gokula in the ______ of a beautiful lady.
- Many birds lived in Lokanath's ______.
Answer Key
- welfare
- noble
- inspire
- virtuous
- prison
- asceticism
- tyrant
- infant
- disguise
- hermitage
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Choose the correct synonym or antonym as directed.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| great (grayt) | Very important, good, or admirable. | noble; ideal | wicked; bad | The chapter describes the lives of great persons. |
| welfare (WEL-fair) | The well-being or good condition of people. | good; benefit | evil; danger | Shri Krishna took birth for the welfare of the world. |
| beautiful (BYOO-tuh-fuhl) | Good, pleasant, or attractive. | good; ideal | bad; wicked | We may get inspiration from them to make our life beautiful. |
| virtuous (VUR-choo-us) | Morally good and righteous. | pious; good | wicked; bad | Shri Krishna saved the virtuous people. |
| tyrant (TY-runt) | A cruel and oppressive ruler. | oppressor; dictator | protector; liberator | Kansa was a very tyrant ruler of Mathura. |
| infant (IN-funt) | A very young child or baby. | child; baby | adult | Basudeva took the infant Krishna in his lap. |
| disguise (dis-GYZE) | A changed appearance used to hide identity. | concealment; changed appearance | revelation; disclosure | Putana went to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady. |
| hermitage (HER-mi-tahj) | The home of a hermit or saint. | ashram; abode | — | Many birds were there in his hermitage. |
| asceticism (uh-SET-uh-siz-um) | A life of religious self-discipline. | rituals; meditation | — | Lokanath began his new life of serving mankind and practising asceticism. |
| prison (PRIZ-un) | A place for prisoners. | prison-cell; jail | freedom; release | Basudeva came back to the prison of Kansa quietly. |
Answer Key: 1. noble 2. evil 3. good 4. pious 5. oppressor 6. child 7. concealment 8. ashram 9. meditation 10. prison-cell
Ex. Choose a synonym of great.
Sol:
great = noble
great = ideal
Ans. noble
great = noble
great = ideal
Ans. noble
Ex. Choose an antonym of welfare.
Sol:
welfare = good condition
opposite = evil
Ans. evil
welfare = good condition
opposite = evil
Ans. evil
Ex. Choose a synonym of virtuous.
Sol:
virtuous = morally good
virtuous = pious
Ans. pious
virtuous = morally good
virtuous = pious
Ans. pious
Ex. Choose an antonym of tyrant.
Sol:
tyrant = oppressive ruler
opposite = protector
Ans. protector
tyrant = oppressive ruler
opposite = protector
Ans. protector
Ex. Choose a synonym of disguise.
Sol:
disguise = changed appearance
disguise = concealment
Ans. concealment
disguise = changed appearance
disguise = concealment
Ans. concealment
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Write one meaningful sentence with each word. Use the chapter context to understand the words.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| subcontinent (sub-KON-ti-nent) | A large landmass containing several countries. | region; landmass | — | Many great men and noble ladies were born in the Indian subcontinent. Many great men and noble ladies were born in this large region. |
| biographies (bye-OG-ruh-feez) | Accounts of people's lives. | life-sketches; accounts | — | The biographies of ideal persons teach us many good things. The life-sketches of ideal persons teach us many good things. |
| righteous (RY-chus) | Morally good and deserving protection. | virtuous; pious | wicked; sinful | Shri Krishna protected the righteous people from evil powers. |
| throne (throhn) | The special seat of a king or ruler. | royal seat; kingship | — | Kansa occupied his father's throne and ruled Mathura. |
| oracle (OR-uh-kuhl) | A message or prediction about the future. | prediction; prophecy | — | The oracle warned Kansa about Devaki's eighth son. |
| imprisoned (im-PRIZ-und) | Kept in prison. | confined; jailed | freed; released | Kansa imprisoned Devaki and Basudeva after their marriage. |
| hermitage (HER-mi-tahj) | The home of a hermit or saint. | ashram; abode | — | Lokanath served people and birds in his hermitage. |
| compassionate (kuhm-PASH-uh-nit) | Feeling pity and kindness toward others. | kind; merciful | cruel; unkind | Yashoda became compassionate when she heard Putana's story. |
Answer Key: Model Sentences
- Many great men and noble ladies were born in the Indian subcontinent.
- The biographies of ideal persons teach us many good things.
- Shri Krishna protected the righteous people from evil powers.
- Kansa occupied his father's throne and ruled Mathura.
- The oracle warned Kansa about Devaki's eighth son.
- Kansa imprisoned Devaki and Basudeva after their marriage.
- Lokanath served people and birds in his hermitage.
- Yashoda became compassionate when she heard Putana's story.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Meanings in Context
1. What does welfare mean in the sentence “He took birth in human body for the welfare of this world”?
A. Anger
B. Well-being
C. Imprisonment
D. Darkness
Sol: [B] Welfare means the good condition or well-being of people.
2. Which meaning best describes noble?
A. Having an excellent character
B. Being kept in a prison
C. Being filled with rage
D. Being hidden from view
Sol: [A] Noble describes a person with an excellent or honourable character.
3. In the chapter, asceticism refers to which kind of life?
A. A life of royal luxury
B. A life of religious self-discipline
C. A life of constant anger
D. A life of ruling Mathura
Sol: [B] Lokanath began a life of serving mankind and practising religious self-discipline.
Synonyms and Antonyms
4. Which word is a synonym of virtuous?
A. Wicked
B. Pious
C. Furious
D. Confined
Sol: [B] Virtuous means morally good, and pious is given as its synonym.
5. Which word is an antonym of tyrant?
A. Oppressor
B. Dictator
C. Protector
D. Ruler
Sol: [C] A tyrant is an oppressive ruler, while a protector defends others.
6. Which option gives a synonym of disguise?
A. Concealment
B. Welfare
C. Inspiration
D. Meditation
Sol: [A] A disguise is a changed appearance used for concealment.
Usage in the Chapter
7. Kansa became inflamed after hearing the oracle. What does this show?
A. He became filled with anger
B. He became peaceful
C. He became compassionate
D. He began meditating
Sol: [A] In the chapter, inflamed means filled with strong anger or rage.
8. Why did Putana go to Gokula in the disguise of a beautiful lady?
A. To practise meditation
B. To hide her real identity
C. To visit Lokanath
D. To occupy a throne
Sol: [B] Her disguise concealed that she was a demon sent to kill the children.
9. Which sentence uses hermitage correctly according to the chapter?
A. Lokanath's hermitage was a place where birds and devotees stayed.
B. Kansa's hermitage was his royal throne.
C. The hermitage was the sword used by Kansa.
D. Putana carried the hermitage across the river.
Sol: [A] A hermitage is the home or abode of a hermit or saint.
10. Which word completes the sentence correctly? “Kansa heard an ______ about Devaki's eighth son.”
A. oracle
B. hermitage
C. asceticism
D. welfare
Sol: [A] An oracle is a message or prediction about the future.