Textual Dictionary
CHAPTER FIVE
Deities & Puja-Festival
Deities & Puja-Festival
Hindu Religion Studies Class Six (English Version)
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter before studying the word list.
- Cover the Meaning column and test yourself.
- Read each English example sentence carefully.
- Use the example sentences for writing practice.
- Review the synonyms and antonyms after learning each word.
- Read the Key Points box again before answering questions.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deity (ডিইটি) | দেবতা বা দেবী (a god or goddess) | god (দেবতা), goddess (দেবী), divinity (দৈব সত্তা) | — | The visible appearance of Ishwar is called a deity. ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপকে দেবতা বা দেবী বলা হয়। |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | পূজা বা উপাসনা (prayer and honour) | adoration (ভক্তিপূর্ণ উপাসনা), prayer (প্রার্থনা), reverence (শ্রদ্ধা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | We worship gods and goddesses to show respect. আমরা সম্মান দেখাতে দেবতা ও দেবীদের পূজা করি। |
| visible (ভিজিবল) | দৃশ্যমান (able to be seen) | seen (দেখা যায় এমন), apparent (প্রকাশ্য), clear (স্পষ্ট) | invisible (অদৃশ্য), hidden (গোপন) | Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar. পূজা বলতে ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপের উপাসনা বোঝায়। |
| festival (ফেস্টিভ্যাল) | উৎসব (a joyful programme) | parba (পর্ব), celebration (উদ্যাপন), festivity (আনন্দোৎসব) | sorrow (দুঃখ), mourning (শোক) | Festival means joyous programmes. উৎসব বলতে আনন্দময় অনুষ্ঠান বোঝায়। |
| offering (অফারিং) | নিবেদন বা অর্পণ (something given with respect) | gift (উপহার), dedication (নিবেদন), donation (দান) | taking (গ্রহণ), refusal (প্রত্যাখ্যান) | People offer flowers, fruits and water. মানুষ ফুল, ফল ও জল নিবেদন করে। |
| success (সাকসেস) | সাফল্য (achievement) | achievement (অর্জন), fulfillment (সাধন), proficiency (দক্ষতা) | failure (ব্যর্থতা), defeat (পরাজয়) | Lord Ganesha is the god of success. ভগবান গণেশ সাফল্যের দেবতা। |
| knowledge (নলেজ) | জ্ঞান (understanding gained through learning) | learning (শিক্ষা), wisdom (প্রজ্ঞা), information (তথ্য) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা), unawareness (অসচেতনতা) | Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. সরস্বতী জ্ঞানের দেবী। |
| discipline (ডিসিপ্লিন) | শৃঙ্খলা (orderly and controlled conduct) | order (শৃঙ্খলা), control (নিয়ন্ত্রণ), restraint (সংযম) | disorder (বিশৃঙ্খলা), carelessness (অসাবধানতা) | Patience and discipline are needed for success. সাফল্যের জন্য ধৈর্য ও শৃঙ্খলা প্রয়োজন। |
✦ Key Points
- Deities are the visible appearance of Ishwar.
- Brahma creates, Vishnu takes care of creatures, and Shiva keeps balance by destroying.
- Saraswati is the deity of knowledge, culture and arts.
- Ganesha is the remover of obstacles and the lord of success.
- In Hindu religion, Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar.
- Flowers, fruits, water, dhupa and dwip are used as offerings.
- Puja-Parbana includes joyful programmes connected with worship.
- Worship creates opportunities for social meeting and awakens brotherhood.
- Ganesha is worshipped before starting a deed for success.
- Basil leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
- Saraswati Puja is held on the fifth lunar day of the bright fortnight of Magh.
- Red flowers, especially Palash, are used for Saraswati Pushpanjali.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| visible (ভিজিবল) | দৃশ্যমান (able to be seen) | seen (দেখা যায় এমন), apparent (প্রকাশ্য), clear (স্পষ্ট) | invisible (অদৃশ্য), hidden (গোপন) | The visible appearance of Ishwar is called deities. ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপকে দেবতা বা দেবী বলা হয়। |
| appearance (অ্যাপিয়ারেন্স) | রূপ বা প্রকাশ (the way something looks) | form (রূপ), look (চেহারা), aspect (দিক) | disappearance (অদৃশ্য হওয়া), absence (অনুপস্থিতি) | The visible appearance of Ishwar is called deities. ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপকে দেবতা বা দেবী বলা হয়। |
| deities (ডিইটিজ) | দেবতা বা দেবীগণ (gods and goddesses) | gods (দেবতাগণ), goddesses (দেবীগণ), divinities (দৈব সত্তাগণ) | — | Deities possess different powers and qualities of Ishwar. দেবতা ও দেবীগণের ঈশ্বরের বিভিন্ন শক্তি ও গুণ রয়েছে। |
| possess (পজেস) | অধিকারী হওয়া বা ধারণ করা (to have) | have (থাকা), own (মালিক হওয়া), hold (ধারণ করা) | lack (অভাব থাকা), lose (হারানো) | These deities possess different powers and qualities of Ishwar. এই দেবতা ও দেবীগণের ঈশ্বরের বিভিন্ন শক্তি ও গুণ রয়েছে। |
| special (স্পেশাল) | বিশেষ (different from what is usual) | particular (নির্দিষ্ট), unique (অনন্য), distinct (স্বতন্ত্র) | ordinary (সাধারণ), common (প্রচলিত) | These deities possess special quality and power of Ishwar. এই দেবতা ও দেবীগণের ঈশ্বরের বিশেষ গুণ ও শক্তি রয়েছে। |
| quality (কোয়ালিটি) | গুণ (a good or distinguishing feature) | feature (বৈশিষ্ট্য), character (চরিত্র), merit (যোগ্যতা) | fault (দোষ), weakness (দুর্বলতা) | Saraswati is the deity of knowledge and culture. সরস্বতী জ্ঞান ও সংস্কৃতির দেবী। |
| power (পাওয়ার) | শক্তি বা ক্ষমতা (strength or ability) | strength (শক্তি), ability (সামর্থ্য), force (বল) | weakness (দুর্বলতা), inability (অক্ষমতা) | These deities possess different powers of Ishwar. এই দেবতা ও দেবীগণের ঈশ্বরের বিভিন্ন শক্তি রয়েছে। |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | পূজা বা উপাসনা (honour paid to a deity) | adoration (ভক্তিপূর্ণ উপাসনা), prayer (প্রার্থনা), reverence (শ্রদ্ধা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | We worship these deities to achieve their power and quality. তাঁদের শক্তি ও গুণ লাভের জন্য আমরা এই দেবতা ও দেবীদের পূজা করি। |
| achieve (অ্যাচিভ) | অর্জন করা (to gain successfully) | gain (লাভ করা), attain (অর্জন করা), accomplish (সম্পন্ন করা) | lose (হারানো), fail (ব্যর্থ হওয়া) | We worship these deities to achieve their power and quality. তাঁদের শক্তি ও গুণ লাভের জন্য আমরা এই দেবতা ও দেবীদের পূজা করি। |
| Puja (পূজা) | পূজা বা সম্মান প্রদর্শন (worship or honour) | worship (উপাসনা), honour (সম্মান), prayer (প্রার্থনা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | In Hindu religion, Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar. হিন্দু ধর্মে পূজা বলতে ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপের উপাসনা বোঝায়। |
| honour (অনার) | সম্মান করা (to show respect) | respect (শ্রদ্ধা করা), praise (প্রশংসা করা), revere (শ্রদ্ধা করা) | insult (অপমান করা), disrespect (অসম্মান করা) | Puja means to praise or to pay respect. পূজা বলতে প্রশংসা করা বা সম্মান প্রদর্শন বোঝায়। |
| idol (আইডল) | প্রতিমা বা মূর্তি (a sacred image) | image (প্রতিমূর্তি), statue (মূর্তি), figure (আকৃতি) | — | People pay honour and respect to the idol of the gods and goddesses. মানুষ দেবতা ও দেবীদের প্রতিমাকে সম্মান প্রদর্শন করে। |
| flowers (ফ্লাওয়ার্স) | ফুল (the blossoms of plants) | blossoms (ফুল), blooms (ফুল), petals (পাপড়ি) | — | People offer flowers, fruits and water. মানুষ ফুল, ফল ও জল নিবেদন করে। |
| elements (এলিমেন্টস) | উপকরণ বা উপাদান (things used for a purpose) | materials (উপকরণ), items (সামগ্রী), parts (অংশ) | whole (সমগ্র), entirety (সম্পূর্ণতা) | People offer flowers and different other elements. মানুষ ফুল ও অন্যান্য বিভিন্ন উপকরণ নিবেদন করে। |
| festival (ফেস্টিভ্যাল) | উৎসব (a joyful programme) | parba (পর্ব), celebration (উদ্যাপন), festivity (আনন্দোৎসব) | sorrow (দুঃখ), mourning (শোক) | Festival means pleasure. উৎসব বলতে আনন্দ বোঝায়। |
✦ Key Points
- Deities are the visible appearance of Ishwar.
- Brahma creates, Vishnu takes care of creatures, and Shiva keeps balance by destroying.
- Deities possess different powers and qualities of Ishwar.
- Saraswati is the deity of knowledge, culture and arts.
- Ganesha is the remover of obstacles and the lord of success.
- In Hindu religion, Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar.
- Flowers, fruits, water, dhupa and dwip are used as offerings.
- Puja-Parbana includes joyful programmes connected with worship.
- Puja-Parbana creates opportunities for social meeting and awakens brotherhood.
- Ganesha is worshipped before starting a deed for success.
- Basil leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
- Saraswati Puja is held on the fifth lunar day of the bright fortnight of Magh.
- Red flowers, especially Palash, are used for Saraswati Pushpanjali.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ritual (RIT-choo-uhl) | a religious act or ceremony | ceremony, rite, observance | neglect, disregard | Puja includes several rights and rituals. |
| joyous (JOY-uhs) | full of happiness | happy, cheerful, delightful | sad, sorrowful, gloomy | Festival means joyous programmes. |
| activity (ak-TIV-uh-tee) | something that people do | action, work, operation | inactivity, idleness | The word activity means the rites and rituals of worship. |
| perform (per-FORM) | to carry out an action or ceremony | do, conduct, accomplish | avoid, abandon, neglect | People perform worship according to general rules. |
| region (REE-juhn) | an area or part of a country | area, district, locality | — | There is a difference in rituals from region to region. |
| fundamental (fun-duh-MEN-tuhl) | basic and most important | basic, essential, primary | minor, secondary, unimportant | There is no difference in the fundamental rights and rituals. |
| arrangement (uh-RAYNJ-muhnt) | the preparation of something | preparation, organization, plan | disorder, confusion | Different arrangements are made during Puja-Parbana. |
| devotee (deh-VOH-tee) | a person who worships with devotion | worshipper, believer, follower | unbeliever, critic | Devotees exchange greetings during the festival. |
| brotherhood (BRUH-thur-hood) | a feeling of friendship and unity | fellowship, unity, solidarity | enmity, hostility, division | Worship awakens brotherhood and fellow-feelings. |
| veneration (ven-uh-RAY-shuhn) | deep respect | reverence, respect, honour | disrespect, contempt, insult | Worship awakens veneration and faith to the desired deity. |
| sacred (SAY-krid) | holy and worthy of respect | holy, blessed, divine | unholy, profane, ordinary | Worship creates a religious and sacred environment. |
| impediment (im-PED-uh-muhnt) | something that causes difficulty | obstacle, hindrance, barrier | help, aid, advantage | Ganesha is known as the remover of impediments. |
| restraint (rih-STRAYNT) | self-control | control, discipline, moderation | excess, indulgence, disorder | Correctness, earnestness, restraint and discipline are needed for success. |
| eagerness (EE-gur-nis) | strong interest or desire | enthusiasm, keenness, interest | reluctance, indifference, apathy | Saraswati Puja increases the eagerness of gaining knowledge. |
| prosperity (proh-SPER-uh-tee) | success and well-being | success, progress, welfare | poverty, failure, decline | Affinity helps society advance to the path of prosperity. |
✦ Key Points
- Deities are the visible appearance of Ishwar.
- Brahma creates, Vishnu takes care of creatures, and Shiva keeps balance by destroying.
- Deities possess different powers and qualities of Ishwar.
- Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar in Hindu religion.
- Flowers, fruits, water, dhupa and dwip are used as offerings.
- Puja-Parbana includes joyful programmes connected with worship.
- Puja-Parbana creates opportunities for social meeting and awakens brotherhood.
- Ganesha is worshipped before starting a deed for success.
- Basil leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
- Saraswati Puja is held on the fifth lunar day of the bright fortnight of Magh.
- Red flowers, especially Palash, are used for Saraswati Pushpanjali.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deity (ডিইটি) | দেবতা বা দেবী (a god or goddess) | god (দেবতা), goddess (দেবী), divinity (দৈব সত্তা) | — | The visible appearance of Ishwar is called deities. ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপকে দেবতা বা দেবী বলা হয়। |
| Puja (পূজা) | পূজা বা সম্মান প্রদর্শন (worship or honour) | worship (উপাসনা), honour (সম্মান), prayer (প্রার্থনা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | In Hindu religion, Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar. হিন্দু ধর্মে পূজা বলতে ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপের উপাসনা বোঝায়। |
| Parbana (পার্বণ) | অনুষ্ঠান বা উৎসব (a ritual or festival) | festival (উৎসব), parba (পর্ব), celebration (উদ্যাপন) | sorrow (দুঃখ), mourning (শোক) | The festivals which make worshipping programmes joyful are called Puja-Parbana. যে উৎসব পূজার অনুষ্ঠানকে আনন্দময় করে, তাকে পূজা-পার্বণ বলা হয়। |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | পূজা বা উপাসনা (prayer and honour) | adoration (ভক্তিপূর্ণ উপাসনা), prayer (প্রার্থনা), reverence (শ্রদ্ধা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | We worship these deities to achieve their power and quality. তাঁদের শক্তি ও গুণ লাভের জন্য আমরা এই দেবতা ও দেবীদের পূজা করি। |
| offering (অফারিং) | নিবেদন বা অর্পণ (something given with respect) | gift (উপহার), dedication (নিবেদন), donation (দান) | taking (গ্রহণ), refusal (প্রত্যাখ্যান) | They offer flowers, fruits and water. তাঁরা ফুল, ফল ও জল নিবেদন করেন। |
| ritual (রিচুয়াল) | ধর্মীয় কাজ বা অনুষ্ঠান (a religious act or ceremony) | ceremony (অনুষ্ঠান), rite (ধর্মীয় রীতি), observance (আচার পালন) | neglect (অবহেলা), disregard (উপেক্ষা) | There is a difference in rituals from region to region. অঞ্চলভেদে আচার-অনুষ্ঠানে পার্থক্য রয়েছে। |
| Ganesha (গণেশ) | সাফল্যের দেবতা (the god of success) | Ganapati (গণপতি), Gajanan (গজানন), Binayak (বিনায়ক) | — | Lord Ganesha is the god of success. ভগবান গণেশ সাফল্যের দেবতা। |
| Saraswati (সরস্বতী) | জ্ঞান, সংস্কৃতি ও শিল্পকলার দেবী (the goddess of knowledge, culture and arts) | Bagdevi (বাগদেবী), Sarada (শারদা), Mahashweta (মহাশ্বেতা) | — | Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge, culture and arts. সরস্বতী জ্ঞান, সংস্কৃতি ও শিল্পকলার দেবী। |
| Pushpanjali (পুষ্পাঞ্জলি) | ফুল অর্পণ (an offering of flowers) | floral offering (ফুলের নিবেদন), offering (অর্পণ), tribute (শ্রদ্ধাঞ্জলি) | — | For Saraswati Pushpanjali red flower is needed. সরস্বতী পুষ্পাঞ্জলির জন্য লাল ফুল প্রয়োজন। |
| impediment (ইমপেডিমেন্ট) | বাধা বা অসুবিধা (something that causes difficulty) | obstacle (প্রতিবন্ধকতা), hindrance (বাধা), barrier (প্রতিরোধ) | help (সাহায্য), aid (সহায়তা), advantage (সুবিধা) | Ganesha is known as the remover of impediments. গণেশ বাধা দূরকারী হিসেবে পরিচিত। |
✦ Key Points
- Deities are the visible appearance of Ishwar.
- Brahma creates, Vishnu takes care of creatures, and Shiva keeps balance by destroying.
- Saraswati is the deity of knowledge, culture and arts.
- Ganesha is the remover of obstacles and the lord of success.
- In Hindu religion, Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar.
- Flowers, fruits, water, dhupa and dwip are used as offerings.
- Puja-Parbana includes joyful programmes connected with worship.
- Puja-Parbana creates opportunities for social meeting and awakens brotherhood.
- Ganesha is worshipped before starting a deed for success.
- Basil leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
- Saraswati Puja is held on the fifth lunar day of the bright fortnight of Magh.
- Red flowers, especially Palash, are used for Saraswati Pushpanjali.
5. Words in Context
During a Puja-Parbana, people gather to honour the deities and pray before their visible forms. They show worship by offering flowers, fruits, water, dhupa and dwip. These offerings help create a sacred atmosphere and make the festival joyful.
The ritual also teaches important lessons. Ganesha is worshipped for success, while Saraswati is honoured for knowledge. Earnest work, patience and discipline help learners apply these lessons in daily life. The visible forms of the deities remind devotees to respect their special qualities and powers.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deities (ডিইটিজ) | দেবতা বা দেবীগণ (gods and goddesses) | gods (দেবতাগণ), goddesses (দেবীগণ), divinities (দৈব সত্তাগণ) | — | Deities possess different powers and qualities of Ishwar. দেবতা ও দেবীগণের ঈশ্বরের বিভিন্ন শক্তি ও গুণ রয়েছে। |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | পূজা বা উপাসনা (prayer and honour) | adoration (ভক্তিপূর্ণ উপাসনা), prayer (প্রার্থনা), reverence (শ্রদ্ধা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | People worship the deities to show respect. মানুষ সম্মান দেখানোর জন্য দেবতা ও দেবীদের পূজা করে। |
| visible (ভিজিবল) | দৃশ্যমান (able to be seen) | seen (দেখা যায় এমন), apparent (প্রকাশ্য), clear (স্পষ্ট) | invisible (অদৃশ্য), hidden (গোপন) | Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar. পূজা বলতে ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপের উপাসনা বোঝায়। |
| offerings (অফারিংস) | নিবেদন বা অর্পণ (things given with respect) | gifts (উপহার), dedications (নিবেদন), donations (দান) | taking (গ্রহণ), refusal (প্রত্যাখ্যান) | Flowers, fruits and water are used as offerings. ফুল, ফল ও জল নিবেদন হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়। |
| festival (ফেস্টিভ্যাল) | উৎসব (a joyful programme) | parba (পর্ব), celebration (উদ্যাপন), festivity (আনন্দোৎসব) | sorrow (দুঃখ), mourning (শোক) | A festival includes joyful programmes connected with worship. একটি উৎসবে পূজার সঙ্গে যুক্ত আনন্দময় অনুষ্ঠান থাকে। |
| ritual (রিচুয়াল) | ধর্মীয় কাজ বা অনুষ্ঠান (a religious act or ceremony) | ceremony (অনুষ্ঠান), rite (ধর্মীয় রীতি), observance (আচার পালন) | neglect (অবহেলা), disregard (উপেক্ষা) | There is a difference in rituals from region to region. অঞ্চলভেদে আচার-অনুষ্ঠানে পার্থক্য রয়েছে। |
| success (সাকসেস) | সাফল্য (achievement) | achievement (অর্জন), fulfillment (সাধন), proficiency (দক্ষতা) | failure (ব্যর্থতা), defeat (পরাজয়) | Lord Ganesha is the god of success. ভগবান গণেশ সাফল্যের দেবতা। |
| knowledge (নলেজ) | জ্ঞান (understanding gained through learning) | learning (শিক্ষা), wisdom (প্রজ্ঞা), information (তথ্য) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা), unawareness (অসচেতনতা) | Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. সরস্বতী জ্ঞানের দেবী। |
| discipline (ডিসিপ্লিন) | শৃঙ্খলা (orderly and controlled conduct) | order (শৃঙ্খলা), control (নিয়ন্ত্রণ), restraint (সংযম) | disorder (বিশৃঙ্খলা), carelessness (অসাবধানতা) | Patience and discipline are needed for success. সাফল্যের জন্য ধৈর্য ও শৃঙ্খলা প্রয়োজন। |
The table contains 9 words from the chapter. Read each example aloud and use the Bengali meaning to check your understanding.
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in Column A with its correct meaning in Column B.
| Column A: Word | Column B: Meaning |
|---|---|
| 1. deity | A. full of happiness |
| 2. worship | B. understanding gained through learning |
| 3. visible | C. a religious act or ceremony |
| 4. festival | D. a god or goddess |
| 5. offering | E. able to be seen |
| 6. success | F. something given with respect |
| 7. knowledge | G. achievement |
| 8. discipline | H. honour paid to a deity |
| 9. ritual | I. orderly and controlled conduct |
| 10. joyous | J. a joyful programme |
Answer Key: 1-D, 2-H, 3-E, 4-J, 5-F, 6-G, 7-B, 8-I, 9-C, 10-A
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deity (DEE-uh-tee) | a god or goddess | god; goddess; divinity | — | The visible appearance of Ishwar is called a deity. The visible appearance of Ishwar is called a deity. |
| worship (WUR-ship) | prayer and honour | adoration; prayer; reverence | disrespect; neglect | We worship gods and goddesses to show respect. We worship gods and goddesses to show respect. |
| visible (VIZ-uh-bul) | able to be seen | seen; apparent; clear | invisible; hidden | Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar. Puja means worshipping the visible form of Ishwar. |
| festival (FES-tuh-vul) | a joyful programme | parba; celebration; festivity | sorrow; mourning | Festival means joyous programmes. Festival means joyous programmes. |
| offering (AW-fer-ing) | something given with respect | gift; dedication; donation | taking; refusal | People offer flowers, fruits and water. People offer flowers, fruits and water. |
| success (suk-SESS) | achievement | achievement; fulfilment; proficiency | failure; defeat | Lord Ganesha is the god of success. Lord Ganesha is the god of success. |
| knowledge (NOL-ij) | understanding gained through learning | learning; wisdom; information | ignorance; unawareness | Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. |
| discipline (DIS-uh-plin) | orderly and controlled conduct | order; control; restraint | disorder; carelessness | Patience and discipline are needed for success. Patience and discipline are needed for success. |
| ritual (RIT-choo-uhl) | a religious act or ceremony | ceremony; rite; observance | neglect; disregard | There is a difference in rituals from region to region. There is a difference in rituals from region to region. |
| joyous (JOY-us) | full of happiness | happy; cheerful; delightful | sad; sorrowful | The festivals make the worshipping programmes joyful. The festivals make the worshipping programmes joyful. |
Ex. 1 Match deity with its meaning.
Sol:
deity = a god or goddess
Ans. deity means a god or goddess.
Ex. 2 Match offering with its meaning.
Sol:
offering = something given with respect
Ans. offering means something given with respect.
Ex. 3 Match knowledge with its meaning.
Sol:
knowledge = understanding gained through learning
Ans. knowledge means understanding gained through learning.
Ex. 4 Match ritual with its meaning.
Sol:
ritual = a religious act or ceremony
Ans. ritual means a religious act or ceremony.
Ex. 5 Match discipline with its meaning.
Sol:
discipline = orderly and controlled conduct
Ans. discipline means orderly and controlled conduct.
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Instruction: Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word once.
Word Bank: visible · deities · Saraswati · joyous · flowers · offerings · basil · success · social · red
- The ______ appearance of Ishwar is called deities.
- Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva are examples of ______.
- ______ is the goddess of knowledge, culture and arts.
- Puja-Parbana includes ______ programmes.
- People offer ______, fruits and water in Puja.
- Flowers, fruits and water are used as ______.
- The ______ leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
- Lord Ganesha is the god of ______.
- Puja-Parbana creates an opportunity for ______ meeting.
- ______ flowers are needed for Saraswati Pushpanjali.
Answer Key: 1. visible; 2. deities; 3. Saraswati; 4. joyous; 5. flowers; 6. offerings; 7. basil; 8. success; 9. social; 10. red
Ex. Complete: Saraswati is the goddess of ______.
Sol:
Clue = goddess of knowledge, culture and arts
Answer = Saraswati
Ans. Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge.
Clue = goddess of knowledge, culture and arts
Answer = Saraswati
Ans. Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge.
Ex. Complete: Lord Ganesha is the god of ______.
Sol:
Clue = the deity who gives success
Answer = success
Ans. Lord Ganesha is the god of success.
Clue = the deity who gives success
Answer = success
Ans. Lord Ganesha is the god of success.
Ex. Complete: The ______ leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
Sol:
Clue = a leaf not used in Ganesha-Puja
Answer = basil
Ans. The basil leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
Clue = a leaf not used in Ganesha-Puja
Answer = basil
Ans. The basil leaf is forbidden in Ganesha-Puja.
Ex. Complete: Puja-Parbana creates an opportunity for ______ meeting.
Sol:
Clue = people gather and worship together
Answer = social
Ans. Puja-Parbana creates an opportunity for social meeting.
Clue = people gather and worship together
Answer = social
Ans. Puja-Parbana creates an opportunity for social meeting.
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Study the words, meanings, synonyms and antonyms carefully.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| visible (VIS-uh-buhl) | able to be seen (able to be seen) | apparent (easy to notice), clear (easy to see), noticeable (easy to observe) | invisible (unable to be seen), hidden (kept out of sight) | The visible appearance of Ishwar is called deities. The visible appearance of Ishwar is called deities. |
| worship (WUR-ship) | to praise or pay respect (to honour a deity) | honour (show respect), praise (speak well of), adore (worship with love) | disrespect (show no respect), neglect (fail to care for) | We worship gods and goddesses to show respect. We worship gods and goddesses to show respect. |
| festival (FES-ti-vuhl) | a joyful programme (a joyful programme) | parba (a festival), celebration (a joyful event), festivity (festive activity) | sorrow (deep sadness), mourning (expression of grief) | Festival means joyous programmes. Festival means joyous programmes. |
| offering (AW-fuh-ring) | something given with respect (a gift presented respectfully) | gift (something given), dedication (an act of giving), donation (something given for a purpose) | taking (receiving), refusal (rejection) | People offer flowers, fruits and water. People offer flowers, fruits and water. |
| success (suk-SES) | achievement (a good result) | achievement (successful result), fulfilment (completion of a desire), proficiency (skill) | failure (lack of success), defeat (loss) | Lord Ganesha is the god of success. Lord Ganesha is the god of success. |
| knowledge (NOL-ij) | understanding gained through learning (learning and understanding) | learning (gaining information), wisdom (good understanding), information (known facts) | ignorance (lack of knowledge), unawareness (lack of understanding) | Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. |
| discipline (DIS-uh-plin) | orderly and controlled conduct (proper self-control) | order (proper arrangement), control (self-restraint), restraint (controlled behaviour) | disorder (lack of order), carelessness (lack of attention) | Patience and discipline are needed for success. Patience and discipline are needed for success. |
| ritual (RIT-choo-uhl) | a religious act or ceremony (a customary religious practice) | ceremony (a formal event), rite (a religious act), observance (a religious practice) | neglect (failure to observe), disregard (lack of attention) | There is a difference in rituals from region to region. There is a difference in rituals from region to region. |
| joyous (JOY-uhs) | full of happiness (very happy) | happy (feeling pleasure), cheerful (full of good spirits), delightful (pleasant) | sad (unhappy), sorrowful (full of sorrow) | The festivals make the worshipping programmes joyful. The festivals make the worshipping programmes joyful. |
| special (SPESH-uhl) | different from what is usual (unusual or important) | particular (specific), unique (one of a kind), distinct (clearly different) | ordinary (usual), common (usual or widespread) | These deities possess special quality and power of Ishwar. These deities possess special quality and power of Ishwar. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Write a synonym of visible.
Sol: Word = visible
Meaning = able to be seen
Synonym = apparent
Ans. apparent
Meaning = able to be seen
Synonym = apparent
Ans. apparent
Ex. Write an antonym of worship.
Sol: Word = worship
Meaning = to praise or pay respect
Antonym = disrespect
Ans. disrespect
Meaning = to praise or pay respect
Antonym = disrespect
Ans. disrespect
Ex. Write a synonym of offering.
Sol: Word = offering
Meaning = something given with respect
Synonym = gift
Ans. gift
Meaning = something given with respect
Synonym = gift
Ans. gift
Ex. Write an antonym of success.
Sol: Word = success
Meaning = achievement
Antonym = failure
Ans. failure
Meaning = achievement
Antonym = failure
Ans. failure
Ex. Write a synonym of joyous.
Sol: Word = joyous
Meaning = full of happiness
Synonym = cheerful
Ans. cheerful
Meaning = full of happiness
Synonym = cheerful
Ans. cheerful
Exercise: Write the required synonym or antonym.
- Write a synonym of knowledge.
- Write an antonym of discipline.
- Write a synonym of festival.
- Write an antonym of visible.
- Write a synonym of ritual.
- Write an antonym of joyous.
- Write a synonym of special.
- Write an antonym of offering.
- Write a synonym of success.
- Write an antonym of worship.
Answer Key: 1. learning; 2. disorder; 3. celebration; 4. invisible; 5. ceremony; 6. sad; 7. unique; 8. refusal; 9. achievement; 10. disrespect.
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Use each word below in a meaningful sentence.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deity (ডিইটি) | দেবতা বা দেবী (a god or goddess) | god (দেবতা), goddess (দেবী), divinity (দৈব সত্তা) | — | The deity was placed on a decorated throne. সজ্জিত সিংহাসনে দেবতা বা দেবীর প্রতিমা স্থাপন করা হয়েছিল। |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | পূজা বা উপাসনা (prayer and honour) | adoration (ভক্তিপূর্ণ উপাসনা), prayer (প্রার্থনা), reverence (শ্রদ্ধা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | People worship with devotion and respect. মানুষ ভক্তি ও শ্রদ্ধার সঙ্গে পূজা করে। |
| visible (ভিজিবল) | দৃশ্যমান (able to be seen) | seen (দেখা যায় এমন), apparent (প্রকাশ্য), clear (স্পষ্ট) | invisible (অদৃশ্য), hidden (গোপন) | The visible idol was decorated with flowers. দৃশ্যমান প্রতিমাটি ফুল দিয়ে সাজানো হয়েছিল। |
| festival (ফেস্টিভ্যাল) | উৎসব (a joyful programme) | parba (পর্ব), celebration (উদ্যাপন), festivity (আনন্দোৎসব) | sorrow (দুঃখ), mourning (শোক) | The festival brought the community together. উৎসবটি সম্প্রদায়ের মানুষকে একত্র করেছিল। |
| offering (অফারিং) | নিবেদন বা অর্পণ (something given with respect) | gift (উপহার), dedication (নিবেদন), donation (দান) | taking (গ্রহণ), refusal (প্রত্যাখ্যান) | Rina prepared an offering of flowers and fruits. রিনা ফুল ও ফলের একটি নিবেদন প্রস্তুত করেছিল। |
| success (সাকসেস) | সাফল্য (achievement) | achievement (অর্জন), fulfillment (সাধন), proficiency (দক্ষতা) | failure (ব্যর্থতা), defeat (পরাজয়) | Patience and hard work lead to success. ধৈর্য ও কঠোর পরিশ্রম সাফল্যের দিকে নিয়ে যায়। |
| knowledge (নলেজ) | জ্ঞান (understanding gained through learning) | learning (শিক্ষা), wisdom (প্রজ্ঞা), information (তথ্য) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা), unawareness (অসচেতনতা) | Saraswati Puja inspires students to gain knowledge. সরস্বতী পূজা শিক্ষার্থীদের জ্ঞান অর্জনে অনুপ্রাণিত করে। |
| discipline (ডিসিপ্লিন) | শৃঙ্খলা (orderly and controlled conduct) | order (শৃঙ্খলা), control (নিয়ন্ত্রণ), restraint (সংযম) | disorder (বিশৃঙ্খলা), carelessness (অসাবধানতা) | Discipline helps a student complete every task. শৃঙ্খলা একজন শিক্ষার্থীকে প্রতিটি কাজ সম্পন্ন করতে সাহায্য করে। |
Exercise
Write one sentence with each of the following words:
1. deity
2. worship
3. visible
4. festival
5. offering
6. success
7. knowledge
8. discipline
Answer Key: Model Sentences
1. The deity was placed on a decorated throne.
2. People worship with devotion and respect.
3. The visible idol was decorated with flowers.
4. The festival brought the community together.
5. Rina prepared an offering of flowers and fruits.
6. Patience and hard work lead to success.
7. Saraswati Puja inspires students to gain knowledge.
8. Discipline helps a student complete every task.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Meanings of Deity and Puja Words
1. What does deity mean in the chapter?
A. A joyful programmeB. A god or goddessC. A religious articleD. A social meeting
Sol: [B] A deity is a god or goddess, such as Brahma, Vishnu or Saraswati.
2. Which word means “to show respect to gods and goddesses”?
A. WorshipB. CreateC. RemoveD. Collect
Sol: [A] To worship is to praise or pay respect.
3. In the chapter, an offering is something that people give with respect. Which is an offering?
A. A new dressB. A school lessonC. Flowers and fruitsD. A musical instrument
Sol: [C] Flowers, fruits, water and other elements are offered during Puja.
4. What is the closest meaning of festival in the chapter?
A. A period of sorrowB. A joyous programmeC. A religious ruleD. A form of knowledge
Sol: [B] The chapter explains that a festival means pleasure or a joyous programme.
Words about Qualities and Results
5. A student who gains learning and understanding gains ______.
A. knowledgeB. disorderC. refusalD. mourning
Sol: [A] Knowledge is understanding gained through learning.
6. Which word means “orderly and controlled conduct”?
A. SuccessB. DisciplineC. AppearanceD. Offering
Sol: [B] Discipline means orderly and controlled conduct needed for success.
7. If someone completes a task successfully, what may that person achieve?
A. SuccessB. NeglectC. DisrespectD. Ignorance
Sol: [A] Success means achievement, and the chapter connects it with disciplined work.
Usage in Chapter Context
8. Which sentence uses visible correctly?
A. The visible form of Ishwar is called deities.B. The visible means to pray silently.C. Saraswati is visible of knowledge.D. Visible means a religious offering.
Sol: [A] Visible means able to be seen, and the chapter uses it for the form of Ishwar.
9. Which sentence uses ritual in the chapter’s sense?
A. A ritual is a religious act or ceremony.B. A ritual is a kind of fruit.C. A ritual is the opposite of knowledge.D. A ritual is a deity’s carriage.
Sol: [A] Rituals are the acts and ceremonies followed while performing Puja.
Applying Vocabulary
10. Rina studies regularly, works sincerely and follows good conduct. Which quality is she showing?
A. DisciplineB. MourningC. RefusalD. Disappearance
Sol: [A] Regular, controlled and sincere conduct shows discipline, which supports success.
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deity (ডিইটি) | দেবতা বা দেবী (a god or goddess) | god (দেবতা), goddess (দেবী), divinity (দৈব সত্তা) | — | Saraswati is the deity of knowledge and culture. সরস্বতী জ্ঞান ও সংস্কৃতির দেবী। |
| visible (ভিজিবল) | দৃশ্যমান (able to be seen) | seen (দেখা যায় এমন), apparent (প্রকাশ্য), clear (স্পষ্ট) | invisible (অদৃশ্য), hidden (গোপন) | The visible appearance of Ishwar is called deities. ঈশ্বরের দৃশ্যমান রূপকে দেবতা বা দেবী বলা হয়। |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | পূজা বা উপাসনা (to praise or pay respect) | adoration (ভক্তিপূর্ণ উপাসনা), prayer (প্রার্থনা), reverence (শ্রদ্ধা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), neglect (অবহেলা) | We worship these deities to achieve their power and quality. তাঁদের শক্তি ও গুণ লাভের জন্য আমরা এই দেবতা ও দেবীদের পূজা করি। |
| offering (অফারিং) | নিবেদন বা অর্পণ (something given with respect) | gift (উপহার), dedication (নিবেদন), donation (দান) | refusal (প্রত্যাখ্যান), taking (গ্রহণ) | They offer flowers, fruits and water as offerings. তারা ফুল, ফল ও জল নিবেদন হিসেবে দেয়। |
| festival (ফেস্টিভ্যাল) | উৎসব (a joyful programme) | parba (পর্ব), celebration (উদ্যাপন), festivity (আনন্দোৎসব) | sorrow (দুঃখ), mourning (শোক) | Festival means pleasure. উৎসব বলতে আনন্দ বোঝায়। |
| ritual (রিচুয়াল) | ধর্মীয় আচার বা অনুষ্ঠান (a religious act or ceremony) | ceremony (অনুষ্ঠান), rite (আচার), observance (ধর্মীয় পালন) | neglect (অবহেলা), disregard (উপেক্ষা) | Puja includes several rites and rituals. পূজায় কয়েকটি আচার ও ধর্মীয় অনুষ্ঠান অন্তর্ভুক্ত থাকে। |
| success (সাকসেস) | সাফল্য (achievement) | achievement (অর্জন), fulfillment (সাধন), proficiency (দক্ষতা) | failure (ব্যর্থতা), defeat (পরাজয়) | Lord Ganesha is the god of success. ভগবান গণেশ সাফল্যের দেবতা। |
| knowledge (নলেজ) | জ্ঞান (understanding gained through learning) | learning (শিক্ষা), wisdom (প্রজ্ঞা), information (তথ্য) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা), unawareness (অসচেতনতা) | Saraswati is the goddess of knowledge. সরস্বতী জ্ঞানের দেবী। |
| discipline (ডিসিপ্লিন) | শৃঙ্খলা (orderly and controlled conduct) | order (শৃঙ্খলা), control (নিয়ন্ত্রণ), restraint (সংযম) | disorder (বিশৃঙ্খলা), carelessness (অসাবধানতা) | Patience and discipline are needed for success. সাফল্যের জন্য ধৈর্য ও শৃঙ্খলা প্রয়োজন। |
| devotion (ডিভোশন) | ভক্তি (deep respect and love) | dedication (নিষ্ঠা), reverence (শ্রদ্ধা), worship (উপাসনা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা), indifference (উদাসীনতা) | Success comes from devotion. ভক্তি থেকে সাফল্য আসে। |
| brotherhood (ব্রাদারহুড) | ভ্রাতৃত্ব (friendly feeling among people) | fellow-feeling (সহমর্মিতা), unity (ঐক্য), cordiality (সৌহার্দ্য) | enmity (শত্রুতা), hostility (বিরোধিতা) | Worship awakens brotherhood and fellow-feelings. উপাসনা ভ্রাতৃত্ব ও সহমর্মিতা জাগিয়ে তোলে। |
| impediment (ইমপেডিমেন্ট) | বাধা (something that causes difficulty) | obstacle (প্রতিবন্ধকতা), difficulty (কঠিনতা), hindrance (বাধা) | help (সহায়তা), aid (সাহায্য) | Ganesha is the remover of impediments. গণেশ বাধা দূরকারী। |
12. Practice Bank
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| extol (ik-STOHL) | to praise highly | praise, honour, commend | criticize, blame, condemn | Puja means to extol or to honour. |
| creature (KREE-chur) | a living being | being, animal, living thing | — | Vishnu takes care of the creature. |
| devotee (dev-uh-TEE) | a person devoted to worship | worshipper, follower, believer | opponent, critic | Devotees exchange greetings during the festival. |
| abahana (ab-uh-HAH-nah) | the invocation of a deity | invocation, calling, appeal | — | Abahana is one part of Puja. |
| arghyapradan (ar-gyuh-pruh-DAHN) | the offering of respectful water | offering, presentation, dedication | refusal, withholding | Arghyapradan is included in the worship ritual. |
| dhyan (DHAH-yahn) | meditation or focused thought | meditation, reflection, concentration | distraction, inattention | Dhyan is one of the parts of Puja. |
| cordiality (kor-dee-AL-uh-tee) | friendly and warm feeling | friendliness, warmth, goodwill | hostility, coldness, enmity | Puja-Parbana increases cordiality among people. |
| souvenir (soo-vuh-NEER) | something kept to remember an event | memento, keepsake, reminder | — | Some devotees publish a souvenir during the worship. |
| carriage (KARR-ij) | an animal or vehicle that carries someone | vehicle, transport, conveyance | — | The rat is Ganesha's carriage. |
| lute (LOOT) | a stringed musical instrument | instrument, stringed instrument, lyre | — | Saraswati holds a lute and a book. |
| veneration (ven-uh-RAY-shun) | deep respect | reverence, respect, devotion | disrespect, contempt, dishonour | Students celebrate Saraswati Puja with deep veneration. |
| nutritional (noo-TRISH-uh-nuhl) | related to nourishment and healthy food | nourishing, healthy, dietary | unhealthy, harmful, poor | Worship plays a role in solving nutritional problems in the family. |
Hint: Use the chapter context to identify each word's meaning, related words, opposite words, and sentence use.
Creative Question Bank
1. During a school Saraswati Puja, students decorate the place of worship, collect the necessary articles, and offer red flowers. They also discuss the value of knowledge.
a) What does the word “veneration” mean? [2]
b) Write two primary rules of Saraswati Puja mentioned in the chapter. [4]
c) Explain how Saraswati worship can increase eagerness for knowledge. [4]
a) What does the word “veneration” mean? [2]
b) Write two primary rules of Saraswati Puja mentioned in the chapter. [4]
c) Explain how Saraswati worship can increase eagerness for knowledge. [4]
2. A trader begins the Bengali New Year by worshipping Ganesha. He prays for success and follows discipline and earnestness in his work.
a) What is Ganesha also called because of his elephant's head? [2]
b) Mention two lessons connected with Ganesha worship. [4]
c) Describe why Ganesha is worshipped before starting a deed. [4]
a) What is Ganesha also called because of his elephant's head? [2]
b) Mention two lessons connected with Ganesha worship. [4]
c) Describe why Ganesha is worshipped before starting a deed. [4]
3. People from a neighbourhood join a Puja. They bring flowers, fruits, and water, arrange cultural programmes, exchange greetings, and share offered food.
a) What is meant by “cordiality”? [2]
b) Identify two activities that make a Puja-Parbana joyful. [4]
c) Explain two social benefits of celebrating Puja-Parbana together. [4]
a) What is meant by “cordiality”? [2]
b) Identify two activities that make a Puja-Parbana joyful. [4]
c) Explain two social benefits of celebrating Puja-Parbana together. [4]
4. In a worship programme, the devotees perform abahana, dhyan, pushpanjali, and prarthana. They use flowers and other elements as offerings.
a) What is “dhyan” in the context of Puja? [2]
b) Name two parts of Puja described in the stimulus. [4]
c) Explain why worshipping systems may differ by region while their fundamental rituals remain similar. [4]
a) What is “dhyan” in the context of Puja? [2]
b) Name two parts of Puja described in the stimulus. [4]
c) Explain why worshipping systems may differ by region while their fundamental rituals remain similar. [4]