Chapter Six
Moral Education in the Religious Tales (Legends)
Moral Education in the Religious Tales (Legends)
Textual Dictionary
Every word below is taken from this chapter. Meanings and explanations are given for the learner.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| moral (MOR-uhl) | Related to right conduct and values (ethical) | ethical (related to right conduct); virtuous (morally good); righteous (good and honest) | immoral (not moral); wicked (evil) | Moral education helps us learn manners and discipline. Moral education helps us learn proper behaviour and self-control. |
| ethics (ETH-iks) | Principles of right conduct (moral principles) | morality (principles of right conduct); values (ideas about right and wrong); principles (guiding rules) | corruption (dishonest conduct); wrongdoing (bad conduct) | Moral education teaches us ethics. |
| discipline (DIS-uh-plin) | Self-control and orderly behaviour (orderly conduct) | order (regularity); self-control (control of oneself); training (practice and instruction) | disorder (lack of order); indiscipline (lack of control) | Moral education helps us learn manners and discipline. |
| truthfulness (TROOTH-fuhl-nis) | The quality of telling the truth (honesty) | honesty (truthful conduct); sincerity (genuine honesty); candour (open truthfulness) | falsehood (a lie); dishonesty (lack of honesty) | Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character. |
| frankly (FRANK-lee) | Openly and honestly (openly) | openly (without hiding); honestly (truthfully); directly (without avoidance) | secretly (in a hidden way); falsely (untruthfully) | Telling everything frankly is called truthfulness. |
| honest (ON-ist) | Truthful and fair (truthful) | truthful (telling the truth); sincere (genuine); upright (morally good) | dishonest (not truthful); deceitful (misleading) | Everyone loves and respects an honest person. |
| forgiveness (for-GIV-nis) | The act of releasing a remorseful offender from punishment (mercy) | mercy (kindness to an offender); pardon (release from punishment); tolerance (patient acceptance) | revenge (harm in return); punishment (penalty) | Forgiveness is a noble virtue. |
| offender (uh-FEN-der) | A person who has done something wrong (wrongdoer) | wrongdoer (person who does wrong); culprit (person responsible); criminal (person committing a crime) | victim (person harmed); innocent (not guilty) | Forgiveness may release the remorseful offender instead of giving punishment. |
| repentance (ri-PENT-uhns) | Regret for a wrong action (remorse) | remorse (deep regret); regret (sadness about a wrong action); penitence (sorrow for wrongdoing) | pride (self-satisfaction); approval (acceptance of wrongdoing) | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. |
Total words: 9
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter before using this sheet.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Read the example sentences carefully to understand the words in context.
- Use the example sentences for writing practice.
- Review the synonyms and antonyms after learning each meaning.
- Take the words from this chapter only, not from other chapters or general vocabulary.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| moral (MOR-uhl) | Related to right conduct and values (ethical) | ethical; virtuous; righteous | immoral; wicked | A moral life is important in society. |
| ethics (ETH-iks) | Principles of right conduct (moral principles) | morality; values; principles | corruption; wrongdoing | Moral education teaches us ethics. |
| discipline (DIS-uh-plin) | Self-control and orderly behaviour (orderly conduct) | order; self-control; training | disorder; indiscipline | Discipline helps us build an honest life. |
| truthfulness (TROOTH-fuhl-nis) | The quality of telling the truth (honesty) | honesty; sincerity; candour | falsehood; dishonesty | Truthfulness makes a person worthy of trust. |
| frankly (FRANK-lee) | Openly and honestly (openly) | openly; honestly; directly | secretly; falsely | Satyakama spoke frankly to the sage. |
| honest (ON-ist) | Truthful and fair (truthful) | truthful; sincere; upright | dishonest; deceitful | An honest person is trusted in society. |
| forgiveness (for-GIV-nis) | The act of releasing a remorseful offender from punishment (mercy) | mercy; pardon; tolerance | revenge; punishment | Forgiveness can bring peace to society. |
| offender (uh-FEN-der) | A person who has done something wrong (wrongdoer) | wrongdoer; culprit; criminal | victim; innocent | The offender may receive a chance for self-purification. |
| repentance (ri-PENT-uhns) | Regret for a wrong action (remorse) | remorse; regret; penitence | pride; approval | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. |
Total words: 9.
◆Key Points
- Moral education teaches ethics, manners and discipline.
- Moral education is a part of religion.
- Truthfulness means telling everything frankly and openly.
- Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character.
- A truthful person is loved, respected and trusted in society.
- Everyone should speak the truth and follow the path of honesty.
- Families can develop truthfulness by creating an atmosphere of speaking the truth.
- Parents can inspire children through stories about truthful persons.
- Forgiveness means releasing a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment.
- Forgiveness can create repentance in the mind of an offender.
- Forgiveness can stop hostility and help maintain social discipline.
- The ten external signs of religion include tolerance, forgiveness, mercy, self-restraint, knowledge, truth and absence of anger.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| moral (/ˈmɒrəl/) | Related to right conduct and values. | ethical; virtuous; righteous | immoral; wicked | A moral person follows the path of honesty. |
| morality (/məˈræləti/) | Principles about right and wrong conduct. | ethics; values; principles | corruption; wrongdoing | Morality guides people towards good conduct. |
| education (/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃən/) | Learning that develops knowledge and conduct. | learning; instruction; teaching | ignorance; neglect | Moral education helps learners develop human values. |
| ethics (/ˈeθɪks/) | Principles of right conduct. | morality; values; principles | corruption; wrongdoing | Moral education teaches ethics. |
| discipline (/ˈdɪsəplɪn/) | Self-control and orderly behaviour. | order; self-control; training | disorder; indiscipline | Discipline helps a learner act responsibly. |
| religion (/rɪˈlɪdʒən/) | A system of spiritual beliefs and practices. | faith; belief; worship | — | Moral education is a part of religion. |
| truthfulness (/ˈtruːθfəlnəs/) | The quality of telling the truth. | honesty; sincerity; candour | falsehood; dishonesty | Truthfulness reveals the real nature of human life. |
| frankly (/ˈfræŋkli/) | Openly and honestly. | openly; honestly; directly | secretly; falsely | Satyakama spoke frankly about his clan. |
| honest (/ˈɒnɪst/) | Truthful and fair. | truthful; sincere; upright | dishonest; deceitful | An honest person is trusted by others. |
| clan (/klæn/) | A family or group sharing ancestry. | family; lineage; tribe | — | Satyakama did not know the name of his clan. |
| Brahmacharya (/ˌbrɑːməkəˈtʃɑːrjə/) | A religious study period of bachelorhood. | religious study; student life | — | Satyakama wished to practise Brahmacharya. |
| Brahmavidya (/ˌbrɑːməˈvɪdjə/) | Sacred knowledge of Ishwar. | sacred knowledge; spiritual learning | — | The sage discussed Brahmavidya with his disciples. |
| hermitage (/ˈhɜːrmɪtɪdʒ/) | A place where a sage lives and teaches. | retreat; ashram; dwelling | — | Satyakama began learning in the hermitage of Saint Gautama. |
| forgiveness (/fəˈɡɪvnəs/) | The act of releasing a remorseful offender from punishment. | mercy; pardon; tolerance | revenge; punishment | Forgiveness can stop hostility in society. |
| offender (/əˈfendər/) | A person who has done something wrong. | wrongdoer; culprit; criminal | victim; innocent person | Forgiveness may give an offender a chance for self-purification. |
◆ Key Points
- Moral education teaches ethics, manners and discipline.
- Moral education is a part of religion.
- Truthfulness means telling everything frankly and openly.
- Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character.
- A truthful person is loved, respected and trusted in society.
- Everyone should speak the truth and follow the path of honesty.
- Families can develop truthfulness by creating an atmosphere of speaking the truth.
- Parents can inspire children through stories about truthful persons.
- Forgiveness means releasing a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment.
- Forgiveness can create repentance in the mind of an offender.
- Forgiveness can stop hostility and help maintain social discipline.
- The ten external signs of religion include tolerance, forgiveness, mercy, self-restraint, knowledge, truth and absence of anger.
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| especial (/ɪˈspɛʃəl/) | Special or unusual. | special (of particular importance); distinctive (clearly different); notable (worthy of attention) | ordinary (usual); common (found often) | Truthfulness is an especial quality. Truthfulness has a special quality. |
| revelation (/ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən/) | The act of becoming known or revealed. | disclosure (the act of making known); discovery (finding something); exposure (bringing into view) | concealment (the act of hiding); secrecy (the state of being hidden) | The truth always gets revelation. The truth always becomes known. |
| suppressed (/səˈprɛst/) | Prevented from being known or expressed. | hidden (kept out of sight); restrained (held back); silenced (prevented from speaking) | revealed (made known); expressed (shown or stated) | Truth can never be suppressed. Truth cannot be kept hidden forever. |
| conscientiousness (/ˌkɒnʃiˈɛnʃəsnəs/) | Careful and responsible attention to what is right. | diligence (careful effort); responsibility (duty); integrity (honesty) | carelessness (lack of care); irresponsibility (lack of duty) | Honest thoughts and complete conscientiousness lie at the source of courage. Careful responsibility supports courage. |
| collaboration (/kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/) | Working together with others. | cooperation (working together); partnership (shared work); teamwork (joint effort) | opposition (active disagreement); separation (being apart) | We do different jobs in collaboration with teachers and classmates. Learners work together with teachers and classmates. |
| courageous (/kəˈreɪdʒəs/) | Brave and willing to face difficulty. | brave (ready to face danger); bold (confident); valiant (very brave) | cowardly (lacking courage); fearful (afraid) | A person who speaks the truth is generally very courageous. A truthful speaker is usually brave. |
| assign (/əˈsaɪn/) | To give someone a duty or responsibility. | appoint (choose for a duty); allocate (give for a purpose); entrust (give responsibility to) | withhold (refuse to give); remove (take away) | People assign a truthful person many charges. People give a truthful person many responsibilities. |
| cultivate (/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/) | To develop a habit or quality through practice. | develop (make stronger); practise (do repeatedly); foster (encourage growth) | neglect (fail to care for); abandon (give up) | One has to cultivate the habit of speaking the truth. People must develop the habit of telling the truth. |
| atmosphere (/ˈætməsfɪə/) | The general feeling or environment of a place. | environment (surrounding condition); setting (place or situation); climate (general social feeling) | — | An atmosphere of speaking the truth should be created in the family. The family should encourage truthful speech. |
| offspring (/ˈɒfsprɪŋ/) | A child or children of a person. | child (young person); son (male child); daughter (female child) | parent (mother or father); ancestor (earlier family member) | The conduct of the children reflects the family atmosphere. A child's behaviour can show the family environment. |
| desists (/dɪˈsɪsts/) | Stops doing something. | stops (ceases); refrains (chooses not to do); quits (gives up) | continues (keeps doing); persists (keeps going) | If the offspring desists from speaking the truth, parents can help. If a child stops telling the truth, parents can guide the child. |
| orthodoxy (/ˈɔːθədɒksi/) | Strictly accepted traditional religious belief or practice. | tradition (custom passed down); convention (accepted practice); doctrine (religious teaching) | unorthodoxy (departure from tradition); innovation (new practice) | Shri Gouranga worked to remove religious orthodoxy from society. Shri Gouranga tried to remove strict religious barriers. |
| initiate (/ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/) | To begin or introduce an action. | begin (start); launch (start formally); introduce (bring into use) | end (finish); stop (bring to a halt) | Shri Gouranga took the initiative to remove differences. Shri Gouranga began an effort to remove differences. |
| merciful (/ˈmɜːsɪfəl/) | Showing kindness instead of causing harm or punishment. | compassionate (showing sympathy); forgiving (not taking revenge); kind (caring) | cruel (causing pain); harsh (severe) | The heart of Nityananda became merciful to the two brothers. Nityananda felt kindness and pity for the brothers. |
Total words: 15
◆ Key Points
- Truthfulness is a special and noble quality of human character.
- Truth becomes known when a person does not hide facts.
- Speaking truthfully helps a person gain respect and trust in society.
- Conscientiousness and honest thoughts support the courage of a truthful person.
- Family members should develop truthful speech through daily practice.
- Parents can guide children by creating a truthful family atmosphere.
- Collaboration means working together with teachers and classmates.
- A truthful person may be given important duties by others.
- Forgiveness shows kindness by avoiding revenge against an offender.
- Nityananda showed mercy even after Madhai injured him.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| moral (/ˈmɒrəl/) | Related to right conduct and values (ethical) | ethical (based on right conduct); virtuous (morally good); righteous (good and honest) | immoral (not moral); wicked (evil) | Moral education is a part of religion. Moral education teaches right conduct as part of religion. |
| ethics (/ˈeθɪks/) | Principles of right conduct (moral principles) | morality (principles of right and wrong); values (ideas about right and wrong); principles (guiding rules) | corruption (dishonest conduct); wrongdoing (bad conduct) | Moral education teaches us ethics. Moral education teaches principles of right conduct. |
| discipline (/ˈdɪsəplɪn/) | Self-control and orderly behaviour (orderly conduct) | order (regularity); self-control (control of oneself); training (practice and instruction) | disorder (lack of order); indiscipline (lack of control) | Our personal life as well as society will remain disciplined. Discipline helps maintain orderly conduct. |
| truthfulness (/ˈtruːθfəlnəs/) | The quality of telling the truth (honesty) | honesty (truthful conduct); sincerity (genuine honesty); candour (open truthfulness) | falsehood (a lie); dishonesty (lack of honesty) | Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character. Truthfulness is a noble quality in a person. |
| forgiveness (/fəˈɡɪvnəs/) | Releasing a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment (mercy) | mercy (kindness to an offender); pardon (release from punishment); tolerance (patient acceptance) | revenge (harm in return); punishment (penalty) | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. Forgiveness may lead an offender to regret wrongdoing. |
| clan (/klæn/) | A family or group sharing ancestry | family (related people); lineage (family descent); tribe (ancestral group) | — | Satyakama did not know the name of his clan. Satyakama did not know his ancestral group. |
| Brahmacharya (/ˌbrɑːməkəˈtʃɑːrjə/) | A religious study period of bachelorhood (student life) | religious study (spiritual learning); student life (period of study) | — | Satyakama wished to practise Brahmacharya. Satyakama wished to follow the religious study period. |
| Brahmavidya (/ˌbrɑːməˈvɪdjə/) | Sacred knowledge of Ishwar (spiritual knowledge) | sacred knowledge (holy learning); spiritual learning (religious study) | — | The sage was discussing Brahmavidya with his disciples. The sage was discussing sacred knowledge with his students. |
| hermitage (/ˈhɜːrmɪtɪdʒ/) | A place where a sage lives and teaches | retreat (quiet place); ashram (religious residence); dwelling (place of living) | — | Satyakama began learning in the hermitage of Saint Gautama. Satyakama started his learning at the sage's residence. |
| repentance (/rɪˈpentəns/) | Regret for a wrong action (remorse) | remorse (deep regret); regret (sadness about a wrong action); penitence (sorrow for wrongdoing) | pride (self-satisfaction); approval (acceptance of wrongdoing) | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. Forgiveness can make an offender regret a wrong action. |
Total terms: 10
◆ Key Points
- Moral education teaches ethics, manners and discipline.
- Moral education is a part of religion.
- Truthfulness means telling everything frankly and openly.
- Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character.
- A truthful person is loved, respected and trusted in society.
- Everyone should speak the truth and follow the path of honesty.
- Families can develop truthfulness by creating an atmosphere of speaking the truth.
- Parents can inspire children through stories about truthful persons.
- Forgiveness means releasing a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment.
- Forgiveness can create repentance in the mind of an offender.
- Forgiveness can stop hostility and help maintain social discipline.
- The ten external signs of religion include tolerance, forgiveness, mercy, self-restraint, knowledge, truth and absence of anger.
5. Words in Context
Read the passage first. Notice how the bold words express the moral lessons of Satyakama's truthfulness and the value of forgiveness.
At Gautam's hermitage, Satyakama showed a moral character by speaking frankly about his clan. His truthfulness reflected the ethics taught through religious education. He wished to live an honest life and follow discipline. The tale of forgiveness also teaches that an offender may feel repentance when he is forgiven instead of punished.
Use the table to connect each word with its meaning, related words, opposite words and a sentence from the chapter's moral context.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| moral (/ˈmɒrəl/) | Related to right conduct and values | ethical; virtuous; righteous | immoral; wicked | A moral person follows the path of honesty. |
| ethics (/ˈeθɪks/) | Principles of right conduct | morality; values; principles | corruption; wrongdoing | Moral education teaches ethics. |
| discipline (/ˈdɪsəplɪn/) | Self-control and orderly behaviour | order; self-control; training | disorder; indiscipline | Discipline helps a learner act responsibly. |
| truthfulness (/ˈtruːθfəlnəs/) | The quality of telling the truth | honesty; sincerity; candour | falsehood; dishonesty | Truthfulness reveals the real nature of human life. |
| frankly (/ˈfræŋkli/) | Openly and honestly | openly; honestly; directly | secretly; falsely | Satyakama spoke frankly about his clan. |
| honest (/ˈɒnɪst/) | Truthful and fair | truthful; sincere; upright | dishonest; deceitful | An honest person is trusted by others. |
| forgiveness (/fəˈɡɪvnəs/) | Releasing a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment | mercy; pardon; tolerance | revenge; punishment | Forgiveness can stop hostility in society. |
| offender (/əˈfendər/) | A person who has done something wrong | wrongdoer; culprit; criminal | victim; innocent person | Forgiveness may give an offender a chance for self-purification. |
| repentance (/rɪˈpentəns/) | Regret for a wrong action | remorse; regret; penitence | pride; approval | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in Column A with its correct meaning in Column B. Write the correct letter beside each word.
| Word | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. moral (MOR-uhl) | F. A person who has done something wrong (wrongdoer) | ethical; virtuous; righteous | immoral; wicked | A moral person follows the path of honesty. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 2. ethics (ETH-iks) | C. Openly and honestly (openly) | morality; values; principles | corruption; wrongdoing | Moral education teaches us ethics. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 3. discipline (DIS-uh-plin) | J. Regret for a wrong action (remorse) | order; self-control; training | disorder; indiscipline | Discipline helps a learner act responsibly. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 4. truthfulness (TROOTH-fuhl-nis) | A. Principles of right conduct (moral principles) | honesty; sincerity; candour | falsehood; dishonesty | Truthfulness reveals the real nature of human life. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 5. frankly (FRANK-lee) | H. The act of releasing a remorseful offender from punishment (mercy) | openly; honestly; directly | secretly; falsely | Satyakama spoke frankly about his clan. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 6. honest (ON-ist) | D. Related to right conduct and values (ethical) | truthful; sincere; upright | dishonest; deceitful | An honest person is trusted by others. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 7. forgiveness (for-GIV-nis) | I. The quality of telling the truth (honesty) | mercy; pardon; tolerance | revenge; punishment | Forgiveness can stop hostility in society. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 8. offender (uh-FEN-der) | G. Truthful and fair (truthful) | wrongdoer; culprit; criminal | victim; innocent | Forgiveness may give an offender a chance for self-purification. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 9. repentance (ri-PENT-uhns) | B. Self-control and orderly behaviour (orderly conduct) | remorse; regret; penitence | pride; approval | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
| 10. clan (klan) | E. A family or group sharing ancestry (family group) | family; lineage; tribe | — | Satyakama did not know the name of his clan. বাংলা অনুবাদ: — |
Answer Key
1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-I, 5-C, 6-G, 7-H, 8-F, 9-J, 10-E
1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-I, 5-C, 6-G, 7-H, 8-F, 9-J, 10-E
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Ex. Complete the sentence: Satyakama honestly stated that he did not know his ______.
Sol: Satyakama honestly stated that he did not know his clan. Ans. clan
Ex. Complete the sentence: The sage lived and taught in a ______.
Sol: The sage lived and taught in a hermitage. Ans. hermitage
Ex. Complete the sentence: Satyakama wished to study ______.
Sol: Satyakama wished to study Brahmavidya. Ans. Brahmavidya
Ex. Complete the sentence: Truthfulness is a noble quality of human ______.
Sol: Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character. Ans. character
Ex. Complete the sentence: Forgiveness can create ______ in the mind of an offender.
Sol: Forgiveness can create repentance in the mind of an offender. Ans. repentance
Word Bank: clan, hermitage, Brahmavidya, character, repentance, truthfulness, discipline, forgiveness, offender, ethics
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| clan (klæn) | A family group sharing ancestry | family; lineage | — | Satyakama did not know the name of his clan. |
| hermitage (ˈhɜːrmɪtɪdʒ) | A place where a sage lives and teaches | ashram; retreat | — | Satyakama learned in the hermitage. |
| Brahmavidya (ˌbrɑːməkəˈvɪdjə) | Sacred knowledge of Ishwar | sacred knowledge; spiritual learning | — | The sage taught Brahmavidya. |
| character (ˈkærəktər) | The moral qualities of a person | nature; qualities | — | Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character. |
| repentance (rɪˈpentəns) | Regret for a wrong action | remorse; regret | pride; approval | Forgiveness creates repentance in an offender. |
Fill in the blanks using the words from the word bank.
- School activities require truthfulness and ______.
- Moral education teaches us ______ and principles of right conduct.
- A truthful person shows ______ in every part of life.
- Parents can inspire children through stories about ______ persons.
- Releasing a remorseful ______ instead of giving punishment is forgiveness.
- The sage welcomed Satyakama to the ______.
- Satyakama spoke about his ______ without hiding the truth.
- The sacred knowledge discussed by the sage was ______.
- Truthfulness is a noble quality of human ______.
- Forgiveness may produce ______ in the mind of an offender.
Answer Key: 1. discipline; 2. ethics; 3. truthfulness; 4. honest; 5. offender; 6. hermitage; 7. clan; 8. Brahmavidya; 9. character; 10. repentance.
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Read each word and choose the correct synonym or antonym. The Bengali meanings will help you understand the words.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| moral (মরাল) | নৈতিক (related to right conduct) | ethical (নৈতিক); virtuous (সৎ); righteous (ন্যায়পরায়ণ) | immoral (অনৈতিক); wicked (দুষ্ট) | A moral person follows the path of honesty. একজন নৈতিক ব্যক্তি সততার পথ অনুসরণ করেন। |
| ethics (এথিক্স) | নৈতিকতার নীতি (principles of right conduct) | morality (নৈতিকতা); values (মূল্যবোধ); principles (নীতি) | corruption (দুর্নীতি); wrongdoing (অন্যায় কাজ) | Moral education teaches us ethics. নৈতিক শিক্ষা আমাদের নৈতিকতার নীতি শেখায়। |
| discipline (ডিসিপ্লিন) | আত্মসংযম ও সুশৃঙ্খল আচরণ (self-control and orderly behaviour) | order (শৃঙ্খলা); self-control (আত্মসংযম); training (প্রশিক্ষণ) | disorder (বিশৃঙ্খলা); indiscipline (অশৃঙ্খলা) | Our personal life as well as society will remain disciplined. আমাদের ব্যক্তিগত জীবন এবং সমাজ শৃঙ্খলাপূর্ণ থাকবে। |
| truthfulness (ট্রুথফুলনেস) | সত্য বলার গুণ (the quality of telling the truth) | honesty (সততা); sincerity (আন্তরিকতা); candour (খোলামেলা সত্যবাদিতা) | falsehood (মিথ্যা); dishonesty (অসততা) | Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character. সত্যবাদিতা মানবচরিত্রের একটি মহৎ গুণ। |
| honest (অনেস্ট) | সৎ ও ন্যায়পরায়ণ (truthful and fair) | truthful (সত্যবাদী); sincere (আন্তরিক); upright (সৎ) | dishonest (অসৎ); deceitful (প্রতারক) | Everyone loves and respects an honest person. সবাই একজন সৎ ব্যক্তিকে ভালোবাসে ও সম্মান করে। |
| forgiveness (ফরগিভনেস) | ক্ষমা (releasing a remorseful offender from punishment) | mercy (দয়া); pardon (ক্ষমা); tolerance (সহনশীলতা) | revenge (প্রতিশোধ); punishment (শাস্তি) | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. ক্ষমা অপরাধীর মনে অনুতাপ সৃষ্টি করে। |
| offender (অফেন্ডার) | অপরাধী (a person who has done something wrong) | wrongdoer (অন্যায়কারী); culprit (দোষী ব্যক্তি); criminal (অপরাধী) | victim (ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত ব্যক্তি); innocent (নির্দোষ) | Forgiveness may give an offender a chance for self-purification. ক্ষমা একজন অপরাধীকে আত্মশুদ্ধির সুযোগ দিতে পারে। |
| repentance (রিপেন্ট্যান্স) | ভুল কাজের জন্য অনুতাপ (regret for a wrong action) | remorse (অনুশোচনা); regret (দুঃখ); penitence (অনুতাপ) | pride (অহংকার); approval (সমর্থন) | Forgiveness can create repentance in the mind of an offender. ক্ষমা অপরাধীর মনে অনুতাপ সৃষ্টি করতে পারে। |
| clan (ক্ল্যান) | একই বংশের পরিবার বা গোষ্ঠী (a family or group sharing ancestry) | family (পরিবার); lineage (বংশধারা); tribe (গোষ্ঠী) | — | Satyakama did not know the name of his clan. সত্যকাম তার গোত্রের নাম জানত না। |
| hermitage (হারমিটেজ) | যেখানে ঋষি বাস ও শিক্ষা দেন এমন স্থান (a place where a sage lives and teaches) | ashram (আশ্রম); retreat (নির্জন সাধনাস্থল); dwelling (বাসস্থান) | — | Satyakama began learning in the hermitage of Saint Gautama. সত্যকাম সাধু গৌতমের আশ্রমে শিক্ষা শুরু করেছিল। |
Exercise
- Write a synonym of moral.
- Write an antonym of discipline.
- Write a synonym of truthfulness.
- Write an antonym of honest.
- Write a synonym of forgiveness.
- Write an antonym of offender.
- Write a synonym of repentance.
- Write an antonym of ethics.
- Write a synonym of clan.
- Write a synonym of hermitage.
Worked Example Series
Ex. Give a synonym of moral.
Sol: moral = related to right conduct
moral = ethical
Ans. ethical
moral = ethical
Ans. ethical
Ex. Give an antonym of discipline.
Sol: discipline = orderly behaviour
opposite of orderly behaviour = disorder
Ans. disorder
opposite of orderly behaviour = disorder
Ans. disorder
Ex. Give a synonym of forgiveness.
Sol: forgiveness = releasing an offender from punishment
forgiveness = mercy
Ans. mercy
forgiveness = mercy
Ans. mercy
Ex. Give an antonym of honest.
Sol: honest = truthful and fair
opposite of truthful = dishonest
Ans. dishonest
opposite of truthful = dishonest
Ans. dishonest
Answer Key: 1. ethical; 2. disorder; 3. honesty; 4. dishonest; 5. mercy; 6. innocent; 7. remorse; 8. corruption; 9. family; 10. ashram.
Total words: 10
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Read the words and their meanings. Then write one meaningful sentence with each word.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| moral (ˈmɒrəl) | Related to right conduct and values. | ethical; virtuous; righteous | immoral; wicked | A moral person follows the path of honesty. |
| ethics (ˈeθɪks) | Principles of right conduct. | morality; values; principles | corruption; wrongdoing | Moral education teaches ethics. |
| discipline (ˈdɪsəplɪn) | Self-control and orderly behaviour. | order; self-control; training | disorder; indiscipline | Discipline helps a learner act responsibly. |
| truthfulness (ˈtruːθfəlnəs) | The quality of telling the truth. | honesty; sincerity; candour | falsehood; dishonesty | Truthfulness reveals the real nature of human life. |
| honest (ˈɒnɪst) | Truthful and fair. | truthful; sincere; upright | dishonest; deceitful | An honest person is trusted by others. |
| forgiveness (fəˈɡɪvnəs) | The act of releasing a remorseful offender from punishment. | mercy; pardon; tolerance | revenge; punishment | Forgiveness can stop hostility in society. |
| offender (əˈfendər) | A person who has done something wrong. | wrongdoer; culprit; criminal | victim; innocent | Forgiveness may give an offender a chance for self-purification. |
| repentance (rɪˈpentəns) | Regret for a wrong action. | remorse; regret; penitence | pride; approval | Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender. |
Exercise
- Make a sentence with moral.
- Make a sentence with ethics.
- Make a sentence with discipline.
- Make a sentence with truthfulness.
- Make a sentence with honest.
- Make a sentence with forgiveness.
- Make a sentence with offender.
- Make a sentence with repentance.
Worked Example Series
Ex. Make a sentence with moral.
Sol: Word = moral
Meaning = related to right conduct and values
Sentence = A moral person follows the path of honesty.
Ans. A moral person follows the path of honesty.
Ex. Make a sentence with discipline.
Sol: Word = discipline
Meaning = self-control and orderly behaviour
Sentence = Discipline helps a learner act responsibly.
Ans. Discipline helps a learner act responsibly.
Ex. Make a sentence with truthfulness.
Sol: Word = truthfulness
Meaning = the quality of telling the truth
Sentence = Truthfulness reveals the real nature of human life.
Ans. Truthfulness reveals the real nature of human life.
Ex. Make a sentence with forgiveness.
Sol: Word = forgiveness
Meaning = releasing a remorseful offender from punishment
Sentence = Forgiveness can stop hostility in society.
Ans. Forgiveness can stop hostility in society.
Ex. Make a sentence with repentance.
Sol: Word = repentance
Meaning = regret for a wrong action
Sentence = Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender.
Ans. Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender.
Answer Key: The model sentences are given in the worked examples above.
Total words: 8
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Meanings of Moral Words
1. What does moral mean in the chapter?
A. Related to right conduct and values
B. Related to a family group
C. Related to a place of study
D. Related to punishment
Sol: [A] Moral means related to right conduct and values.
2. Which word means principles of right conduct?
A. Offender
B. Ethics
C. Clan
D. Repentance
Sol: [B] Ethics means principles of right conduct.
3. A learner who controls behaviour and acts orderly shows which quality?
A. Discipline
B. Falsehood
C. Revenge
D. Clan
Sol: [A] Discipline means self-control and orderly behaviour.
Truthfulness and Honesty
4. What is truthfulness?
A. Hiding every fact
B. Telling everything frankly and openly
C. Taking revenge
D. Refusing to learn
Sol: [B] The chapter defines truthfulness as telling everything frankly and openly.
5. Which sentence uses frankly correctly?
A. Satyakama spoke frankly about his clan.
B. Satyakama spoke frankly by hiding the truth.
C. Satyakama spoke frankly through revenge.
D. Satyakama spoke frankly without honesty.
Sol: [A] Frankly means openly and honestly, as Satyakama did.
6. Why was Satyakama respected by the sage?
A. He concealed his clan.
B. He spoke the truth about his clan.
C. He punished an offender.
D. He avoided Brahmavidya.
Sol: [B] His honest answer showed truthfulness and courage.
Forgiveness and Repentance
7. What does forgiveness mean in the chapter?
A. Releasing a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment
B. Hiding a truthful person
C. Increasing hostility
D. Committing another crime
Sol: [A] Forgiveness releases a remorseful offender without punishment.
8. Which word means regret for a wrong action?
A. Repentance
B. Discipline
C. Brahmacharya
D. Education
Sol: [A] Repentance means regret for a wrong action.
Chapter Terms in Context
9. In the tale of Satyakama, what is a clan?
A. A family or group sharing ancestry
B. A religious study period
C. Sacred knowledge of Ishwar
D. A place where a sage teaches
Sol: [A] A clan is a family or group sharing ancestry.
10. Which word names the place where Saint Gautama lived and taught?
A. Religion
B. Hermitage
C. Repentance
D. Forgiveness
Sol: [B] A hermitage is a place where a sage lives and teaches.
11. Quick Revision List
◆Key Points
- Moral education teaches ethics, manners and discipline.
- Moral education is a part of religion and helps to create human values in society.
- Truthfulness means telling everything frankly and openly without hiding anything.
- Truthfulness is a noble quality of human character and a part of religion.
- A truthful person is loved, respected and trusted by others.
- Everyone should speak the truth and follow the path of honesty.
- Satyakama spoke truthfully about his clan and was allowed to practise Brahmacharya.
- The tale of Satyakama teaches that truth should be told and can never be suppressed.
- Families can develop truthfulness by creating an atmosphere of speaking the truth.
- Parents can inspire children through stories and incidents about truthful persons.
- Forgiveness means releasing a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment.
- Forgiveness creates repentance in the mind of an offender and gives a chance for self-purification.
- Forgiveness can stop hostility, remove social disorder and help maintain discipline.
- The ten external signs of religion include tolerance, forgiveness, mercy, self-restraint, knowledge, truth and absence of anger.
12. Practice Bank
1. Stimulus: Satyakama did not know the name of his clan. He asked his mother and then told the sage the truth.
ক. What did Satyakama not know? [2]
খ. Write the meaning of truthfulness in your own words. [4]
গ. Explain why the sage respected Satyakama. [4]
2. Stimulus: Moral education teaches ethics, manners and discipline. It helps learners develop human values in society.
ক. What does moral education teach? [2]
খ. Identify the subject and predicate in: “Moral education develops human values.” [4]
গ. Rewrite the stimulus in four connected sentences without changing its meaning. [4]
3. Stimulus: Forgiveness releases a remorseful offender instead of giving punishment. It can create repentance and stop hostility.
ক. Who may be released through forgiveness? [2]
খ. Make sentences with repentance and hostility. [4]
গ. Join the two sentences with a suitable conjunction: “Forgiveness creates repentance. It can stop hostility.” [4]
4. Stimulus: Parents can inspire children through stories about truthful persons. A family atmosphere of speaking the truth helps children develop honest behaviour.
ক. Who can inspire children through stories? [2]
খ. Change the sentence “Parents can inspire children” into the negative and interrogative forms. [4]
গ. Write four sentences describing the role of a family in developing truthfulness. [4]
5. Stimulus: Saint Gautama lived and taught at a hermitage. Satyakama wished to learn Brahmavidya by practising Brahmacharya.
ক. Where did Saint Gautama teach? [2]
খ. Write the Bengali meanings of hermitage and sacred knowledge. [4]
গ. Write a short paragraph of five sentences about Satyakama’s wish to learn Brahmavidya. [4]