Textual Dictionary
Chapter Three
Nature and Faith of Hindu Religion
Nature and Faith of Hindu Religion
Hindu Religion Studies Class Six (English Version)
Every word below is taken from this chapter, and the meanings are given for student understanding.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (অ্যানশেন্ট) | Very old; belonging to the past | old (পুরোনো); past (অতীত) | modern (আধুনিক); present (বর্তমান) | Sanatan religion is an ancient religion. The sentence describes the age of Sanatan religion. |
| eternal (ইটার্নাল) | Existing forever; without an end | perpetual (চিরস্থায়ী); Sanatan (চিরন্তন) | — | The meaning of Sanatan is eternal. Sanatan means something that does not change with time. |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | To pray to or honour a deity | praise (প্রশংসা করা); pray (প্রার্থনা করা) | — | People worship gods and goddesses in different rituals. Worship is an important practice in the chapter. |
| devotion (ডিভোশন) | Deep love, faith, and respect | faith (বিশ্বাস); respect (শ্রদ্ধা); love (ভালোবাসা) | — | Devotion means expression of respect with love to seniors. The chapter connects devotion with respect and love. |
| respect (রেসপেক্ট) | A feeling of honour and regard | devotion (ভক্তি); love (ভালোবাসা) | — | Children should show respect to other superiors in society. Respect is shown to parents, teachers, and other elders. |
| superior (সুপিরিয়র) | A person older or higher in position | senior (জ্যেষ্ঠ); elder (বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠ); preceptor (শিক্ষাগুরু) | — | Children should show respect to other superiors in society. Superiors include respected elders and teachers. |
| salvation (স্যালভেশন) | Religious freedom from worldly suffering | freedom (মুক্তি); peace (শান্তি) | — | Man can get salvation by worshipping gods and goddesses. The chapter presents salvation as a result of religious practice. |
| rebirth (রিবার্থ) | Being born again | — | — | One has to undergo the result of work even after rebirth. The chapter connects rebirth with the result of one's work. |
Dictionary entries: 8
1. How to Use This Sheet
- Read the chapter carefully before using this sheet.
- Cover the meaning column and test yourself on each word.
- Say the pronunciation aloud and compare it with the Bengali pronunciation.
- Use the example sentences for writing practice.
- Notice how each word is used in the chapter about Sanatan and Hindu religion.
- Review the key points after studying the dictionary entries.
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (অ্যানশেন্ট) | প্রাচীন (very old; belonging to the past) | old (পুরোনো); past (অতীত) | modern (আধুনিক); present (বর্তমান) | Hindu religion is an ancient religion. হিন্দু ধর্ম একটি প্রাচীন ধর্ম। |
| eternal (ইটার্নাল) | চিরন্তন (existing forever; without an end) | Sanatan (চিরন্তন) | — | The meaning of Sanatan is eternal. সনাতন শব্দের অর্থ চিরন্তন। |
| worship (ওয়ারশিপ) | উপাসনা করা (to pray to or honour a deity) | pray (প্রার্থনা করা); praise (প্রশংসা করা) | — | Worshiping deities is a special aspect of religion. দেবদেবীর উপাসনা ধর্মের একটি বিশেষ দিক। |
| devotion (ডিভোশন) | ভক্তি (deep love, faith, and respect) | faith (বিশ্বাস); respect (শ্রদ্ধা); love (ভালোবাসা) | — | Devotion means expression of respect with love to seniors. ভক্তি বলতে বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠদের প্রতি ভালোবাসার সঙ্গে শ্রদ্ধা প্রকাশ বোঝায়। |
| respect (রেসপেক্ট) | শ্রদ্ধা (a feeling of honour and regard) | devotion (ভক্তি); love (ভালোবাসা) | — | Children should show respect to other superiors in the society. শিশুদের সমাজের অন্যান্য ঊর্ধ্বতন ব্যক্তির প্রতি শ্রদ্ধা দেখানো উচিত। |
| superior (সুপিরিয়র) | বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠ বা ঊর্ধ্বতন ব্যক্তি (a person older or higher in position) | senior (জ্যেষ্ঠ); elder (বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠ); preceptor (শিক্ষাগুরু) | — | Teachers are our guides and respected superiors. শিক্ষকেরা আমাদের পথপ্রদর্শক ও শ্রদ্ধেয় ঊর্ধ্বতন ব্যক্তি। |
| salvation (স্যালভেশন) | মুক্তি (freedom from worldly suffering) | freedom (মুক্তি); peace (শান্তি) | — | Through devotion, we achieve grace and salvation. ভক্তির মাধ্যমে আমরা কৃপা ও মুক্তি লাভ করি। |
| rebirth (রিবার্থ) | পুনর্জন্ম (being born again) | — | — | The theory of rebirth arises from the result of work. কর্মফলের ধারণা থেকে পুনর্জন্মের তত্ত্বের সৃষ্টি হয়। |
Dictionary entries: 8
▣ Key Points
- Sanatan religion and Hinduism are described as the same religion.
- Sanatan means eternal and refers to what was in the past, is in the present, and will be in the future.
- The word Hindu is derived from the word Shindhu.
- Foreigners pronounced Shindhu as Hindu.
- Bhagoban is at the root of Sanatan religion and Hindu religion.
- The main aim of religion is to make human life beautiful, happy, and peaceful.
- The result of work is called Karmafala and it is unavoidable.
- The theory of rebirth is connected with undergoing the result of work.
- Worshiping gods and goddesses, praising Ishwar, and performing religious rituals are presented as ways of attaining peace and salvation.
- Religious faith includes beliefs that help a person follow the right path of life.
- Devotion is made up of respect, love, and virtue.
- Parents and teachers are described as important seniors and guides in a person's life.
2. Key Words - Main Table (1-15)
| শব্দ (উচ্চারণ) | অর্থ (Meaning) | সমার্থক (Synonyms) | বিপরীত (Antonyms) | উদাহরণ বাক্য (Example) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (অ্যানশেন্ট) | প্রাচীন (very old; belonging to the past) | old (পুরোনো); bygone (অতীতের) | modern (আধুনিক); new (নতুন) | Hindu religion is an ancient religion. হিন্দু ধর্ম একটি প্রাচীন ধর্ম। |
| religion (রিলিজিয়ন) | ধর্ম (a system of faith and religious practice) | faith (বিশ্বাস); belief (বিশ্বাস) | irreligion (ধর্মহীনতা); disbelief (অবিশ্বাস) | Religion helps man follow the right path of life. ধর্ম মানুষকে জীবনের সঠিক পথে চলতে সাহায্য করে। |
| real (রিয়েল) | প্রকৃত (true or actual) | actual (প্রকৃত); true (সত্য) | false (মিথ্যা); unreal (অবাস্তব) | The real name of this religion is Sanaton. এই ধর্মের প্রকৃত নাম সনাতন। |
| name (নেম) | নাম (a word by which someone or something is known) | title (নাম বা উপাধি); designation (পরিচয়) | — | The other name of Sanaton religion is Hindu religion. সনাতন ধর্মের অন্য নাম হিন্দু ধর্ম। |
| Sanaton (সনাতন) | চিরন্তন (eternal and unchanged through time) | eternal (চিরন্তন); everlasting (চিরস্থায়ী) | temporary (সাময়িক); changing (পরিবর্তনশীল) | Sanaton religion is an ancient religion. সনাতন ধর্ম একটি প্রাচীন ধর্ম। |
| worshiping (ওয়ারশিপিং) | উপাসনা করা (praying to or honouring a deity) | praying (প্রার্থনা করা); honouring (সম্মান করা) | neglecting (অবহেলা করা); ignoring (উপেক্ষা করা) | Worshiping deities is a special aspect of religion. দেবদেবীর উপাসনা ধর্মের একটি বিশেষ দিক। |
| deities (ডিইটিজ) | দেবদেবী (gods and goddesses) | gods (দেবতারা); goddesses (দেবীরা) | — | People worship different deities through religious rituals. মানুষ ধর্মীয় আচার-অনুষ্ঠানের মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন দেবদেবীর উপাসনা করে। |
| special (স্পেশাল) | বিশেষ (different from what is usual) | particular (নির্দিষ্ট); unique (অনন্য) | common (সাধারণ); ordinary (স্বাভাবিক) | Worshiping deities is a special aspect of religion. দেবদেবীর উপাসনা ধর্মের একটি বিশেষ দিক। |
| aspect (অ্যাসপেক্ট) | দিক (a particular part or feature) | feature (বৈশিষ্ট্য); side (দিক) | whole (সমগ্র); entirety (সম্পূর্ণতা) | Worshiping deities is a special aspect of religion. দেবদেবীর উপাসনা ধর্মের একটি বিশেষ দিক। |
| Bhagoban (ভগবান) | ভগবান বা সৃষ্টিকর্তা (God or the creator) | God (ঈশ্বর); creator (সৃষ্টিকর্তা) | — | Bhagoban is at the root of Hindu religion. ভগবান হিন্দু ধর্মের মূলভিত্তি। |
| root (রুট) | মূলভিত্তি (the fundamental source or basis) | origin (উৎপত্তি); foundation (ভিত্তি) | end (শেষ); result (ফলাফল) | Bhagoban is at the root of Sanaton religion. ভগবান সনাতন ধর্মের মূলভিত্তি। |
| pray (প্রে) | প্রার্থনা করা (to address a deity with devotion) | appeal (আবেদন করা); worship (উপাসনা করা) | — | Men pray to Ishwar with devotion. মানুষ ভক্তির সঙ্গে ঈশ্বরের কাছে প্রার্থনা করে। |
| devotion (ডিভোশন) | ভক্তি (deep respect, love, and faith) | faith (বিশ্বাস); dedication (নিষ্ঠা) | indifference (উদাসীনতা); neglect (অবহেলা) | Devotion includes respect, love, and virtue. ভক্তির মধ্যে শ্রদ্ধা, ভালোবাসা ও সদগুণ রয়েছে। |
| fulfill (ফুলফিল) | পূরণ করা (to satisfy or carry out) | satisfy (সন্তুষ্ট করা); complete (সম্পন্ন করা) | frustrate (ব্যর্থ করা); fail (ব্যর্থ হওয়া) | Ishwar would fulfill the desires of devoted people. ঈশ্বর ভক্ত মানুষের ইচ্ছা পূরণ করবেন। |
| desires (ডিজায়ার্স) | ইচ্ছাসমূহ (strong wishes or wants) | wishes (ইচ্ছা); wants (চাহিদা) | dislikes (অপছন্দ); aversions (বিরাগ) | Devoted people pray to Ishwar to fulfill their desires. ভক্ত মানুষ তাদের ইচ্ছা পূরণের জন্য ঈশ্বরের কাছে প্রার্থনা করে। |
3. Key Words - Main Table (16-30)
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| derived (di-RYVD) | Taken or developed from a source (originated from) | originated (began); obtained (received) | original (first); independent (separate) | The word Hindu is derived from the word Shindhu. |
| origin (OR-i-jin) | The beginning or source of something (beginning) | beginning (start); source (cause); commencement (beginning) | end (finish); conclusion (ending) | The history of the origin of Hindu religion is connected with Sanatan religion. |
| particular (par-TIK-yoo-lar) | Specific or special rather than general (specific) | specific (exact); special (unusual); individual (single) | general (common); ordinary (usual) | Sanatan religion was not created by a particular man. |
| flourish (FLUR-ish) | To grow and develop successfully (thrive) | thrive (grow well); prosper (succeed); develop (grow) | decline (decrease); wither (become weak) | Sanatan religion started to flourish among the people. |
| contribution (kon-tri-BYOO-shun) | Help or effort given to a shared work (help) | help (support); assistance (aid); participation (involvement) | obstruction (barrier); hindrance (difficulty) | The religion developed with the contribution of thoughtful religious people. |
| primitive (PRIM-i-tiv) | Belonging to an early stage of human history (early) | early (first); ancient (very old); prehistoric (before recorded history) | modern (present-day); advanced (developed) | The sense of right and wrong stirred the minds of primitive people. |
| attitudes (AT-i-toodz) | Ways of thinking or feeling (opinions) | opinions (views); feelings (emotions); viewpoints (ideas) | — | The people beside the Shindhu had particular attitudes and beliefs. |
| beliefs (bi-LEEFs) | Ideas accepted as true or held with faith (convictions) | convictions (strong beliefs); faith (trust); ideas (thoughts) | disbelief (lack of faith); doubt (uncertainty) | The thoughts and beliefs of Sanatan religion are also found in Hindu religion. |
| universe (YOO-ni-vurs) | All space and everything in it (the whole creation) | cosmos (all space); world (earth); creation (created existence) | — | Bhagoban created both the universe and religion. |
| creator (kree-AY-tor) | One who creates something (maker) | maker (builder); originator (starter); author (creator) | — | Bhagoban or the creator is always present. |
| unavoidable (un-uh-VOY-duh-bul) | Impossible to avoid (certain to happen) | inevitable (certain); inescapable (unable to be avoided); certain (sure) | avoidable (able to be avoided); optional (not required) | The result of the work that a person has done is unavoidable. |
| undergo (un-der-GOH) | To experience or suffer something (experience) | experience (feel); endure (suffer); face (meet) | avoid (escape); evade (avoid) | A person has to undergo the result of work even after rebirth. |
| liberate (LIB-uh-rayt) | To set free from suffering or control (free) | free (release); release (set free); emancipate (free) | imprison (confine); restrain (hold back) | Bhagoban appears as Avatar to liberate the world from evils. |
| oppression (uh-PRESH-un) | Cruel or unfair control of people (tyranny) | persecution (cruel treatment); tyranny (unfair rule); domination (control) | freedom (liberty); liberation (release) | Bhagoban appears to liberate the world from oppression. |
| heritage (HER-i-tij) | Valuable traditions and ideas received from the past (inheritance) | inheritance (received tradition); tradition (custom); legacy (heritage) | — | Students should take pride in the glorious heritage of Hindu religion. |
Dictionary entries: 15
◆ Key Points
- Sanatan religion and Hinduism are described as the same religion.
- The word Sanatan means eternal and refers to the past, present, and future.
- The word Hindu is derived from the word Shindhu.
- Foreigners pronounced Shindhu as Hindu.
- Bhagoban or the creator is at the root of Hindu religion.
- The main aim of religion is to make human life beautiful, happy, and peaceful.
- Karmafala means the result of work, and this result is unavoidable.
- The theory of rebirth is connected with undergoing the result of work.
- Worshipping deities, praising Ishwar, and performing religious rituals are ways of seeking peace and salvation.
- Devotion is composed of respect, love, and virtue.
- Parents and teachers are important seniors and guides in a person's life.
4. Subject Terms and Definitions
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanaton (SAN-uh-tun) | The eternal religious tradition described in the chapter. | eternal; everlasting | temporary; changing | The real name of this religion is Sanaton. Appears in: Lesson 1 |
| Hindu (HIN-doo) | The name used for the followers and religion connected with Shindhu. | Sanaton; religious | — | The Sanaton religion became known as Hindu religion. Appears in: Lesson 1 |
| eternal (ih-TUR-nuhl) | Existing through the past, present, and future without changing with time. | everlasting; perpetual | temporary; changing | The meaning of Sanatan is eternal. Appears in: Lesson 1 |
| Shindhu (SHIN-doo) | The river from which the word Hindu is derived. | river; Sindh | — | The word Hindu is derived from the word Shindhu. Appears in: Lesson 1 |
| religion (rih-LIJ-uhn) | A system of faith, rules, and religious work that guides human life. | faith; belief | disbelief; irreligion | Religion gives instructions for going along the right path of life. Appears in: Lesson 1, Lesson 2 |
| Karmafala (KAR-muh-fuh-luh) | The result of the work that a person has done. | result; outcome | — | Karmafala is unavoidable. Appears in: Lesson 2 |
| rebirth (ree-BURTH) | Being born again after life. | re-birth; incarnation | — | One has to undergo the result of work even after rebirth. Appears in: Lesson 2 |
| Avatar (AV-uh-tar) | An incarnation in which Bhagoban appears to liberate the world from evils. | incarnation; appearance | — | Bhagoban appears as Avatar to liberate the world from evils. Appears in: Lesson 2 |
| salvation (sal-VAY-shuhn) | Freedom from worldly suffering. | freedom; peace | suffering; oppression | Through devotion, people can attain peace and salvation. Appears in: Lesson 2 |
| devotion (dih-VOH-shuhn) | Expression of respect with love to seniors. | respect; love; faith | neglect; indifference | Respect, love, and virtue compose devotion. Appears in: Lesson 2 and Lesson 3 |
| preceptors (pree-SEP-turz) | Elders and teachers who guide and teach us. | guides; teachers | students; followers | The elders are our preceptors. Appears in: Lesson 2 and Lesson 3 |
| oppression (uh-PRESH-uhn) | Cruel or unfair control of people. | evil; control | freedom; liberation | Bhagoban appears to liberate the world from oppression. Appears in: Lesson 2 |
▣ Key Points
- Sanatan religion and Hinduism are described as the same religion.
- Sanatan means eternal and refers to the past, present, and future.
- The word Hindu is derived from the word Shindhu.
- Foreigners pronounced Shindhu as Hindu.
- Bhagoban or the creator is at the root of Hindu religion.
- The main aim of religion is to make human life beautiful, happy, and peaceful.
- Karmafala means the result of work, and this result is unavoidable.
- The theory of rebirth is connected with undergoing the result of work.
- Worshipping deities, praising Ishwar, and performing religious rituals are ways of seeking peace and salvation.
- Devotion is composed of respect, love, and virtue.
- Parents and teachers are important seniors and guides in a person's life.
Dictionary entries: 12
5. Words in Context
Read the passage first. The bold words are important terms from the chapter and are explained in the table below.
Hindu religion is an ancient religion, and its real name is Sanaton. Sanaton means eternal, because it refers to what was in the past, is in the present, and will be in the future. Bhagoban is at the root of this religion, and worshiping deities is a special aspect of religious practice.
Religious devotion includes respect, love, and virtue. Through religious work, people seek peace and salvation. The chapter also explains that the result of work is unavoidable and is connected with the theory of rebirth.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (AN-shuhnt) | Very old; belonging to the past | old; past | modern; present | Sanaton religion has an ancient heritage. |
| Sanaton (SAN-uh-tun) | The eternal religious tradition described in the chapter | eternal; everlasting | temporary; changing | Sanaton is the real name of this religion. |
| eternal (ih-TUR-nuhl) | Existing through the past, present, and future without ending | everlasting; perpetual | temporary; changing | The meaning of Sanatan is eternal. |
| worshiping (WUR-shi-ping) | Praying to or honouring a deity | praying; honouring | neglecting; ignoring | Worshiping deities is a special aspect of religion. |
| deities (DEE-i-teez) | Gods and goddesses | gods; goddesses | — | People worship different deities through religious rituals. |
| Bhagoban (BHA-goh-bahn) | God or the creator | God; creator | — | Bhagoban is at the root of Hindu religion. |
| devotion (dih-VOH-shuhn) | Deep respect, love, and faith | respect; love; faith | neglect; indifference | Devotion to seniors includes respect, love, and virtue. |
| respect (rih-SPEKT) | A feeling of honour and regard | regard; honour | disrespect; neglect | Children should show respect to their parents and teachers. |
| salvation (sal-VAY-shuhn) | Freedom from worldly suffering | freedom; peace | suffering; oppression | Through devotion, people can attain peace and salvation. |
| rebirth (ree-BURTH) | Being born again after life | re-birth; incarnation | — | The theory of rebirth is connected with the result of work. |
6. Exercise 1 - Match the Meaning
Match each word in Column A with its correct meaning in Column B. Write the correct letter beside each word.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. ancient (অ্যানশেন্ট) | প্রাচীন (very old; belonging to the past) | old (পুরোনো); bygone (অতীতের) | modern (আধুনিক); new (নতুন) | Sanaton religion has an ancient heritage. সনাতন ধর্মের একটি প্রাচীন ঐতিহ্য রয়েছে। |
| 2. eternal (ইটার্নাল) | চিরন্তন (existing forever; without an end) | everlasting (চিরস্থায়ী); perpetual (চিরস্থায়ী) | temporary (সাময়িক); changing (পরিবর্তনশীল) | The meaning of Sanatan is eternal. সনাতন শব্দের অর্থ চিরন্তন। |
| 3. worshiping (ওয়ারশিপিং) | উপাসনা করা (praying to or honouring a deity) | praying (প্রার্থনা করা); honouring (সম্মান করা) | neglecting (অবহেলা করা); ignoring (উপেক্ষা করা) | Worshiping deities is a special aspect of religion. দেবদেবীর উপাসনা ধর্মের একটি বিশেষ দিক। |
| 4. deities (ডিইটিজ) | দেবদেবী (gods and goddesses) | gods (দেবতারা); goddesses (দেবীরা) | — | People worship different deities through religious rituals. মানুষ ধর্মীয় আচার-অনুষ্ঠানের মাধ্যমে বিভিন্ন দেবদেবীর উপাসনা করে। |
| 5. Bhagoban (ভগবান) | ভগবান বা সৃষ্টিকর্তা (God or the creator) | God (ঈশ্বর); creator (সৃষ্টিকর্তা) | — | Bhagoban is at the root of Hindu religion. ভগবান হিন্দু ধর্মের মূলভিত্তি। |
| 6. devotion (ডিভোশন) | ভক্তি (deep respect, love, and faith) | respect (শ্রদ্ধা); love (ভালোবাসা); faith (বিশ্বাস) | neglect (অবহেলা); indifference (উদাসীনতা) | Devotion to seniors includes respect, love, and virtue. বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠদের প্রতি ভক্তির মধ্যে শ্রদ্ধা, ভালোবাসা ও সদগুণ রয়েছে। |
| 7. respect (রেসপেক্ট) | শ্রদ্ধা (a feeling of honour and regard) | regard (সম্মান); honour (মর্যাদা) | disrespect (অশ্রদ্ধা); neglect (অবহেলা) | Children should show respect to their parents and teachers. শিশুদের তাদের বাবা-মা ও শিক্ষকদের প্রতি শ্রদ্ধা দেখানো উচিত। |
| 8. salvation (স্যালভেশন) | মুক্তি (freedom from worldly suffering) | freedom (স্বাধীনতা); peace (শান্তি) | suffering (দুঃখভোগ); oppression (নিপীড়ন) | Through devotion, people can attain peace and salvation. ভক্তির মাধ্যমে মানুষ শান্তি ও মুক্তি লাভ করতে পারে। |
| 9. rebirth (রিবার্থ) | পুনর্জন্ম (being born again after life) | re-incarnation (পুনর্জন্ম); incarnation (অবতাররূপে আবির্ভাব) | — | The theory of rebirth is connected with the result of work. পুনর্জন্মের তত্ত্ব কর্মফলের সঙ্গে যুক্ত। |
| 10. preceptors (প্রিসেপ্টর্স) | শিক্ষাগুরু বা পথপ্রদর্শক (teachers or guides) | teachers (শিক্ষকেরা); guides (পথপ্রদর্শকেরা); seniors (বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠরা) | — | The elders are our preceptors. বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠরা আমাদের শিক্ষাগুরু। |
Answer Key: 1–A, 2–J, 3–F, 4–C, 5–H, 6–D, 7–I, 8–B, 9–E, 10–G
Column B: Shuffled Meanings
A. Very old; belonging to the past
B. Freedom from worldly suffering
C. Gods and goddesses
D. Deep respect, love, and faith
E. Being born again after life
F. Praying to or honouring a deity
G. Teachers or guides
H. God or the creator
I. A feeling of honour and regard
J. Existing forever; without an end
Column B: Shuffled Meanings
A. Very old; belonging to the past
B. Freedom from worldly suffering
C. Gods and goddesses
D. Deep respect, love, and faith
E. Being born again after life
F. Praying to or honouring a deity
G. Teachers or guides
H. God or the creator
I. A feeling of honour and regard
J. Existing forever; without an end
7. Exercise 2 - Fill in the Blanks
Word Bank: ancient, derived, eternal, grace, rebirth, salvation, serve, superiors, unavoidable, welfare
Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the word bank. Use each word once.
- The meaning of Sanatan is __________.
- The word “Hindu” is __________ from the word “Shindhu”.
- Hindu religion is an __________ religion.
- Men pray to Ishwar to receive His __________.
- Parents arrange the comfort and __________ of their children.
- Children should __________ their parents considering them deities.
- Children should show respect to other __________ in society.
- The result of work is __________.
- The theory of __________ is connected with the result of work.
- Through religious activities, man can attain __________.
Worked Example Series
Ex. 1 Complete the sentence: The meaning of Sanatan is __________.
Sol: The sentence asks for the meaning of Sanatan
Sanatan = eternal
Therefore, the blank = eternal. Ans. eternal
Sanatan = eternal
Therefore, the blank = eternal. Ans. eternal
Ex. 2 Complete the sentence: The word “Hindu” is __________ from the word “Shindhu”.
Sol: The chapter explains the origin of the word “Hindu”
“Hindu” = derived from “Shindhu”
Therefore, the blank = derived. Ans. derived
“Hindu” = derived from “Shindhu”
Therefore, the blank = derived. Ans. derived
Ex. 3 Complete the sentence: Children should __________ their parents considering them deities.
Sol: The sentence describes a child’s duty to parents
Child’s duty = serve parents
Therefore, the blank = serve. Ans. serve
Child’s duty = serve parents
Therefore, the blank = serve. Ans. serve
Ex. 4 Complete the sentence: The theory of __________ is connected with the result of work.
Sol: The chapter connects the result of work with another birth
Another birth = rebirth
Therefore, the blank = rebirth. Ans. rebirth
Another birth = rebirth
Therefore, the blank = rebirth. Ans. rebirth
Answer Key
1. eternal 2. derived 3. ancient 4. grace 5. welfare 6. serve 7. superiors 8. unavoidable 9. rebirth 10. salvation
Textual Dictionary
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (অ্যানশেন্ট) | Very old; belonging to the past | old; bygone | modern; new | Hindu religion is an ancient religion. |
| derived (ডিরাইভড) | Taken or developed from a source | originated; formed | created; independent | The word “Hindu” is derived from “Shindhu”. |
| eternal (ইটার্নাল) | Existing forever; without an end | perpetual; everlasting | temporary; changing | The meaning of Sanatan is eternal. |
| grace (গ্রেস) | Divine favour or kindness | favour; blessing | disfavour; rejection | Men have to do religious work to get His grace. |
| rebirth (রিবার্থ) | Being born again | reincarnation; incarnation | — | The theory of rebirth is connected with the result of work. |
| salvation (স্যালভেশন) | Freedom from worldly suffering | freedom; peace | suffering; oppression | Through religious activities, man can get salvation. |
| serve (সার্ভ) | To help or care for someone | help; assist | neglect; harm | Children should serve their parents. |
| superiors (সুপিরিয়র্স) | Older or higher-ranking people | elders; seniors | juniors; inferiors | Children should show respect to other superiors in society. |
| unavoidable (আনঅ্যাভয়ডেবল) | Impossible to avoid | certain; inevitable | avoidable; uncertain | The result of work is unavoidable. |
| welfare (ওয়েলফেয়ার) | Health, comfort, and well-being | well-being; happiness | suffering; hardship | Parents arrange the comfort and welfare of their children. |
8. Exercise 3 - Synonyms and Antonyms
Choose the correct synonym or antonym as directed.
- Write a synonym of ancient.
- Write an antonym of eternal.
- Write a synonym of worship.
- Write a synonym of devotion.
- Write an antonym of respect.
- Write a synonym of superior.
- Write a synonym of salvation.
- Write a synonym of rebirth.
- Write an antonym of religion.
- Write an antonym of real.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (AN-shuhnt) | Very old; belonging to the past | old (belonging to the past); bygone (past) | modern (of the present age); new (recent) | Sanatan religion is an ancient religion. Sanatan religion belongs to the past. |
| eternal (ih-TUR-nuhl) | Existing forever; without an end | perpetual (lasting forever); everlasting (continuing forever) | temporary (lasting for a short time); changing (not remaining the same) | The meaning of Sanatan is eternal. Sanatan means something that does not change with time. |
| worship (WUR-ship) | To pray to or honour a deity | pray (address a deity); praise (honour) | — | People worship gods and goddesses through religious rituals. Worship is an important religious practice. |
| devotion (dih-VOH-shuhn) | Deep love, faith, and respect | faith (belief); respect (regard); love (deep affection) | — | Devotion means expression of respect with love to seniors. Devotion combines respect, love, and virtue. |
| respect (rih-SPEKT) | A feeling of honour and regard | devotion (deep regard); regard (respect) | neglect (lack of care); disrespect (lack of honour) | Children should show respect to other superiors in the society. Respect is shown to parents, teachers, and elders. |
| superior (soo-PEER-ee-uhr) | A person older or higher in position | senior (older); elder (older person); preceptor (guide) | junior (younger); inferior (lower in position) | Teachers are our guides and respected superiors. Teachers show us the paths of life. |
| salvation (sal-VAY-shuhn) | Freedom from worldly suffering | freedom (release); peace (calm) | suffering (pain); oppression (cruel control) | Through devotion, people achieve grace and salvation. Religious activities help man attain salvation. |
| rebirth (ree-BURTH) | Being born again | incarnation (new birth); re-creation (creation again) | — | The theory of rebirth is connected with the result of work. A person undergoes the result of work even after rebirth. |
| religion (rih-LIJ-uhn) | A system of faith and religious practice | faith (belief); belief (acceptance); practice (religious activity) | irreligion (lack of religion); disbelief (lack of belief) | Religion helps man follow the right path of life. Religion makes human life beautiful and happy. |
| real (REEL) | True or actual | actual (true); true (correct) | false (not true); unreal (not actual) | The real name of this religion is Sanaton. Sanaton is the real name given in the chapter. |
Worked Example Series
Ex. Write a synonym of ancient.
Sol:
ancient = very old
very old = old
Ans. old
ancient = very old
very old = old
Ans. old
Ex. Write an antonym of eternal.
Sol:
eternal = existing forever
opposite idea = lasting for a short time
lasting for a short time = temporary
Ans. temporary
eternal = existing forever
opposite idea = lasting for a short time
lasting for a short time = temporary
Ans. temporary
Ex. Write a synonym of devotion.
Sol:
devotion = deep love, faith, and respect
deep love, faith, and respect = faith
Ans. faith
devotion = deep love, faith, and respect
deep love, faith, and respect = faith
Ans. faith
Ex. Write an antonym of real.
Sol:
real = true or actual
opposite of true = false
Ans. false
real = true or actual
opposite of true = false
Ans. false
Ex. Write a synonym of salvation.
Sol:
salvation = freedom from worldly suffering
freedom from suffering = peace
Ans. peace
salvation = freedom from worldly suffering
freedom from suffering = peace
Ans. peace
Answer Key: 1. old 2. temporary 3. pray 4. faith 5. neglect 6. senior 7. freedom 8. incarnation 9. irreligion 10. false
9. Exercise 4 - Make Sentences
Use each word in a meaningful sentence. Read the meaning and example carefully.
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (AYN-shuhnt) | Very old; belonging to the past | old (of the past); bygone (past) | modern (of the present); new (recent) | The people followed an ancient religious tradition. The people followed a very old religious tradition. |
| eternal (ih-TUR-nuhl) | Existing forever; without an end | perpetual (lasting forever); everlasting (continuing forever) | temporary (short-lived); changing (not remaining the same) | Sanatan means something eternal. Sanatan means something that exists forever. |
| worshiping (WUR-ship-ing) | Praying to or honouring a deity | praying (speaking to a deity); honouring (showing respect) | neglecting (failing to care); ignoring (paying no attention) | Worshiping deities is a special aspect of religion. Praying to deities is an important part of religion. |
| devotion (dih-VOH-shuhn) | Deep love, faith, and respect | faith (belief); dedication (devoted effort); love (deep affection) | indifference (lack of concern); neglect (lack of care) | Devotion combines respect, love, and virtue. Devotion brings together respect, love, and virtue. |
| respect (rih-SPEKT) | A feeling of honour and regard | regard (esteem); devotion (deep respect); honour (high regard) | disrespect (lack of honour); neglect (lack of care) | Children should show respect to their teachers. Children should show honour to their teachers. |
| superior (soo-PEER-ee-uhr) | A person older or higher in position | senior (older person); elder (older person); preceptor (guide) | junior (younger person); inferior (lower in position) | Teachers are our guides and respected superiors. Teachers are respected senior guides in our lives. |
| salvation (sal-VAY-shuhn) | Freedom from worldly suffering | freedom (release); peace (calm); release (liberation) | suffering (pain); oppression (cruel control) | Religious activities help people attain salvation. Religious activities help people gain freedom from worldly suffering. |
| rebirth (ree-BURTH) | Being born again | incarnation (new birth); re-creation (creation again) | — | The theory of rebirth is connected with the result of work. The idea of being born again is linked with the result of work. |
Dictionary entries: 8
Ex. Make a sentence with ancient.
Sol: ancient → very old → a religious tradition from the past → Ans. Hindu religion is an ancient religion.
Ex. Make a sentence with devotion.
Sol: devotion → deep love and respect → love and respect for seniors → Ans. Devotion means expressing respect with love to seniors.
Ex. Make a sentence with superior.
Sol: superior → an older or higher person → teachers as guides → Ans. Teachers are our respected superiors.
Ex. Make a sentence with salvation.
Sol: salvation → freedom from worldly suffering → a result of religious devotion → Ans. Through devotion, people can attain salvation.
Ex. Make a sentence with rebirth.
Sol: rebirth → being born again → connection with the result of work → Ans. The theory of rebirth is connected with the result of work.
10. Vocabulary MCQ (1-10)
Practice Questions
Word Meanings
1. What does ancient mean in the chapter?
A. New and modernB. Very oldC. Full of happinessD. Without respect
Sol: [B] Ancient means very old or belonging to the past.
2. Which word means “existing forever; without an end”?
A. EternalB. SuperiorC. RebirthD. Ancient
Sol: [A] Eternal describes something that exists forever.
Faith and Religious Practice
3. What does worshiping mean?
A. Ignoring a deityB. Praying to or honouring a deityC. Changing a traditionD. Receiving instruction
Sol: [B] The chapter presents worshiping as praying to or honouring deities.
4. Which word means deep love, faith, and respect?
A. DevotionB. SalvationC. RebirthD. Root
Sol: [A] Devotion combines respect, love, and virtue.
5. In the chapter, salvation is best understood as—
A. Freedom from worldly sufferingB. A place beside a riverC. A form of clothingD. A particular saint
Sol: [A] The chapter connects salvation with freedom from worldly suffering.
People and Relationships
6. A superior is a person who is—
A. Younger or lower in positionB. Older or higher in positionC. Born againD. Without a belief
Sol: [B] Superiors include respected elders, parents, and teachers.
7. Which sentence uses respect correctly in the chapter’s context?
A. Children should show respect to their teachers.B. Children should show respect to a changing season.C. Respect means being born again.D. Respect is another name for a river.
Sol: [A] The chapter teaches children to respect teachers and other superiors.
Context and Usage
8. Complete the sentence: “Bhagoban is at the ___ of Hindu religion.”
A. endB. rootC. changeD. rebirth
Sol: [B] The chapter states that Bhagoban is at the root of Hindu religion.
9. If someone is born again after undergoing the result of work, this is called—
A. WorshipingB. RebirthC. RespectD. Salvation
Sol: [B] Rebirth means being born again and is connected with the result of work.
10. Choose the sentence in which fulfill is used correctly.
A. Ishwar would fulfill the desires of devoted people.B. The river would fulfill as Hindu.C. Ancient would fulfill a teacher.D. Rebirth would fulfill a deity.
Sol: [A] Fulfill means to satisfy or carry out a desire.
11. Quick Revision List
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ancient (AN-shunt) | Very old; belonging to the past | old; bygone; past | modern; new; present | The ancient tradition continued through many generations. The tradition continued through many generations. |
| eternal (ee-TER-nuhl) | Existing forever; without an end | everlasting; perpetual; timeless | temporary; limited; changing | Sanatan expresses the idea of an eternal religious truth. Sanatan expresses a truth without an end. |
| worship (WUR-ship) | To pray to or honour a deity | pray; honour; praise | neglect; ignore; disrespect | Families worship deities during religious rituals. Families pray to and honour deities. |
| devotion (dih-VOH-shun) | Deep love, faith, and respect | dedication; faith; reverence | indifference; neglect; disregard | Devotion leads children to serve and honour their parents. Devotion inspires respectful service to parents. |
| respect (ri-SPEKT) | A feeling of honour and regard | regard; honour; esteem | disrespect; contempt; disregard | Students show respect to teachers who guide their lives. Students honour their teachers. |
| superior (soo-PEER-ee-ur) | A person older or higher in position | senior; elder; guide | junior; younger; follower | Parents and teachers are important superiors in a child's life. Parents and teachers guide the child. |
| salvation (sal-VAY-shun) | Freedom from worldly suffering | liberation; freedom; deliverance | suffering; bondage; oppression | Religious practice is described as a path towards salvation. Religious practice can lead to freedom from suffering. |
| rebirth (ree-BURTH) | Being born again | reincarnation; renewal; new birth | death; finality; ending | The chapter connects rebirth with the result of a person's work. Rebirth is linked with the result of work. |
✦ Key Points
- Sanatan religion and Hinduism are described as the same religion.
- Sanatan means eternal and refers to the past, present, and future.
- The word Hindu is derived from the word Shindhu.
- Foreigners pronounced Shindhu as Hindu.
- Bhagoban or the creator is at the root of Hindu religion.
- The main aim of religion is to make human life beautiful, happy, and peaceful.
- The result of work is called Karmafala and it is unavoidable.
- The theory of rebirth is connected with undergoing the result of work.
- Worshiping deities, praising Ishwar, and performing religious rituals are ways of seeking peace and salvation.
- Devotion includes respect, love, and virtue.
- Parents and teachers are important seniors and guides in a person's life.
12. Practice Bank
| Word (Pronunciation) | Meaning | Synonyms | Antonyms | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| heritage (হেরিটেজ) | ঐতিহ্য (the traditions and qualities passed down from the past) | tradition (ঐতিহ্য); inheritance (উত্তরাধিকার) | — | Students take pride in the glorious heritage of Hindu religion. শিক্ষার্থীরা হিন্দু ধর্মের গৌরবময় ঐতিহ্য নিয়ে গর্ব করে। |
| acquaintance (অ্যাকোয়েন্টেন্স) | পরিচয় (knowledge of or familiarity with someone or something) | familiarity (পরিচিতি); knowledge (জ্ঞান) | ignorance (অজ্ঞতা); unfamiliarity (অপরিচিতি) | The history of Hindu religion lies in one's acquaintance with Sanatan religion. হিন্দু ধর্মের ইতিহাস সনাতন ধর্মের সঙ্গে পরিচয়ের মধ্যে নিহিত। |
| primitive (প্রিমিটিভ) | আদিম (belonging to an early stage of human history) | early (প্রাথমিক); ancient (প্রাচীন) | modern (আধুনিক); advanced (উন্নত) | The sense of right and wrong stirred the minds of primitive people. ন্যায় ও অন্যায়ের বোধ আদিম মানুষের মনে জাগ্রত হয়েছিল। |
| contribution (কনট্রিবিউশন) | অবদান (something given to help develop something) | help (সহায়তা); share (অংশগ্রহণ) | hindrance (বাধা); obstruction (প্রতিবন্ধকতা) | The religion developed through the contribution of thoughtful people. চিন্তাশীল মানুষের অবদানের মাধ্যমে ধর্মটি বিকশিত হয়েছিল। |
| oppression (অপ্রেশন) | নিপীড়ন (cruel or unfair treatment) | injustice (অন্যায়); cruelty (নিষ্ঠুরতা) | freedom (স্বাধীনতা); justice (ন্যায়বিচার) | Bhagoban appears as Avatar to liberate the world from oppression. নিপীড়ন থেকে পৃথিবীকে মুক্ত করতে ভগবান অবতাররূপে আবির্ভূত হন। |
| incarnation (ইনকারনেশন) | অবতাররূপে আবির্ভাব (the appearance of a deity in earthly form) | Avatar (অবতার); appearance (আবির্ভাব) | — | The concept of incarnation is found in Hindu religion. হিন্দু ধর্মে অবতারের ধারণা পাওয়া যায়। |
| universe (ইউনিভার্স) | বিশ্বজগৎ (the whole of space and everything in it) | world (পৃথিবী); cosmos (মহাবিশ্ব) | — | Religion came to the universe to make human life beautiful and happy. মানবজীবনকে সুন্দর ও সুখী করতে ধর্ম বিশ্বজগতে এসেছে। |
| welfare (ওয়েলফেয়ার) | কল্যাণ (well-being and comfort) | well-being (মঙ্গল); prosperity (সমৃদ্ধি) | harm (ক্ষতি); suffering (দুঃখভোগ) | Parents arrange comfort and welfare for their children. বাবা-মা তাঁদের সন্তানদের আরাম ও কল্যাণের ব্যবস্থা করেন। |
| preceptor (প্রিসেপ্টর) | শিক্ষাগুরু (a respected teacher or guide) | teacher (শিক্ষক); guide (পথপ্রদর্শক) | student (শিক্ষার্থী); learner (শিক্ষার্থী) | Our parents and teachers are important preceptors. আমাদের বাবা-মা ও শিক্ষকেরা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শিক্ষাগুরু। |
| virtue (ভার্চু) | সদ্গুণ (a good moral quality) | goodness (ভালোত্ব); merit (গুণ) | vice (দুর্গুণ); wickedness (দুষ্টতা) | Respect, love and virtue compose devotion. শ্রদ্ধা, ভালোবাসা ও সদ্গুণ ভক্তি গঠন করে। |
| customs (কাস্টমস) | প্রথা ও রীতিনীতি (traditional ways of behaving) | traditions (ঐতিহ্য); practices (চর্চা) | novelties (নতুনত্ব); changes (পরিবর্তন) | Sanatan religion had special characteristics in customs and behaviours. সনাতন ধর্মের প্রথা ও আচরণে বিশেষ বৈশিষ্ট্য ছিল। |
| evolution (ইভোলিউশন) | ক্রমবিকাশ (gradual development or change) | development (বিকাশ); growth (বৃদ্ধি) | decline (অবনতি); stagnation (স্থবিরতা) | The gradual evolution of Hindu religion can be studied through its rites and worship. হিন্দু ধর্মের ক্রমবিকাশ তার আচার ও উপাসনার মাধ্যমে অধ্যয়ন করা যায়। |
Hints: Use the Bengali meanings to understand each word; cover the meaning column and write your own English sentence for every item.