Unit Four
Youthful Achievers
Unit Four: Youthful Achievers
৪.১ শিখনফল ও বিশ্লেষণের ধরন
৪.২ বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Text-based analysis of “Sheikh Kamal: Life of an Achiever” and “Affectionate, Lively and Always Smiling Sheikh Kamal”
Analysis Framework
Step 1 — Identify the central subject: Who or what receives the greatest attention?
Step 2 — Find repeated ideas: Which qualities, actions or values appear again and again?
Step 3 — State the theme: What main message is developed by those ideas?
Step 4 — Identify the tone: Does the writer sound affectionate, admiring, lively, respectful or sorrowful?
Step 5 — Locate textual evidence: Which short quotation proves the interpretation?
Step 6 — Detect a literary device: Is an expression used imaginatively rather than literally?
Step 7 — Explain the effect: How does the device strengthen the description?
Type-১ : Theme Identification
Shortcut Method
Repeated qualities or actions → central value → main message → supporting quotation
Remember: A theme is the broad idea of the passage, not a single event. In these lessons, the repeated focus on sports, culture, friendship, leadership and service points to a life of energetic achievement and commitment.
Solved Example
Question: What is the central theme of the two lessons?
Analysis: The passages present Sheikh Kamal as a person whose achievement grew from creativity, perseverance, friendship, leadership and service.
Evidence: “He groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment.”
Conclusion: The central theme is that a lively and committed young person can contribute to sports, culture, national service and country building.
Practice Question: How does the passage connect personal achievement with service to the country?
Answer: The passage connects achievement with service by showing that Sheikh Kamal used his abilities to organize sports, promote culture and build the country after independence.
Evidence: “he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.”
Evidence: “he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.”
Type-২ : Tone Identification
Shortcut Method
Writer’s word choice + emotional details + attitude toward the subject → tone
Remember: Warm greetings, smiles, friendship and admiration create an affectionate and admiring tone. The account of his death introduces a sorrowful tone at the end.
Solved Example
Question: What tone is created when the friend recalls Sheikh Kamal’s university life?
Analysis: The friend remembers his smile, handshake, jokes, singing and care for others. These details show personal warmth and admiration.
Evidence: “he greeted me with the friendliest of smiles and a warm handshake.”
Conclusion: The tone is affectionate, friendly and admiring.
Practice Question: How does the tone change near the conclusion of the second lesson?
Answer: The tone changes from warm remembrance to sorrow because the writer recalls that Sheikh Kamal was murdered along with members of his family.
Evidence: “That was the last time I would see Kamal, for two weeks later he was murdered.”
Evidence: “That was the last time I would see Kamal, for two weeks later he was murdered.”
Type-৩ : Character and Literary Device Analysis
Shortcut Method
Action or description → character trait → exact quotation → effect on the reader
Remember: Character traits must be inferred from actions in the text. A literary device should be named only when the wording creates an imaginative comparison or gives a non-human idea a human action.
Solved Example
Question: What character traits are revealed through Sheikh Kamal’s treatment of friends?
Analysis: He is shown as affectionate, welcoming, attentive and considerate because he greeted friends warmly, asked about them and offered help.
Evidence: “he would seem to go out of his way to greet you before you could greet him.”
Device: “the life of any group” is a metaphor. It presents him as the energetic centre who made a group lively.
Conclusion: The description establishes his natural friendliness and lively leadership.
| Textual feature | Interpretation | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Perseverance | He believes success requires sustained effort. | “there is no shortcut to success.” |
| Cultural creativity | He combined music, stage performance and cultural organization. | “He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi — a cultural organization.” |
| Metaphor | The phrase presents Kamal as the source of a group’s energy. | “Kamal was the life of our group.” |
| Personification | An abstract social feeling is described as if it could seize people. | “election fever gripped the country.” |
Practice Question: Explain how one quotation proves Sheikh Kamal’s leadership.
Answer: His leadership is proved by his role in organizing young people and by his military responsibility during the Liberation War.
Evidence: “became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani.”
Evidence: “became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani.”
সূত্রাবলী
১. Speed = distancetime
২. Distance = speed × time
৩. Time = distancespeed
৪. কিলোমিটার/ঘণ্টা = মিটার/সেকেন্ড × ১৮৫
৫. Pole-crossing time = train lengthspeed
৬. Platform-crossing time = train length + platform lengthspeed
৭. Opposite-direction relative speed = first speed + second speed
৮. Same-direction relative speed = faster speed − slower speed
৯. Downstream speed = boat speed + stream speed
১০. Upstream speed = boat speed − stream speed
১১. Equal-distance average speed = ২ × first speed × second speedfirst speed + second speed
৪.৩ Type-১ : সারসংক্ষেপ ও ঘটনাক্রম
Sheikh Kamal is presented as a youthful achiever whose academic life developed alongside sports, music, stage performance, friendship and national service. He studied at BAF Shaheen School, Dhaka College and the Department of Sociology at Dhaka University. His varied interests are summed up in the description, “Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity.”
The lessons show that his achievements came from perseverance, commitment and active participation rather than privilege. He played basketball and cricket, organized sports, learned Sitar, loved Piano, performed on stage, helped establish Dhaka Theatre and Spondon Shilpi Gosthi, and founded Abahoni Krira Chokro. His character is also shown through simple living and sincere friendship: “He didn’t take any advantage of his father’s name and office.”
The second lesson adds a personal portrait of Kamal as warm, lively and considerate. He greeted friends before they could greet him, made them feel important and encouraged student activities. His public and private qualities together establish the central idea that youthful energy becomes meaningful when joined with creativity, leadership, friendship and service. The sorrowful ending is supported by the line, “That was the last time I would see Kamal, for two weeks later he was murdered.”
শর্টকাট পদ্ধতি
Central subject → repeated qualities and actions → theme → tone → brief textual evidence → literary device → effect. For a summary, select the main life areas and connect them in one logical account. For an event sequence, arrange only the events given in the passage from earlier to later.
Central subject → repeated qualities and actions → theme → tone → brief textual evidence → literary device → effect. For a summary, select the main life areas and connect them in one logical account. For an event sequence, arrange only the events given in the passage from earlier to later.
জেনে রাখুন
A strong summary does not list every minor detail. It combines related facts under larger ideas such as achievement, culture, leadership and friendship. A quotation must directly support the interpretation. In the phrase “Kamal was the life of our group,” the word “life” works as a metaphor because Kamal is presented as the source of the group’s energy and liveliness.
A strong summary does not list every minor detail. It combines related facts under larger ideas such as achievement, culture, leadership and friendship. A quotation must directly support the interpretation. In the phrase “Kamal was the life of our group,” the word “life” works as a metaphor because Kamal is presented as the source of the group’s energy and liveliness.
সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ
Question: How do the two lessons together present Sheikh Kamal as more than a successful sportsman?
Analysis: The first lesson links his sporting ability with music, theatre, cultural organization, perseverance and Liberation War service. The second lesson confirms these qualities through personal memories of his warmth, humour and concern for others.
Evidence: “He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer.”
Further evidence: “he would not only exchange pleasantries but would also ask about me caringly and in the friendliest of manner.”
Conclusion: The lessons present him as a complete achiever whose sportsmanship was strengthened by cultural creativity, leadership, friendship and service.
Question: How do the two lessons together present Sheikh Kamal as more than a successful sportsman?
Analysis: The first lesson links his sporting ability with music, theatre, cultural organization, perseverance and Liberation War service. The second lesson confirms these qualities through personal memories of his warmth, humour and concern for others.
Evidence: “He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer.”
Further evidence: “he would not only exchange pleasantries but would also ask about me caringly and in the friendliest of manner.”
Conclusion: The lessons present him as a complete achiever whose sportsmanship was strengthened by cultural creativity, leadership, friendship and service.
ঘটনাক্রম
| ক্রম | ঘটনা | গুরুত্ব |
|---|---|---|
| ১ | Sheikh Kamal was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district and spent his childhood there. | This establishes his family background and early connection with Tungipara. “He spent his childhood there.” |
| ২ | He completed secondary education at BAF Shaheen School, passed HSC from Dhaka College and studied Sociology at Dhaka University. | His academic path shows disciplined educational development. “he became a student at the department of Sociology of Dhaka University.” |
| ৩ | He developed his abilities in basketball, cricket, music and stage performance. | This marks the combination of physical skill and cultural creativity. “Apart from Sitar, Kamal had a passion for Piano.” |
| ৪ | He helped organize cultural and sporting activities, including Spondon Shilpi Gosthi and Abahoni Krira Chokro. | His achievement moved from personal talent to institution-building. “introduced modern football in our country.” |
| ৫ | During the Liberation War, he received military training at Camp Murtee and became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani. | This demonstrates leadership and direct national service. “became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani.” |
| ৬ | After independence, he chose country building and organizing young people. | His post-war goal connected personal ability with national development. “he preferred to engage himself in country building.” |
| ৭ | In 1975, his life was cut short after his marriage to Sultana Kamal. | The ending changes the tone from affectionate remembrance to sorrow. “his life was cut short by a group of cowardly killers.” |
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন ও সমাধান
Question: Why is the sequence from university life to country building important in understanding Sheikh Kamal?
Answer: The sequence shows a gradual expansion of responsibility. At university he developed friendship, sports and cultural interests; during the Liberation War he accepted military responsibility; after independence he applied his energy to national development. The passage directly states, “After independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but he preferred to engage himself in country building.” Therefore, the chronology presents achievement as a movement from personal growth to public service.
Question: Why is the sequence from university life to country building important in understanding Sheikh Kamal?
Answer: The sequence shows a gradual expansion of responsibility. At university he developed friendship, sports and cultural interests; during the Liberation War he accepted military responsibility; after independence he applied his energy to national development. The passage directly states, “After independence, Sheikh Kamal could easily remain in Bangladesh Army and pass a secure life but he preferred to engage himself in country building.” Therefore, the chronology presents achievement as a movement from personal growth to public service.
৪.৪ Type-১ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
Ex. একটি গাড়ি ১২০ কি.মি. পথ ২ ঘণ্টায় অতিক্রম করে। গাড়িটির গতিবেগ নির্ণয় করো।
Sol:
গতিবেগ = দূরত্বসময়
= ১২০২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
= ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. গাড়িটির গতিবেগ = ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. ১০ মি./সে. বেগকে কি.মি./ঘণ্টায় প্রকাশ করো।
Sol:
রূপান্তরিত বেগ = ১০ × ১৮৫
= ১০ × ৩.৬
= ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. ১০ মি./সে. = ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. ১০০ মিটার দীর্ঘ একটি ট্রেন ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা বেগে একটি খুঁটি অতিক্রম করে। খুঁটিটি অতিক্রম করতে ট্রেনটির কত সময় লাগবে?
Sol:
গতিবেগ = ৩৬ × ৫১৮ = ১০ মি./সে.
সময় = ট্রেনের দৈর্ঘ্যগতিবেগ
= ১০০১০ সেকেন্ড
= ১০ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. খুঁটি অতিক্রমে সময় = ১০ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. ১০০ মিটার দীর্ঘ একটি ট্রেন ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা বেগে ১০০ মিটার দীর্ঘ একটি প্ল্যাটফর্ম অতিক্রম করে। কত সময় লাগবে?
Sol:
গতিবেগ = ৩৬ × ৫১৮ = ১০ মি./সে.
অতিক্রম্য দূরত্ব = ১০০ + ১০০ = ২০০ মিটার
সময় = ২০০১০ সেকেন্ড
= ২০ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. প্ল্যাটফর্ম অতিক্রমে সময় = ২০ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. ১১২ মিটার ও ১১৩ মিটার দীর্ঘ দুটি ট্রেনের গতিবেগ যথাক্রমে ৭২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা ও ১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা। তারা বিপরীত দিকে চললে এবং একই দিকে চললে একে অপরকে অতিক্রম করতে যথাক্রমে কত সময় নেবে?
Sol:
প্রথম ট্রেনের বেগ = ৭২ × ৫১৮ = ২০ মি./সে.
দ্বিতীয় ট্রেনের বেগ = ১৮ × ৫১৮ = ৫ মি./সে.
মোট দৈর্ঘ্য = ১১২ + ১১৩ = ২২৫ মিটার
বিপরীত দিকে আপেক্ষিক বেগ = ২০ + ৫ = ২৫ মি./সে.
সময় = ২২৫২৫ = ৯ সেকেন্ড
একই দিকে আপেক্ষিক বেগ = ২০ − ৫ = ১৫ মি./সে.
সময় = ২২৫১৫ = ১৫ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. বিপরীত দিকে সময় = ৯ সেকেন্ড; একই দিকে সময় = ১৫ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. স্থির জলে একটি নৌকার বেগ ১৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা এবং স্রোতের বেগ ৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা। ২০০ কি.মি. পথ অনুকূলে ও প্রতিকূলে যেতে কত সময় লাগবে?
Sol:
অনুকূলে বেগ = ১৫ + ৫ = ২০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
অনুকূলে সময় = ২০০২০ = ১০ ঘণ্টা
প্রতিকূলে বেগ = ১৫ − ৫ = ১০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
প্রতিকূলে সময় = ২০০১০ = ২০ ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. অনুকূলে সময় = ১০ ঘণ্টা; প্রতিকূলে সময় = ২০ ঘণ্টা।
৪.৫ Type-২ : চরিত্র বিশ্লেষণ
Character analysis should be based on actions, behaviour and the writer’s description. In these lessons, Sheikh Kamal is the central character, while Dr Fakrul Alam, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Sultana Kamal help develop the account of his personal warmth, leadership and public service.
| Character | Quality or role | Textual evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Sheikh Kamal | Lively, creative and committed achiever | “Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity.” |
| Sheikh Kamal | Friendly and considerate | “he greeted me with the friendliest of smiles and a warm handshake.” |
| Sheikh Kamal | Leader and organiser | “became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani.” |
| Dr Fakrul Alam | Affectionate observer and friend | “he had the gift of friendship and I was one of his friends.” |
| Sultana Kamal | Outstanding athlete and close companion | “an outstanding athlete and a very attractive person in every way.” |
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
১. Identify the central character.
২. Notice repeated actions, qualities and emotional details.
৩. Infer the character trait from those actions.
৪. Support every claim with a short quotation.
৫. Identify the tone: affectionate, admiring, lively or sorrowful.
৬. Identify a literary device when an expression is imaginative rather than literal.
৭. Explain how the evidence creates the overall impression.
১. Identify the central character.
২. Notice repeated actions, qualities and emotional details.
৩. Infer the character trait from those actions.
৪. Support every claim with a short quotation.
৫. Identify the tone: affectionate, admiring, lively or sorrowful.
৬. Identify a literary device when an expression is imaginative rather than literal.
৭. Explain how the evidence creates the overall impression.
Model analysis: Sheikh Kamal is presented as a naturally friendly, energetic and responsible young man. His warm greeting made the narrator feel accepted immediately: “He made me feel instantly that I would be his friend!” His liveliness appears in his spontaneous singing, joking, laughter and enthusiastic participation in cricket. At the same time, his leadership is not limited to social occasions; he received military training, became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani and later chose country building. Thus, the character combines personal charm with perseverance, leadership and service.
Practice question: How does the second lesson establish Sheikh Kamal as a considerate friend?
Answer: The lesson shows that he remembered his friends, greeted them before they could greet him and asked about them with care. Even when he was the son of the Prime Minister, he made time for a friend and offered him a lift to TSC. The evidence is: “he insisted that he dropped me off at TSC.” This detail proves that his public position did not weaken his personal warmth or consideration.
- Use actions, not unsupported adjectives, to explain a character.
- A quotation should directly support the trait being discussed.
- The phrase “Kamal was the life of our group” is a metaphor showing that his presence gave energy to the group.
৪.৬ Type-২ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
Type-১ : Academic and Creative Character
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Central character → repeated activities → inferred quality → exact textual evidence → overall impression
Central character → repeated activities → inferred quality → exact textual evidence → overall impression
জেনে রাখুন:
A character should be judged through actions and interests mentioned in the passage. Do not call a person creative without showing the activities that prove it.
Solved Example
Question: How do Sheikh Kamal’s activities show that he was a creative young man?
Analysis: Sheikh Kamal’s creativity is revealed through his involvement in music, stage performance and cultural organisations. He learned Sitar under Ustad Ful Mohammad, had a passion for Piano, acted in Kabar, and helped establish Dhaka Theatre and Spondon Shilpi Gosthi. These varied activities show that his life was not limited to academic study or sports.
Evidence: “Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity.”
Conclusion: His wide participation in music, drama and cultural work proves his creative and energetic character.
Practice Question
How did Sheikh Kamal’s interest in sports contribute to his public role?
Answer: His interest in sports developed both his personal ability and his organising skill. He played first-division basketball and cricket and later founded Abahoni Krira Chokro. Through that organisation, he helped introduce modern football in the country.
Evidence: “He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer.”
Conclusion: His sporting passion became a form of leadership and service to national sports.
Type-২ : Humility and Moral Strength
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Social position → actual behaviour → contrast between privilege and conduct → supporting quotation → character judgement
Social position → actual behaviour → contrast between privilege and conduct → supporting quotation → character judgement
জেনে রাখুন:
A strong character analysis notices the contrast between what a person could have done and what he actually did. Social status alone does not prove humility; conduct does.
Solved Example
Question: What does Sheikh Kamal’s simple lifestyle reveal about his moral character?
Analysis: Sheikh Kamal was the son of a Prime Minister and later the son of a President. Yet he lived simply and did not use his father’s name or office for personal advantage. This contrast shows that he was humble, self-respecting and morally disciplined.
Evidence: “He didn’t take any advantage of his father’s name and office.”
Conclusion: His conduct proves that public status did not change his simple and principled way of life.
Practice Question
Why can Sheikh Kamal be described as a committed achiever?
Answer: Sheikh Kamal did not depend on privilege or an easy path. He prepared himself through continuous effort and dedication, while taking part in study, sports, culture and national work. His belief in sustained effort explains the success he earned.
Evidence: “He groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment.”
Conclusion: His achievement was the result of perseverance and commitment rather than inherited position.
Type-৩ : Leadership and National Service
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Responsibility or initiative → action in a wider cause → quotation → effect of the action → final character trait
Responsibility or initiative → action in a wider cause → quotation → effect of the action → final character trait
জেনে রাখুন:
Leadership is established by responsibility, initiative and service. Use evidence from both the Liberation War and the period after independence when the passage provides it.
Solved Example
Question: How did Sheikh Kamal demonstrate leadership during the Liberation War?
Analysis: When the Pakistan military began genocide in Bangladesh, Sheikh Kamal joined the Liberation War and received military training at Camp Murtee. His leadership ability and dignified conduct helped him take an important military responsibility as the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani, the Commander in Chief of Bangladesh Armed Forces.
Evidence: “became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani.”
Conclusion: His training, responsibility and service during the war establish him as a disciplined young leader.
Practice Question
What choice after independence reflects Sheikh Kamal’s sense of responsibility?
Answer: After independence, Sheikh Kamal could have remained in the Bangladesh Army and lived a secure life. Instead, he chose country building and the organisation of young people. This decision shows that he placed national service above personal security.
Evidence: “he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.”
Conclusion: His choice reflects responsible leadership and wholehearted commitment to the country.
Type-৪ : Friendship and Consideration
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Repeated personal behaviour → emotional effect on others → exact quotation → character quality → final assessment
Repeated personal behaviour → emotional effect on others → exact quotation → character quality → final assessment
জেনে রাখুন:
Friendliness should be proved by specific behaviour such as greeting, listening, helping or giving time to others. The narrator’s response is also important because it shows the effect of Kamal’s conduct.
Solved Example
Question: How did Sheikh Kamal make people feel valued in his company?
Analysis: Sheikh Kamal greeted people warmly, often before they could greet him. Although he naturally became the centre of a group, he did not make others feel unimportant. His manner of speaking made each person feel that their company mattered to him.
Evidence: “he made you feel that you were important, and worth his company.”
Conclusion: His warmth and attention reveal a naturally friendly, respectful and considerate character.
Practice Question
Which action most clearly proves that Sheikh Kamal remained considerate despite his public position?
Answer: When he met his university friend near the Arts Building, he asked where the friend was going and offered him a lift to TSC. He still made time for the friend even though he was the son of the Prime Minister and had a class to attend.
Evidence: “he insisted that he dropped me off at TSC.”
Conclusion: This small personal action proves that his public position did not weaken his care for friends.
৪.৭ Type-৩ : মূলভাব ও বার্তা (Theme)
Type-১ : Comparative Theme Identification
Both lessons develop the idea that true achievement is not limited to personal success. Sheikh Kamal’s life joins creativity, organization, friendship and service. The second lesson adds a human dimension by showing how his warmth influenced the people around him. Thus, the broader theme is a balanced and purposeful youth devoted to both personal excellence and the welfare of others.
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Repeated qualities or actions → central value → main message → supporting quotation
To identify the tone, examine the writer’s emotional details. To identify a literary device, check whether an expression creates an imaginative comparison or gives a non-human idea a human action.
Repeated qualities or actions → central value → main message → supporting quotation
To identify the tone, examine the writer’s emotional details. To identify a literary device, check whether an expression creates an imaginative comparison or gives a non-human idea a human action.
জেনে রাখুন: A strong theme answer should cover the whole passage rather than describe one event. First connect Kamal’s interests and conduct; then explain the message they create. For the sub-theme of human respect, the narrator’s statement is important: "he made me feel that I was important, and worth his company." This evidence shows that Kamal’s public importance did not prevent him from valuing individual friends. The affectionate tone is also supported by the description of his "trademark smile, warm and welcoming."
Solved Example Question: What message about a young achiever is developed by the contrast between Kamal’s many activities and his treatment of friends?
Analysis: The lessons present achievement as a combination of ability and character. Kamal was active in sports, music and organization, while his personal behaviour made others feel respected. The phrase "he would become the life of any group" metaphorically presents him as a source of energy and unity. Conclusion: The message is that a successful young person becomes truly admirable when talent, lively leadership and consideration for others work together.
Evidence: "He was also known to be a tireless organizer" and "he made me feel that I was important, and worth his company."
Practice Question: How does the theme of purposeful youth appear in the account of Kamal’s life after the Liberation War?
Solution: The account shows that Kamal did not choose only personal safety after the war. He used his energy for a wider national purpose and worked with young people. Therefore, the sub-theme is that youthful ability gains greater value when it is directed toward the country’s development. Evidence: "he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end."
৪.৮ Type-৩ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
Type-১: Theme Identification
Analysis Framework
Repeated qualities or actions → central value → main message → supporting quotation
Repeated qualities or actions → central value → main message → supporting quotation
Remember: A theme expresses the broad message of the whole passage. Connect Sheikh Kamal’s abilities, conduct and service instead of describing only one incident.
Solved Example: What does the first lesson suggest about the source of Sheikh Kamal’s achievements?
Analysis: The lesson connects his success with academic study, sports, cultural creativity, perseverance and commitment. His varied activities were not separate from his character; they formed a purposeful life.
Evidence: “He groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment.”
Conclusion: The lesson suggests that achievement grows through sustained effort, discipline and the active use of one’s abilities.
Analysis: The lesson connects his success with academic study, sports, cultural creativity, perseverance and commitment. His varied activities were not separate from his character; they formed a purposeful life.
Evidence: “He groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment.”
Conclusion: The lesson suggests that achievement grows through sustained effort, discipline and the active use of one’s abilities.
Practice Question: How does Sheikh Kamal’s decision after independence strengthen the main theme?
Answer: His decision shows that achievement was linked with national responsibility. Instead of choosing only a secure career, he worked for country building and organized young people.
Evidence: “he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.”
Conclusion: The theme is that youthful talent becomes meaningful when it serves the country.
Answer: His decision shows that achievement was linked with national responsibility. Instead of choosing only a secure career, he worked for country building and organized young people.
Evidence: “he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.”
Conclusion: The theme is that youthful talent becomes meaningful when it serves the country.
Type-২: Tone Identification
Analysis Framework
Writer’s word choice + emotional details + attitude toward the subject → tone
Writer’s word choice + emotional details + attitude toward the subject → tone
Remember: Smiles, greetings, jokes and caring questions create warmth and admiration. The memory of murder changes the emotional colour at the end.
Solved Example: What tone is created by the description of Kamal’s behaviour in a group?
Analysis: The narrator recalls that Kamal greeted people warmly and naturally became the centre of a group. The details show affection, respect and personal admiration.
Evidence: “He had a trademark smile, warm and welcoming.”
Conclusion: The tone is affectionate, friendly and admiring.
Analysis: The narrator recalls that Kamal greeted people warmly and naturally became the centre of a group. The details show affection, respect and personal admiration.
Evidence: “He had a trademark smile, warm and welcoming.”
Conclusion: The tone is affectionate, friendly and admiring.
Practice Question: What emotional effect is created by the final memory of Sheikh Kamal?
Answer: The final memory turns the earlier warmth into sorrow. The narrator recalls that the friendly young man would no longer greet his batch mates.
Evidence: “Affectionate, lively and always smiling Kamal would no more greet us.”
Conclusion: The ending creates a deeply sorrowful tone after the affectionate recollections.
Answer: The final memory turns the earlier warmth into sorrow. The narrator recalls that the friendly young man would no longer greet his batch mates.
Evidence: “Affectionate, lively and always smiling Kamal would no more greet us.”
Conclusion: The ending creates a deeply sorrowful tone after the affectionate recollections.
Type-৩: Character Analysis
Analysis Framework
Action or description → character trait → exact quotation → effect on the reader
Action or description → character trait → exact quotation → effect on the reader
Remember: Infer a trait from what the character does. A public position does not by itself prove humility; the character’s conduct must provide the evidence.
Solved Example: What does Kamal’s treatment of his university friend reveal about him?
Analysis: Although Kamal was the son of the Prime Minister, he noticed his friend, asked about his destination and offered him a lift. This action reveals consideration and humility.
Evidence: “he still had time to spare for a friend!”
Conclusion: Kamal is presented as caring, humble and attentive to individuals.
Analysis: Although Kamal was the son of the Prime Minister, he noticed his friend, asked about his destination and offered him a lift. This action reveals consideration and humility.
Evidence: “he still had time to spare for a friend!”
Conclusion: Kamal is presented as caring, humble and attentive to individuals.
Practice Question: How does Kamal’s initiative for the top-performing students reveal his leadership?
Answer: He arranged a meeting with the Vice-Chancellor so that successful students could share ideas about improving university facilities. This shows organized and constructive leadership.
Evidence: “The meeting was organized at Kamal’s initiative.”
Conclusion: His leadership was directed toward collective academic improvement, not merely personal recognition.
Answer: He arranged a meeting with the Vice-Chancellor so that successful students could share ideas about improving university facilities. This shows organized and constructive leadership.
Evidence: “The meeting was organized at Kamal’s initiative.”
Conclusion: His leadership was directed toward collective academic improvement, not merely personal recognition.
Type-৪: Literary Device Analysis
Analysis Framework
Imaginative expression → device name → literal idea → effect on the description
Imaginative expression → device name → literal idea → effect on the description
Remember: Name a device only when the wording creates an imaginative comparison or gives a non-human idea a human action.
Solved Example: Explain the expression “Kamal was the life of our group.”
Analysis: A person cannot literally be the life of a group. The expression compares Kamal with the energy that makes a group active and cheerful.
Evidence: “Kamal was the life of our group.”
Device: Metaphor.
Effect: It makes his liveliness, humour and power of bringing people together vivid to the reader.
Analysis: A person cannot literally be the life of a group. The expression compares Kamal with the energy that makes a group active and cheerful.
Evidence: “Kamal was the life of our group.”
Device: Metaphor.
Effect: It makes his liveliness, humour and power of bringing people together vivid to the reader.
Practice Question: How does “election fever gripped the country” enrich the description?
Answer: Election fever is presented as if it could physically seize the country. The expression shows the intense excitement and widespread involvement surrounding the elections.
Evidence: “election fever gripped the country.”
Device: Personification.
Effect: It gives the political excitement a strong and active image.
Answer: Election fever is presented as if it could physically seize the country. The expression shows the intense excitement and widespread involvement surrounding the elections.
Evidence: “election fever gripped the country.”
Device: Personification.
Effect: It gives the political excitement a strong and active image.
Worked Example Series
Ex. A vehicle covers ৩০০ কি.মি. in ৫ ঘণ্টা. Find its speed.
Sol: Speed = ৩০০৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Speed = ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Speed = ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Ex. Convert ১৫ মি./সে. into কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Sol: ১ মি./সে. = ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
১৫ মি./সে. = ১৫ × ১৮৫
= ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
১৫ মি./সে. = ১৫ × ১৮৫
= ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Ans. ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Ex. A train is ২৪০ মিটার long and moves at ১০৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time needed to cross a pole.
Sol: ১০৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ১০৮ × ৫১৮ = ৩০ মি./সে.
Time = Train lengthSpeed
= ২৪০৩০ = ৮ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ৮ সেকেন্ড.
Time = Train lengthSpeed
= ২৪০৩০ = ৮ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ৮ সেকেন্ড.
Ex. Two trains, each ২১০ মিটার long, move in opposite directions at ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time required to cross each other.
Sol: ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ২৫ মি./সে.
৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ১০ মি./সে.
Opposite-direction relative speed = ২৫ + ১০ = ৩৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ২১০ + ২১০ = ৪২০ মিটার
Time = ৪২০৩৫ = ১২ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১২ সেকেন্ড.
৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ১০ মি./সে.
Opposite-direction relative speed = ২৫ + ১০ = ৩৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ২১০ + ২১০ = ৪২০ মিটার
Time = ৪২০৩৫ = ১২ সেকেন্ড
Ans. ১২ সেকেন্ড.
৪.৯ Type-৪ : ভাষা, অলংকার ও সুর
Type-১ : Literary Device and Tone Analysis
Analysis Framework
Central idea and repeated qualities → writer’s attitude → imaginative expression → device name → textual evidence → effect on the reader
Central idea and repeated qualities → writer’s attitude → imaginative expression → device name → textual evidence → effect on the reader
The lessons use expressive language to present Sheikh Kamal as lively, friendly and energetic. The phrase Kamal was the life of our group.
is a metaphor because Kamal is not literally the life of a group. It compares him with the energy that makes a group active and cheerful. The expression makes his humour, liveliness and ability to unite friends vivid to the reader. The description he greeted me with the friendliest of smiles and a warm handshake.
also creates warm emotional imagery and establishes an affectionate relationship between the writer and Kamal.
| Device or feature | Example | Effect on the description |
|---|---|---|
| Metaphor | Kamal was the life of our group. | It presents Kamal as the source of energy, joy and togetherness. |
| Personification | election fever gripped the country. | It gives public excitement an active human action and shows its widespread intensity. |
| Emotional imagery | he greeted me with the friendliest of smiles and a warm handshake. | It helps the reader feel Kamal’s warmth, openness and friendliness. |
Worked Example: What change of tone appears near the end of the second lesson?
Analysis: The earlier memories are warm and admiring because the writer recalls Kamal’s smile, jokes, music and care for friends. Near the conclusion, the mood becomes sorrowful when the writer remembers his violent death. The evidence is That was the last time I would see Kamal, for two weeks later he was murdered.
Thus, the tone changes from affectionate remembrance to grief and shock.
Practice Question: How does the expression election fever gripped the country.
strengthen the writer’s description?
Answer: The expression uses personification by presenting election fever as if it could physically seize the country. It conveys the intense excitement and broad public involvement surrounding the elections. Therefore, the political atmosphere becomes more vivid and forceful to the reader.
৪.১০ Type-৪ অনুশীলন ও উত্তর
Type-১ : Theme Identification
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Central subject → repeated qualities and actions → broad theme → supporting quotation
Central subject → repeated qualities and actions → broad theme → supporting quotation
জেনে রাখুন: A theme expresses the broad message of a passage. It should be based on repeated ideas, not on one isolated event.
সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: What broad idea is developed through Sheikh Kamal’s academic, cultural and national activities?
Analysis: The passage repeatedly presents study, sports, culture, leadership and country building as parts of one active life. The quotation
Conclusion: The theme is that youthful creativity, perseverance and commitment can lead to achievement and service to the country.
Analysis: The passage repeatedly presents study, sports, culture, leadership and country building as parts of one active life. The quotation
Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity.gathers these qualities into a single description.
Conclusion: The theme is that youthful creativity, perseverance and commitment can lead to achievement and service to the country.
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: How does the passage connect Sheikh Kamal’s personal discipline with his public contribution?
উত্তর: The passage connects them by showing that he rejected an easy path and developed himself through sustained effort before serving the country. Evidence:
He groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment.His discipline therefore becomes the foundation of his contribution to sports, culture and country building.
Type-২ : Tone Identification
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Word choice + emotional details + writer’s attitude → tone → textual evidence
Word choice + emotional details + writer’s attitude → tone → textual evidence
জেনে রাখুন: Friendly memories and admiring descriptions create a warm tone; the final memory of murder introduces grief and shock.
সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: What tone is created by the account of Kamal’s visit to Savar?
Analysis: The writer recalls chatting, joking and singing during the journey. These lively details show affection and admiration rather than formality. Evidence:
Conclusion: The tone is affectionate, lively and admiring.
Analysis: The writer recalls chatting, joking and singing during the journey. These lively details show affection and admiration rather than formality. Evidence:
Once again, he regaled us on the way and back with his lively presence, chatting, joking and singing.
Conclusion: The tone is affectionate, lively and admiring.
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: Why does the tone become sorrowful in the final paragraph?
উত্তর: The tone changes because the writer moves from joyful memories to the painful fact that Kamal and many family members were murdered. Evidence:
Affectionate, lively and always smiling Kamal would no more greet us. The contrast creates grief and a sense of irreversible loss.
Type-৩ : Metaphor Analysis
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Imaginative expression → literal impossibility → device name → quality suggested → effect
Imaginative expression → literal impossibility → device name → quality suggested → effect
জেনে রাখুন: A metaphor directly presents one person or thing as another in order to express a shared quality. The comparison is imaginative, not literal.
সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: Explain the metaphor in
Analysis: Kamal was not literally the biological life of the group. The phrase compares him with the energy that made the group cheerful and active. The surrounding evidence includes his spontaneous singing, jokes, laughter and spirited cricket.
Effect: The metaphor makes his liveliness and power to unite friends vivid to the reader.
Kamal was the life of our group.
Analysis: Kamal was not literally the biological life of the group. The phrase compares him with the energy that made the group cheerful and active. The surrounding evidence includes his spontaneous singing, jokes, laughter and spirited cricket.
Effect: The metaphor makes his liveliness and power to unite friends vivid to the reader.
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: How does the phrase
he had the gift of friendshipstrengthen the description of Kamal?
উত্তর: The phrase presents friendship as a special natural ability that Kamal possessed. It is supported by the evidence that
he would seem to go out of his way to greet you before you could greet him.Thus, the expression emphasizes his instinctive warmth and makes his welcoming character memorable.
Type-৪ : Personification Analysis
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Abstract idea or object + human action → personification → implied meaning → effect
Abstract idea or object + human action → personification → implied meaning → effect
জেনে রাখুন: Personification gives a human action to an abstract idea or non-human thing. The explanation must remain connected to the exact wording of the passage.
সমাধানকৃত উদাহরণ: Explain the personification in
Analysis: Election fever is an abstract feeling, but the verb “gripped” gives it the human or physical action of seizing something. The expression refers to the widespread excitement created by the promised elections.
Effect: It makes the intensity and broad reach of public excitement more vivid.
election fever gripped the country.
Analysis: Election fever is an abstract feeling, but the verb “gripped” gives it the human or physical action of seizing something. The expression refers to the widespread excitement created by the promised elections.
Effect: It makes the intensity and broad reach of public excitement more vivid.
অনুশীলন প্রশ্ন: What is the effect of the expression
with golden voicein the description of Bangabandhu’s speech?
উত্তর: The expression uses imaginative imagery rather than literal description. It presents Bangabandhu’s voice as precious and valuable, emphasizing its beauty and persuasive power. This interpretation is supported by the words
eloquence, gift for rhetoric and making complex things clear with vivid images and passionate arguments. The imagery makes the speech impressive to the listeners and the reader.
Worked Example Series
Ex. A vehicle covers ১৬০ কি.মি. in ৪ ঘণ্টা. Find its speed.
Sol:
Speed = DistanceTime
Speed = ১৬০৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Speed = ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Speed = DistanceTime
Speed = ১৬০৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Speed = ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. ৪০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. Convert ১৫ মি./সে. into কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Sol:
প্রচলিত পদ্ধতিতে: ১ মি./সে. = ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
১৫ মি./সে. = ১৫ × ১৮৫
১৫ মি./সে. = ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে এক ধাপেই: ১৫ × ১৮ ÷ ৫ = ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে একটি ধাপ কম লাগে।
∴ Ans. ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
প্রচলিত পদ্ধতিতে: ১ মি./সে. = ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
১৫ মি./সে. = ১৫ × ১৮৫
১৫ মি./সে. = ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে এক ধাপেই: ১৫ × ১৮ ÷ ৫ = ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে একটি ধাপ কম লাগে।
∴ Ans. ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. A train is ২২৫ মিটার long and moves at ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time needed to cross a platform ২৭০ মিটার long.
Sol:
৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫৪ × ৫১৮ = ১৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ২২৫ + ২৭০ = ৪৯৫ মিটার
Time = ৪৯৫১৫ সেকেন্ড
Time = ৩৩ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৩৩ সেকেন্ড।
৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫৪ × ৫১৮ = ১৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ২২৫ + ২৭০ = ৪৯৫ মিটার
Time = ৪৯৫১৫ সেকেন্ড
Time = ৩৩ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৩৩ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. Two trains, ১১২ মিটার and ১১৩ মিটার long, move in opposite directions at ৭২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and ১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time required to cross each other.
Sol:
৭২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৭২ × ৫১৮ = ২০ মি./সে.
১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ১৮ × ৫১৮ = ৫ মি./সে.
আপেক্ষিক বেগ = ২০ + ৫ = ২৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ১১২ + ১১৩ = ২২৫ মিটার
Time = ২২৫২৫ = ৯ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৯ সেকেন্ড।
৭২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৭২ × ৫১৮ = ২০ মি./সে.
১৮ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ১৮ × ৫১৮ = ৫ মি./সে.
আপেক্ষিক বেগ = ২০ + ৫ = ২৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ১১২ + ১১৩ = ২২৫ মিটার
Time = ২২৫২৫ = ৯ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৯ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. A boat’s speed in still water is ১২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and the stream’s speed is ৩ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the times needed to travel ২৭০ কি.মি. downstream and upstream.
Sol:
Downstream speed = ১২ + ৩ = ১৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Upstream speed = ১২ − ৩ = ৯ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Downstream time = ২৭০১৫ = ১৮ ঘণ্টা
Upstream time = ২৭০৯ = ৩০ ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. অনুকূলে ১৮ ঘণ্টা এবং প্রতিকূলে ৩০ ঘণ্টা।
Downstream speed = ১২ + ৩ = ১৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Upstream speed = ১২ − ৩ = ৯ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Downstream time = ২৭০১৫ = ১৮ ঘণ্টা
Upstream time = ২৭০৯ = ৩০ ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. অনুকূলে ১৮ ঘণ্টা এবং প্রতিকূলে ৩০ ঘণ্টা।
✦ পাঠ সম্পর্কিত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়াদি
▪শেখ কামালের কোনো চরিত্রগুণ লিখলে তার সমর্থনে পাঠ্যাংশের নির্দিষ্ট ঘটনা বা সংক্ষিপ্ত উদ্ধৃতি দিতে হবে।
▪শুধু শেখ কামালের জীবনের ঘটনাগুলো ধারাবাহিকভাবে বলা উত্তর নয়; ঘটনাগুলো থেকে চরিত্রগুণ ও মূল বক্তব্য নির্ণয় করতে হবে।
▪ক্রীড়া, সংগীত, মঞ্চাভিনয় ও সাংস্কৃতিক সংগঠনে তাঁর অংশগ্রহণকে সৃজনশীলতা ও প্রাণবন্ততার প্রমাণ হিসেবে ব্যাখ্যা করা যায়।
▪পিতার উচ্চ পদ উল্লেখ করলেই বিশেষ সুবিধা নেওয়ার দাবি করা যাবে না, কারণ পাঠ্যাংশে তাঁর সরল জীবন ও পদমর্যাদার অপব্যবহার না করার কথা বলা হয়েছে।
▪অধ্যবসায় ও অঙ্গীকারের প্রসঙ্গকে সাফল্যের পথে কোনো সংক্ষিপ্ত রাস্তা নেই—এই মূল ধারণার সঙ্গে যুক্ত করতে হবে।
▪মুক্তিযুদ্ধে তাঁর ভূমিকা ব্যাখ্যা করার সময় সামরিক প্রশিক্ষণ এবং জেনারেল আতাউল গনি ওসমানীর এডিসি হওয়ার তথ্য বাদ দেওয়া যাবে না।
▪দেশগঠন ও তরুণদের সংগঠিত করার সিদ্ধান্ত তাঁর নেতৃত্ব, দায়িত্ববোধ ও জাতীয় সেবার পরিচয় বহন করে।
▪বন্ধুর স্মৃতিচারণে হাসি, উষ্ণ অভ্যর্থনা, রসিকতা ও সহায়তার বিবরণ থাকলে সুরকে স্নেহপূর্ণ, বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ ও প্রশংসামূলক বলা যায়।
▪শেখ কামালকে কোনো দলের প্রাণকেন্দ্র হিসেবে উপস্থাপন করা হলে তা তাঁর স্বাভাবিক প্রাণচাঞ্চল্য ও নেতৃত্বের রূপক প্রকাশ হিসেবে বুঝতে হবে।
▪নির্বাচনী উত্তেজনাকে মানুষের মতো দেশকে আঁকড়ে ধরতে দেখানো হলে সেটি জড় বা বিমূর্ত বিষয়ের মানবীয় কাজ আরোপের উদাহরণ।
▪শেষাংশে হত্যাকাণ্ড ও আপনজন হারানোর প্রসঙ্গ আসায় আগের উষ্ণ স্মৃতিচারণের সঙ্গে একটি শোকাতুর সুর যুক্ত হয়।
▪পাঠ্যাংশে নেই এমন উদ্ধৃতি, ঘটনা বা ব্যক্তিগত মতামত যোগ করলে উত্তর প্রমাণভিত্তিক থাকে না।
৪.১২ অতিরিক্ত অনুশীলন
These are additional practice questions with model answers; they are not previous-year questions.
Type-১ : Theme Identification
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Repeated qualities or actions → central value → main message → supporting quotation.
Repeated qualities or actions → central value → main message → supporting quotation.
Remember:
A theme expresses the broad idea developed throughout the passage. It should not be reduced to one isolated event.
Solved Example: What central idea is developed through Sheikh Kamal’s involvement in sports, music and cultural organizations?
Analysis: The passage links his varied activities with liveliness, creativity and purposeful achievement. His work in sports and culture was not occasional; it formed an important part of his identity.
Evidence: “Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity.”
Conclusion: The central idea is that creative energy and active participation can shape a remarkable and socially useful life.
Practice Question: How does the first lesson present achievement as a result of effort?
Answer: The lesson presents achievement as the outcome of steady effort and firm dedication. Sheikh Kamal deliberately developed himself through study, sports, culture and national service.
Evidence: “He groomed himself up as a young man who earned success by dint of perseverance and commitment.”
Type-২ : Tone Identification
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Word choice + emotional details + writer’s attitude → tone → supporting quotation.
Word choice + emotional details + writer’s attitude → tone → supporting quotation.
Remember:
Smiles, warm greetings and personal memories create an affectionate and admiring tone. A tragic ending may add sorrow.
Solved Example: What tone is created by the narrator’s description of Kamal’s behaviour toward friends?
Analysis: The narrator emphasizes Kamal’s welcoming smile, attention and friendly conduct. These details reveal warmth and genuine admiration.
Evidence: “he made you feel that you were important, and worth his company.”
Conclusion: The tone is affectionate, friendly and admiring.
Practice Question: Why does the final part of the second lesson create a sorrowful tone?
Answer: The warm recollections suddenly end with the news of Kamal’s murder. The contrast between his lively presence and his permanent absence produces grief.
Evidence: “Affectionate, lively and always smiling Kamal would no more greet us.”
Type-৩ : Character and Evidence Analysis
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Action or description → character trait → exact quotation → effect on the reader.
Action or description → character trait → exact quotation → effect on the reader.
Remember:
A character trait must be inferred from an action or description in the text. Every claim needs brief textual evidence.
Solved Example: What does Sheikh Kamal’s choice after independence reveal about his character?
Analysis: He could have chosen a secure career in the army, but he selected country building and the organization of young people. This shows leadership, responsibility and patriotic service.
Evidence: “he preferred to engage himself in country building and organizing the young forces to that end.”
Conclusion: His choice reveals a strong sense of duty and a commitment to national development.
Practice Question: What qualities are shown by Kamal’s effort to help students meet the Vice-Chancellor?
Answer: The initiative shows that he was thoughtful, organized and concerned with improving academic facilities for future students.
Evidence: “The meeting was organized at Kamal’s initiative.”
Type-৪ : Literary Device Analysis
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Imaginative expression → device name → literal meaning → effect on the description.
Imaginative expression → device name → literal meaning → effect on the description.
Remember:
Identify a literary device only when an expression creates an imaginative comparison or gives a non-human thing a human action.
Solved Example: Explain the expression “Kamal was the life of our group.”
Analysis: The expression does not mean that Kamal was literally the biological life of the group. It presents him as the source of energy, amusement and togetherness.
Device: The expression is a metaphor.
Evidence: “Kamal was the life of our group.”
Effect: The metaphor makes his lively leadership vivid and helps the reader imagine how strongly he influenced his friends.
Practice Question: What literary device appears in “election fever gripped the country”?
Answer: The expression contains personification because an abstract condition is shown as if it could physically seize a country.
Evidence: “election fever gripped the country.”
Effect: It emphasizes the intensity and widespread impact of the election excitement.
Type-৫ : Textual Comparison and Synthesis
বিশ্লেষণের কাঠামো
Common detail in both texts → shared quality → contrast in presentation → combined conclusion → evidence.
Common detail in both texts → shared quality → contrast in presentation → combined conclusion → evidence.
Remember:
Compare the two lessons through their evidence. The first focuses on his achievements and public contributions; the second presents personal memories of his warmth and friendship.
Solved Example: How do the two lessons jointly present Sheikh Kamal as an exceptional young person?
Analysis: The first lesson shows his accomplishments in education, sports, culture, liberation war and country building. The second lesson adds the personal qualities that made him memorable: warmth, humour, care and natural friendship.
Evidence: “He was also known to be a tireless organizer” and “Friendliness came naturally to Sheikh Kamal.”
Conclusion: Together, the lessons present him as both an energetic achiever and a humane, approachable friend.
Practice Question: How do public responsibility and personal friendliness complement each other in the portrait of Sheikh Kamal?
Answer: His public responsibilities show leadership and service, while his treatment of friends shows humility and emotional warmth. These qualities complement one another by presenting achievement as both socially useful and deeply human.
Evidence: “became the ADC of General Ataul Goni Osmani” and “he greeted me with the friendliest of smiles and a warm handshake.”
Worked Example Series
Ex. A vehicle covers ২৪০ কি.মি. in ৪ ঘণ্টা. Find its speed.
Sol:
Speed = DistanceTime
Speed = ২৪০ ÷ ৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Speed = ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Speed = DistanceTime
Speed = ২৪০ ÷ ৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Speed = ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. ৬০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. Convert ১০ মি./সে. into কি.মি./ঘণ্টা.
Sol:
প্রচলিত পদ্ধতিতে: ১ মি./সে. = ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
১০ মি./সে. = ১০ × ১৮৫ = ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে: ১০ × ১৮ ÷ ৫ = ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে একটি ধাপ কম লাগে।
∴ Ans. ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
প্রচলিত পদ্ধতিতে: ১ মি./সে. = ১৮৫ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
১০ মি./সে. = ১০ × ১৮৫ = ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে: ১০ × ১৮ ÷ ৫ = ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে একটি ধাপ কম লাগে।
∴ Ans. ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
Ex. A train is ১২০ মিটার long and moves at ৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time needed to cross a pole.
Sol:
৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫৪ × ৫ ÷ ১৮ = ১৫ মি./সে.
Pole-crossing time = Train lengthSpeed
Time = ১২০ ÷ ১৫ সেকেন্ড
Time = ৮ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৮ সেকেন্ড।
৫৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৫৪ × ৫ ÷ ১৮ = ১৫ মি./সে.
Pole-crossing time = Train lengthSpeed
Time = ১২০ ÷ ১৫ সেকেন্ড
Time = ৮ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৮ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. Two trains, ১৫৭ মিটার and ১৫৮ মিটার long, move in opposite directions at ৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and ৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the time required to cross each other.
Sol:
৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৯০ × ৫ ÷ ১৮ = ২৫ মি./সে.
৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৩৬ × ৫ ÷ ১৮ = ১০ মি./সে.
Opposite-direction relative speed = ২৫ + ১০ = ৩৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ১৫৭ + ১৫৮ = ৩১৫ মিটার
Time = ৩১৫ ÷ ৩৫ সেকেন্ড
Time = ৯ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৯ সেকেন্ড।
৯০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৯০ × ৫ ÷ ১৮ = ২৫ মি./সে.
৩৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা = ৩৬ × ৫ ÷ ১৮ = ১০ মি./সে.
Opposite-direction relative speed = ২৫ + ১০ = ৩৫ মি./সে.
Total distance = ১৫৭ + ১৫৮ = ৩১৫ মিটার
Time = ৩১৫ ÷ ৩৫ সেকেন্ড
Time = ৯ সেকেন্ড
∴ Ans. ৯ সেকেন্ড।
Ex. A boat’s speed in still water is ১৪ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and the stream’s speed is ২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the times needed to travel ১৯২ কি.মি. downstream and upstream.
Sol:
Downstream speed = ১৪ + ২ = ১৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Upstream speed = ১৪ − ২ = ১২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Downstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ১৬ = ১২ ঘণ্টা
Upstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ১২ = ১৬ ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. অনুকূলে ১২ ঘণ্টা এবং প্রতিকূলে ১৬ ঘণ্টা।
Downstream speed = ১৪ + ২ = ১৬ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Upstream speed = ১৪ − ২ = ১২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
Downstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ১৬ = ১২ ঘণ্টা
Upstream time = ১৯২ ÷ ১২ = ১৬ ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. অনুকূলে ১২ ঘণ্টা এবং প্রতিকূলে ১৬ ঘণ্টা।
Ex. A person travels equal distances at ৩০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা and ৭০ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা. Find the average speed.
Sol:
প্রচলিত পদ্ধতিতে, ধরি প্রতিটি দূরত্ব = ২১০ কি.মি.
প্রথম সময় = ২১০ ÷ ৩০ = ৭ ঘণ্টা
দ্বিতীয় সময় = ২১০ ÷ ৭০ = ৩ ঘণ্টা
মোট দূরত্ব = ২১০ + ২১০ = ৪২০ কি.মি.
মোট সময় = ৭ + ৩ = ১০ ঘণ্টা
Average speed = ৪২০ ÷ ১০ = ৪২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে: Average speed = ২ × ৩০ × ৭০ ÷ (৩০ + ৭০)
Average speed = ৪২০০ ÷ ১০ = ৪২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. ৪২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।
প্রচলিত পদ্ধতিতে, ধরি প্রতিটি দূরত্ব = ২১০ কি.মি.
প্রথম সময় = ২১০ ÷ ৩০ = ৭ ঘণ্টা
দ্বিতীয় সময় = ২১০ ÷ ৭০ = ৩ ঘণ্টা
মোট দূরত্ব = ২১০ + ২১০ = ৪২০ কি.মি.
মোট সময় = ৭ + ৩ = ১০ ঘণ্টা
Average speed = ৪২০ ÷ ১০ = ৪২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
শর্টকাটে: Average speed = ২ × ৩০ × ৭০ ÷ (৩০ + ৭০)
Average speed = ৪২০০ ÷ ১০ = ৪২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা
∴ Ans. ৪২ কি.মি./ঘণ্টা।