Chapter: Where's the Library?
đ Vocabulary
English for Today Class Five
â Most Important Exam Words
librarynearbycollegesupermarkethospitalschoolpost officebankbus stoproadstreetcorneroppositenext totowardstraightturn leftturn rightcontinueget towalkexcuse mecould you pleasedirectionprepositioncommandgreetingstatementintonation
đ Word Formation Rules
âē Add the suffix '-er' to some verbs to form a person noun: teach â teacher, work â worker.
âē Add the suffix '-ly' to some adjectives to form adverbs: direct â directly, near â nearly.
âē Use compound nouns by joining two words: super + market â supermarket; bus + stop â bus stop; post + office â post office.
âē Use the prefix 'opposite' as a location word to show that two places face each other: opposite the bank.
âē Form a polite request with could + subject + please + base verb: Could you please tell me...?
âē Use the base verb after a command: Turn left, Go straight, Continue on this street.
âē Use 'how to + base verb' to describe a method: how to get to the hospital.
âē Use 'a five minutes' walk' to express walking distance; minutes is possessive because it shows the length of the walk.
1. Places and Buildings â āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ¨ (8 words)
library[/ËlaÉĒbrÉri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°; āĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻŦāĻāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻļāĻžāĻ˛āĻž
Example: The library is next to the college.
Syn: bookroom
đĄ Exam tip: Remember the spelling: library, not librery.
college[/ËkÉlÉĒdĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ; āĻāĻā§āĻāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨
Example: The library is on College Road.
Syn: institution
đĄ Exam tip: Use 'the college' when referring to a particular college.
supermarket[/ËsuËpÉmÉËkÉĒt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ; āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°
Example: The supermarket is on the corner.
Syn: market, store
đĄ Exam tip: Supermarket is a compound word: super + market.
hospital[/ËhÉspÉĒtl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ˛; āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻž āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ°
Example: The hospital is near Road 14.
Syn: clinic
đĄ Exam tip: The first 'h' is pronounced in hospital.
school[/skuËl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻŧ; āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ˛
Alt: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻž āĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨
Example: Our school is near the park.
Syn: academy
đĄ Exam tip: School is both a common noun and a place name in directions.
post office[/ËpÉĘst ËÉfÉĒs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻāĻ°
Alt: āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨
Example: The post office is opposite the bank.
Syn: mail office
đĄ Exam tip: Write post office as two words.
bank[/bÃĻÅk/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ; āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨
Example: The bank is next to the post office.
Syn: financial institution
đĄ Exam tip: Bank may also mean the side of a river, so use context.
bus stop[/ËbĘs stÉp/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻĒ; āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻĨāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨
Example: The bus stop is near the school.
Syn: bus station
đĄ Exam tip: Bus stop is written as two words.
2. Roads and Locations â āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ (8 words)
road[/rÉĘd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž; āĻ¸āĻĄāĻŧāĻ
Alt: āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻĨ
Example: The library is on College Road.
Syn: street, way
đĄ Exam tip: Use 'on' before the name of a road: on College Road.
street[/striËt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž; āĻ¸āĻĄāĻŧāĻāĻĒāĻĨ
Alt: āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻĨ
Example: Turn left on Park Street.
Syn: road, avenue
đĄ Exam tip: Street names begin with capital letters, such as Park Street.
corner[/ËkÉËnÉ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻŖ; āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻž
Example: The supermarket is on the corner.
Syn: angle, turningAnt: centre
đĄ Exam tip: The phrase 'on the corner' is common in direction answers.
nearby[/ËnÉĒÉËbaÉĒ/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ; āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻā§
Alt: āĻ
āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§
Example: Is there a library nearby?
Syn: near, closeAnt: far away
đĄ Exam tip: Nearby can come after the noun or at the end of a question.
opposite[/ËÉpÉzÉĒt/]prepositionmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§; āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨āĻŋ
Alt: āĻ
āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§
Example: The bank is opposite the school.
Syn: across fromAnt: beside
đĄ Exam tip: Opposite is followed by a place or noun.
next to[/Ënekst tuË/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāĻļā§; āĻ¸āĻāĻ˛āĻā§āĻ¨
Alt: āĻāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻāĻŋ
Example: The library is next to the college.
Syn: beside, byAnt: far from
đĄ Exam tip: Next to is a two-word prepositional phrase.
from[/frÉm/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: āĻĨā§āĻā§
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
Example: The hospital is five minutes' walk from here.
Syn: starting atAnt: to
đĄ Exam tip: Use from to show the starting point of a journey.
toward[/tÉËwÉËd/]prepositionmedium
Meaning: āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§; āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻā§
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻ
āĻā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻ° āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Continue toward Road 14.
Syn: in the direction ofAnt: away from
đĄ Exam tip: Toward and towards have the same meaning.
3. Directions and Movement â āĻĻāĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ āĻ āĻāĻ˛āĻ¨ (8 words)
straight[/streÉĒt/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻž; āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŋ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§
Example: Go straight to the next road.
Syn: directlyAnt: indirectly
đĄ Exam tip: The command 'Go straight' is frequently used in map questions.
turn[/tÉËn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŧ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž; āĻā§āĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: Turn left on College Road.
Syn: change directionAnt: continue
đĄ Exam tip: Turn is followed by left or right in directions.
left[/left/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§; āĻŦāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ
Example: The library will be on your left.
Syn: left-hand sideAnt: right
đĄ Exam tip: Distinguish left as a direction from left as the past form of leave.
right[/raÉĒt/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻĄāĻžāĻ¨ā§; āĻĄāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§
Alt: āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ
Example: Turn right on College Road.
Syn: right-hand sideAnt: left, wrong
đĄ Exam tip: Right can mean both 'āĻĄāĻžāĻ¨ā§' and 'āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ'; identify the context.
continue[/kÉnËtÉĒnjuË/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž; āĻ
āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻĨāĻžāĻŽāĻž āĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Continue on this street toward Road 14.
Syn: go on, proceedAnt: stop
đĄ Exam tip: Continue on is commonly used before a road or street.
get to[/ÉĄet tuË/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§; āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: How do I get to the hospital?
Syn: reach, arrive atAnt: leave
đĄ Exam tip: Use get to with a destination: get to the bank.
walk[/wÉËk/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻšā§āĻāĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻž
Example: It is only a five minutes' walk from here.
Syn: strollAnt: run
đĄ Exam tip: In 'a five minutes' walk', walk is used as a noun.
arrive[/ÉËraÉĒv/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§; āĻāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻ¸ā§ āĻĒā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Example: We will arrive at the school soon.
Syn: reachAnt: depart
đĄ Exam tip: Use arrive at for a small place and arrive in for a city or country.
4. Asking for Directions â āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ (8 words)
excuse me[/ÉĒkËskjuËz miË/]phraseeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻĢ āĻāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨; āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻ°ā§āĻˇāĻŖā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻĨāĻž
Example: Excuse me, is there a library nearby?
Syn: pardon me
đĄ Exam tip: Use Excuse me before asking a stranger for information.
please[/pliËz/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ°ā§
Alt: āĻāĻĻā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļā§āĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Could you please tell me the way?
Syn: if you would
đĄ Exam tip: Please makes a request polite.
could[/kĘd/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŋ; āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Could you please tell me how to get to the supermarket?
Syn: would you
đĄ Exam tip: Could you please...? is a polite question form.
tell[/tel/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž; āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Please tell me the way to the bank.
Syn: inform, explainAnt: hide
đĄ Exam tip: Use tell someone something, not tell something someone.
way[/weÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĨ; āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: Can you show me the way to the post office?
Syn: route, directionAnt: wrong way
đĄ Exam tip: The phrase 'the way to' means āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻĨ.
how[/haĘ/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§; āĻā§āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§
Alt: āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Do you know how to get to the hospital?
Syn: in what way
đĄ Exam tip: How to + verb expresses a method: how to get.
where[/weÉ/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ; āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Where is the library?
Syn: in what place
đĄ Exam tip: Questions beginning with Where usually have falling intonation.
near[/nÉĒÉ/]prepositioneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻā§; āĻ¨āĻŋāĻāĻā§
Alt: āĻ
āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻŦā§
Example: The hospital is near the park.
Syn: close to, besideAnt: far from
đĄ Exam tip: Near can be used before a place: near the school.
5. Useful Expressions and Responses â āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° (8 words)
thanks[/θÃĻÅks/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ°ā§āĻĒ
Example: Thanks a lot for your help.
Syn: thank you
đĄ Exam tip: Thanks is an informal but polite expression of gratitude.
thank you[/ËθÃĻÅk juË/]phraseeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻā§ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¤āĻā§āĻāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļā§āĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: Thank you for showing me the way.
Syn: thanks
đĄ Exam tip: A suitable reply is You're welcome.
a lot[/É lÉt/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ; āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ°
Alt: āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§
Example: Thanks a lot!
Syn: very much, greatlyAnt: a little
đĄ Exam tip: Thanks a lot means āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ, not a physical lot here.
welcome[/ËwelkÉm/]adjectiveeasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻŽ; āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻā§ āĻā§āĻ°āĻšāĻŖāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯
Alt: āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: You are welcome.
Syn: gladly receivedAnt: unwelcome
đĄ Exam tip: The standard reply to Thank you is You're welcome.
sir[/sÉË/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻŦ; āĻāĻĻā§āĻ°āĻ˛ā§āĻāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ
āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Excuse me, sir.
Syn: MrAnt: madam
đĄ Exam tip: Sir is used for a man; Ms is used for a woman.
Ms[/mÉĒz/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¸; āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻ§āĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻŦā§āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻā§ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Excuse me, Ms. Do you know the way?
Syn: madamAnt: sir
đĄ Exam tip: Ms is pronounced /mÉĒz/, not /mÉĒs/.
do you know[/duË juË nÉĘ/]phraseeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻāĻ¨āĻž
Example: Do you know how to get to the bank?
Syn: are you aware
đĄ Exam tip: Do you know is followed by a question word or an if-clause.
only[/ËÉĘnli/]adverbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ°; āĻļā§āĻ§ā§
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ
Example: It is only a five minutes' walk.
Syn: just, merelyAnt: also
đĄ Exam tip: Only emphasizes the small distance or amount.
6. Grammar and Pronunciation â āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ (8 words)
preposition[/ËprepÉËzÉĒĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ
āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ; āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻļāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ
Example: Next to is a preposition of place.
Syn: relational word
đĄ Exam tip: Learn prepositions in phrases, such as next to and opposite.
command[/kÉËmÉËnd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ; āĻāĻĻā§āĻļ
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯
Example: Turn left is a command.
Syn: instruction, orderAnt: request
đĄ Exam tip: Commands usually begin with the base form of a verb.
direction[/dÉËrekĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻāĻŋāĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļ; āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŽā§āĻ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻĨā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ¨āĻž
Example: The map gives directions to the library.
Syn: route, guidanceAnt: misdirection
đĄ Exam tip: Direction may mean āĻĻāĻŋāĻ or āĻĒāĻĨā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻā§āĻļâuse the sentence context.
question[/ËkwestĘÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨
Alt: āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯
Example: Is there a library nearby? is a question.
Syn: query, inquiryAnt: answer
đĄ Exam tip: Yes/no questions usually have rising intonation.
statement[/ËsteÉĒtmÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻ¤āĻŋ; āĻŦāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯
Alt: āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¯
Example: The library is on College Road is a statement.
Syn: declaration, sentenceAnt: question
đĄ Exam tip: Statements usually end with falling intonation.
greeting[/ËÉĄriËtÉĒÅ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻž; āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¸āĻžāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻĨāĻž
Example: Hello is a common greeting.
Syn: salutationAnt: farewell
đĄ Exam tip: Greetings usually have rising intonation in this lesson.
intonation[/ËÉĒntÉËneÉĒĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋ; āĻāĻŖā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ āĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻŽāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻĨāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻŖā§āĻ ā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻ¨
Example: Use rising intonation for yes/no questions.
Syn: voice patternAnt: monotone
đĄ Exam tip: Yes/no questions rise; Wh-questions and statements fall.
pronunciation[/prÉËnĘnsiËeÉĒĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŖ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻ˛āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻ§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: Practise the pronunciation of library.
Syn: articulationAnt: mispronunciation
đĄ Exam tip: Pronunciation is pronounced /prÉËnĘnsiËeÉĒĘÉn/, not pro-nounce-iation.
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Use Excuse me before asking a stranger for directions.
âĸ For directions, use imperative verbs: Go, Turn, Continue, and Cross.
âĸ Use on with a road or street name: on College Road, on Park Street.
âĸ Use next to, near, and opposite to describe the location of places.
âĸ Remember the difference between left and right.
âĸ In a map question, identify the starting point and follow each direction in order.
âĸ Use 'How do I get to...?' or 'Could you please tell me how to get to...?' to ask for directions.
âĸ Use rising intonation for greetings and yes/no questions such as Is there a library nearby?
âĸ Use falling intonation for statements and Wh-questions such as Where is the library?
âĸ In gap-filling questions, check whether the blank needs a preposition, verb, noun, or direction word.
âĸ A suitable response to Thank you or Thanks is You're welcome.