Chapter: Unit 11: Occupations - Story: The Lion and the Mouse
đ Vocabulary
English for Today Class Four
â Most Important Exam Words
occupationfarmerdoctorpostmanphotographerdriversingerteacherboatmantailordentistcleanernursegarment workerfactoryvillagemigratestitchearnforestanimalsleepplayrunwakeangryafraidstrongsmalllaughlethelpfriendnetcatchtraproarhurttoothsharpfree
đ Word Formation Rules
âē Add -er to many verbs to form a person who does the action: work â worker, drive â driver, sing â singer, clean â cleaner.
âē Add -er to teach: teach â teacher.
âē A compound occupation can be formed by joining two words: boat + man â boatman, post + man â postman, rickshaw + driver â rickshaw driver.
âē Add -ed to regular verbs to make the past form: laugh â laughed, help â helped, play â played, migrate â migrated.
âē Some verbs have irregular past forms: run â ran, wake â woke, catch â caught, sleep â slept.
âē Some words change spelling in the plural: mouse â mice, tooth â teeth.
âē Add -ly to many adjectives to form adverbs: sudden â suddenly, complete â completely.
âē Noun forms can be made with -tion: migrate â migration, occupy â occupation.
1. Occupations and Workers (8 words)
occupation[/ËÉkjĘËpeÉĒĘÉn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻļāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ or āĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻž
Example: What is your occupation?
Syn: job, professionAnt: unemployment
đĄ Exam tip: Remember: occupation means a person's regular work.
farmer[/ËfÉËrmÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻˇāĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻžāĻˇ āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: A farmer grows food.
Syn: cultivator
đĄ Exam tip: A farmer grows crops and food.
doctor[/ËdÉktÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻ
Example: A doctor helps sick people.
Syn: physician
đĄ Exam tip: Use doctor for a person who treats sick people.
postman[/ËpÉĘstmÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻŋā§āĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§ā§
Example: A postman brings letters to people.
Syn: mail carrier
đĄ Exam tip: Postman is a compound word: post + man.
photographer[/fÉËtÉÉĄrÉfÉr/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āĻ˛ā§
Example: A photographer takes photos.
Syn: camera operator
đĄ Exam tip: Photographer is related to photograph and photography.
driver[/ËdraÉĒvÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžā§āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžā§
Example: A driver drives a car or a bus.
Syn: motoristAnt: passenger
đĄ Exam tip: Driver comes from the verb drive.
singer[/ËsÉĒÅÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžā§āĻ or āĻāĻžā§āĻŋāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻžā§
Example: A singer sings songs.
Syn: vocalist
đĄ Exam tip: Singer comes from sing.
teacher[/ËtiËtĘÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻ or āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻāĻžā§
Example: A teacher helps us to learn.
Syn: educatorAnt: learner
đĄ Exam tip: A teacher teaches students.
2. More Occupations and Duties (8 words)
boatman[/ËbÉĘtmÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžā§
Example: A boatman takes people across a river.
Syn: boat operator
đĄ Exam tip: Boatman is made from boat + man.
tailor[/ËteÉĒlÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻŋ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: A tailor sews and stitches clothes.
Syn: dressmaker
đĄ Exam tip: Tailor is a person who makes or repairs clothes.
dentist[/ËdentÉĒst/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: A dentist takes care of teeth.
Syn: dental doctor
đĄ Exam tip: Dentist is connected with teeth and dental care.
cleaner[/ËkliËnÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻˇā§āĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: A cleaner washes and cleans things.
Syn: housekeeperAnt: dirtier
đĄ Exam tip: Cleaner comes from the verb clean.
nurse[/nÉËrs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻĄāĻžāĻā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻā§ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ°ā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻ¨ā§ā§
Example: A nurse takes care of sick people.
Syn: caregiver
đĄ Exam tip: A nurse helps a doctor and cares for patients.
garment worker[/ËÉĄÉËrmÉnt ËwÉËrkÉr/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻžā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: Reshma is a garment worker in Dhaka.
Syn: factory worker
đĄ Exam tip: Garment means clothing; garment worker means āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ.
rickshaw driver[/ËrÉĒkĘÉË ËdraÉĒvÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻļāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻ
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻļāĻž āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžā§
Example: Reshma's father worked as a rickshaw driver.
Syn: rickshaw puller
đĄ Exam tip: This is a compound occupation made from rickshaw + driver.
worker[/ËwÉËrkÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻŋāĻ or āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: The worker works in a factory.
Syn: employeeAnt: employer
đĄ Exam tip: Worker comes from the verb work.
3. Story Characters and Actions (8 words)
lion[/ËlaÉĒÉn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻš
Alt: āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§
Example: The lion was sleeping in the forest.
Syn: big cat
đĄ Exam tip: Lion is the main character of the story.
mouse[/maĘs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻĻā§āĻ°
Alt: āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§
Example: The mouse helped the lion.
Syn: rodent
đĄ Exam tip: The plural form of mouse is mice.
forest[/ËfÉrÉĒst/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ˛āĻžā§ āĻāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻž
Example: The lion lived in the forest.
Syn: woodlandAnt: desert
đĄ Exam tip: Forest means a large area covered with trees.
animal[/ËÃĻnÉĒmÉl/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§
Alt: āĻā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻŦ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻˇ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻˇ āĻāĻžā§āĻž
Example: All the animals feared the lion.
Syn: creatureAnt: plant
đĄ Exam tip: Animals can be wild or domestic.
sleep[/sliËp/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Example: The lion was sleeping in the forest.
Syn: restAnt: wake
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: slept; continuous form: sleeping.
play[/pleÉĒ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ˛āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: The mouse was playing near the lion.
Syn: enjoy, amuseAnt: work
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: played; use was playing for an action in progress.
run[/rĘn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§ā§āĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžā§ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻž
Example: The mouse ran onto the lion's nose.
Syn: race, dashAnt: walk
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: ran; past participle: run.
wake[/weÉĒk/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻŽ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻž or āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Example: The lion woke up when the mouse ran onto his nose.
Syn: awakenAnt: sleep
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: woke; phrase: wake up.
4. Feelings and Story Events (8 words)
angry[/ËÃĻÅÉĄri/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤
Alt: āĻ°āĻžāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖ
Example: The lion was angry with the mouse.
Syn: furious, madAnt: calm, pleased
đĄ Exam tip: Use angry with a person: angry with the mouse.
afraid[/ÉËfreÉĒd/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Example: The lion was afraid in the net.
Syn: scared, frightenedAnt: brave
đĄ Exam tip: Use be afraid of something or someone.
strong[/strÉÅ/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§
Alt: āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻļāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻā§
Example: The lion was big and strong.
Syn: powerfulAnt: weak
đĄ Exam tip: The opposite of strong is weak.
small[/smÉËl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ
Alt: āĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§
Example: The mouse was small.
Syn: little, tinyAnt: big, large
đĄ Exam tip: Small and little are common synonyms.
laugh[/lÃĻf/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻž
Example: The lion laughed at the mouse.
Syn: giggle, chuckleAnt: cry
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: laughed; laugh at means āĻāĻĒāĻšāĻžāĻ¸ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻ¸āĻž.
let[/let/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: The lion let the mouse go.
Syn: allow, permitAnt: stop, forbid
đĄ Exam tip: Let has the same form in present and past: let.
help[/help/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: The mouse helped the lion.
Syn: assist, aidAnt: harm, hinder
đĄ Exam tip: Help can be used as both a verb and a noun.
friend[/frend/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§
Alt: āĻ¯ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§ and āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°ā§
Example: The lion and the mouse became friends.
Syn: companion, allyAnt: enemy
đĄ Exam tip: Plural form: friends; adjective: friendly.
5. Net, Trapping and Freedom (8 words)
net[/net/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ˛
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻŋ or āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻĻ
Example: A net caught the lion.
Syn: trap
đĄ Exam tip: A net can be used to catch animals or fish.
catch[/kÃĻtĘ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ§āĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻā§ or āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Example: The net caught the lion.
Syn: capture, seizeAnt: release, miss
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: caught; do not write catched.
trap[/trÃĻp/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻšāĻ¤ā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Example: The lion was trapped in the net.
Syn: catch, snareAnt: free, release
đĄ Exam tip: Trapped has double p before -ed.
roar[/rÉËr/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻ¸āĻŋāĻāĻšā§āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ā§ āĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: The lion roared and roared.
Syn: bellow, shoutAnt: whisper
đĄ Exam tip: Roar is the special sound made by a lion.
hurt[/hÉËrt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻĨāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž or āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: The lion's legs hurt.
Syn: injure, acheAnt: heal
đĄ Exam tip: Hurt has the same form in present and past.
tooth[/tuËθ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĻāĻžāĻāĻ¤
Alt: āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ° āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ
āĻā§āĻ
Example: The mouse had very sharp teeth.
Syn: dental organ
đĄ Exam tip: The plural of tooth is teeth.
sharp[/ĘÉËrp/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻ˛ā§
Alt: āĻ¯āĻžāĻ° āĻ§āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§
Example: The mouse had sharp teeth.
Syn: pointed, keenAnt: blunt
đĄ Exam tip: Sharp describes knives, teeth, and points.
free[/friË/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨ā§
Example: Soon, the lion was free.
Syn: released, independentAnt: trapped, captive
đĄ Exam tip: Free is the opposite of trapped.
6. Garment Worker and Daily Life (8 words)
garment[/ËÉĄÉËrmÉnt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻļāĻžāĻ
Alt: āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ§ā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§
Example: She works in a garment factory.
Syn: clothing, dress
đĄ Exam tip: Garment means an item of clothing.
factory[/ËfÃĻktÉri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻž
Alt: āĻ¯ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻšā§
Example: The factory is in Mirpur.
Syn: plant, workshop
đĄ Exam tip: A factory is a place where workers make goods.
village[/ËvÉĒlÉĒdĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽ
Alt: āĻļāĻšāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻ¨āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: Her family came from a village.
Syn: rural areaAnt: city, town
đĄ Exam tip: The opposite of village is generally city.
river erosion[/ËrÉĒvÉr ÉĒËrÉĘĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ° or āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻž
Example: River erosion caused them to lose their home.
Syn: riverbank erosion
đĄ Exam tip: River erosion was the reason the family migrated to Dhaka.
migrate[/maÉĒËÉĄreÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻā§āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻā§āĻž
Example: The family migrated to Dhaka.
Syn: move, relocateAnt: stay
đĄ Exam tip: Past form: migrated; noun form: migration.
stitch[/stÉĒtĘ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĻāĻŋā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§ āĻā§ā§āĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Example: Her mother stitches Nakshi Kanthas.
Syn: sewAnt: unstitch
đĄ Exam tip: Stitch and sew are common exam synonyms.
earn[/ÉËrn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻā§āĻž
Example: Reshma works extra hours to earn more money.
Syn: make, receiveAnt: spend, lose
đĄ Exam tip: Earn means receive money for work; spend means use money.
extra[/ËekstrÉ/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ° āĻā§ā§ā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ
Example: Reshma works extra hours.
Syn: additional, moreAnt: less, usual
đĄ Exam tip: Extra hours means additional working hours.
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Learn each occupation with its duty: a farmer grows food, a doctor helps sick people, and a postman brings letters.
âĸ For story questions, remember the order: the lion slept, the mouse played, the lion let her go, the lion was trapped, and the mouse cut the net.
âĸ Use was or were plus verb-ing for actions happening at a particular time: The lion was sleeping; the mouse was playing.
âĸ Use the past forms correctly: ran, woke, caught, roared, let, used, cut, and said.
âĸ Remember the prepositions in the story: in the forest, near the lion, onto the nose, into the net, and across a river.
âĸ The mouse cut the net with her sharp teeth.
âĸ The moral of the story is: Little friends are as good as big friends.
âĸ For synonym questions, remember strongâpowerful, afraidâscared, smallâlittle, and helpâassist.
âĸ For antonym questions, remember strongâweak, smallâbig, freeâtrapped, friendâenemy, and villageâcity.
âĸ In a short paragraph about an occupation, include the person's name, age, workplace, duties, working hours, and income if known.
âĸ Check singular and plural forms carefully: animalâanimals, friendâfriends, toothâteeth, and mouseâmice.