Chapter: Stay Safe!
đ Vocabulary
English for Today Class Five
â Most Important Exam Words
earthquakecyclonedisasterriver erosionaftershockpreparedemergencybatterytorchfirst-aid kitdried foodselectricitybuildingstrongdamagedbandagestay awayrepairfloodingexperience
đ Word Formation Rules
âē earth + quake = earthquake: a compound noun meaning āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āĻĒ.
âē river + erosion = river erosion: a noun phrase meaning āĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨.
âē first + aid + kit = first-aid kit: a compound noun for āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¸.
âē prepare + -ed = prepared: the past participle used as an adjective.
âē damage + -ed = damaged: an adjective meaning āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤.
âē repair + -ing = repairing: the present participle used in continuous tense.
âē flood + -ing = flooding: the present participle meaning āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž.
âē safe + -ly = safely: the adverb form of safe.
âē strong + -er = stronger: the comparative form of strong.
âē dry + -ed = dried: the past participle of dry, used in dried foods.
1. Natural Disasters and Danger (8 words)
earthquake[/ËÉËrθkweÉĒk/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āĻĒ
Alt: āĻā§-āĻĒā§āĻˇā§āĻ ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨
Example: An earthquake can happen at any time.
Syn: quake
đĄ Exam tip: Remember: earthquake = earth + quake.
cyclone[/ËsaÉĒkloĘn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸āĻ¸āĻš āĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Example: A cyclone destroyed many buildings and trees.
Syn: stormAnt: calm
đĄ Exam tip: Use a before cyclone: a cyclone.
disaster[/dÉĒËzÉËstÉr/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻž
Example: We should prepare for natural disasters.
Syn: catastropheAnt: blessing
đĄ Exam tip: Natural disaster is a common examination phrase.
flood[/flĘd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻž
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻāĻž āĻĄā§āĻŦā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: The river is flooding the fields.
Syn: inundationAnt: drought
đĄ Exam tip: Flood can be both a noun and a verb.
storm[/stÉËrm/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĄāĻŧ
Alt: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ āĻŦā§āĻˇā§āĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: The storm started suddenly.
Syn: tempestAnt: calm
đĄ Exam tip: Storm starts means āĻāĻĄāĻŧ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
river erosion[/ËrÉĒvÉr ÉĒËroĘĘÉn/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¨
Alt: āĻ¨āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Their family lost land because of river erosion.
Syn: bank erosionAnt: land formation
đĄ Exam tip: Use because of before river erosion to show cause.
aftershock[/ËÉËftÉrĘÉËk/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¤
Alt: āĻā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ¨
Example: Sometimes there are aftershocks after an earthquake.
Syn: secondary tremor
đĄ Exam tip: Aftershock happens after the main earthquake.
sign[/saÉĒn/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ˛āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖ
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¤
Example: We can often see signs of river erosion.
Syn: indicationAnt: concealment
đĄ Exam tip: Sign of is followed by a noun.
2. Safety Equipment and Supplies (8 words)
battery[/ËbÃĻtÉri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŦāĻ°āĻžāĻšāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻā§āĻ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°
Example: My torch needs new batteries.
Syn: cell
đĄ Exam tip: The plural form is batteries, not batterys.
torch[/tÉËrtĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ
Alt: āĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§ āĻŦāĻšāĻ¨āĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: Keep a torch at home for emergencies.
Syn: flashlight
đĄ Exam tip: Torch is British English; flashlight is American English.
first-aid kit[/ËfÉËrst ËeÉĒd kÉĒt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¸
Alt: āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋā§āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ°āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āĻ¸
Example: Bring me the first-aid kit.
Syn: medical kit
đĄ Exam tip: First aid means immediate help for an injured person.
dried foods[/draÉĒd fuËdz/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻāĻ°āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻ¯ā§āĻā§āĻ¯ āĻļā§āĻāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āĻ¯
Example: We should prepare some dried foods.
Syn: preserved foodAnt: fresh food
đĄ Exam tip: Dried is the past participle of dry.
radio[/ËreÉĒdioĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻ
Alt: āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ āĻ¸āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°
Example: You will need a battery-operated radio.
Syn: receiver
đĄ Exam tip: Battery-operated means āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ by batteries.
food[/fuËd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻ°
Alt: āĻāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ¯ā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§
Example: Keep some food and water in your home.
Syn: nourishment
đĄ Exam tip: Food is usually an uncountable noun.
water[/ËwÉËtÉr/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ
Example: We must store clean water.
Syn: H2O
đĄ Exam tip: Use some water, not some waters, in this context.
bandage[/ËbÃĻndÉĒdĘ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻ
Alt: āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤ āĻĸāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻĒāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¤āĻž
Example: Cover the cut with a clean bandage.
Syn: dressing
đĄ Exam tip: A bandage is used to cover a wound.
3. Earthquake Preparedness (8 words)
prepare[/prÉĒËpeÉr/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻā§ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āĻ¨ā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: We can prepare for natural disasters.
Syn: make readyAnt: neglect
đĄ Exam tip: Prepare for is the correct verb phrase.
prepared[/prÉĒËpeÉrd/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻŋ
Example: We should be prepared for an earthquake.
Syn: readyAnt: unprepared
đĄ Exam tip: Be prepared for + noun.
happen[/ËhÃĻpÉn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻ¸āĻāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Earthquakes can happen at any time.
Syn: occurAnt: stop
đĄ Exam tip: Can happen uses the base form of the verb.
electricity[/ÉĒËlekËtrÉĒsÉti/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§
Alt: āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: There may not be any electricity for a few days.
Syn: power
đĄ Exam tip: Electricity is an uncountable noun.
operate[/ËÉËpÉreÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§
Example: Batteries operate the radio.
Syn: runAnt: stop
đĄ Exam tip: Operated is commonly used in battery-operated.
store[/stÉËr/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°ā§āĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Store food and water in a safe place.
Syn: keepAnt: use
đĄ Exam tip: Store can be both a verb and a noun.
emergency[/ÉĒËmÉËrdĘÉnsi/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ
āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
Alt: āĻ¤āĻžā§āĻā§āĻˇāĻŖāĻŋāĻ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ
Example: Keep a torch for an emergency.
Syn: crisisAnt: routine
đĄ Exam tip: In an emergency is a useful phrase.
safe[/seÉĒf/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻĻ
Alt: āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻāĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤
Example: Do not go inside unless it is safe.
Syn: secureAnt: dangerous
đĄ Exam tip: Safe is an adjective; safely is its adverb form.
4. Actions During and After an Earthquake (8 words)
building[/ËbÉĒldÉĒÅ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŦāĻ¨
Alt: āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž
Example: Stay away from buildings if you are outside.
Syn: structure
đĄ Exam tip: Building comes from the verb build.
outside[/ËaĘtËsaÉĒd/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ°ā§
Example: If you are outside, stay away from buildings.
Syn: outdoorsAnt: inside
đĄ Exam tip: Outside can work as an adverb, adjective, noun, or preposition.
inside[/ËÉĒnËsaÉĒd/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ°ā§
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻ°ā§
Example: Do not go inside a damaged building.
Syn: indoorsAnt: outside
đĄ Exam tip: Inside and outside are common opposite words.
strong[/strÉËÅ/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻāĻŦā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻ¸āĻšāĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻ¨
Example: Get under a strong table or desk.
Syn: sturdyAnt: weak
đĄ Exam tip: Strong modifies a noun such as table or desk.
damage[/ËdÃĻmÉĒdĘ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĢā§āĻ˛āĻž
Example: The cyclone damaged many houses.
Syn: harmAnt: repair
đĄ Exam tip: Damage can be both a verb and a noun.
run[/rĘn/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§
Alt: āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻž
Example: Do not run outside during an earthquake.
Syn: hurryAnt: walk
đĄ Exam tip: After do not, use the base form run.
stay away[/steÉĒ ÉËweÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻ¨āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻ˛āĻž
Example: Stay away from damaged buildings.
Syn: keep awayAnt: approach
đĄ Exam tip: Stay away from is followed by a noun.
cut[/kĘt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻā§āĻˇāĻ¤
Alt: āĻā§āĻā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ā§ āĻ¸ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ¤
Example: If you have any cuts, cover them with a bandage.
Syn: woundAnt: healing
đĄ Exam tip: The plural form is cuts; cut has the same present and past form.
5. Weather and Disaster Descriptions (8 words)
wind[/wÉĒnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸
Alt: āĻāĻ˛āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧā§
Example: The wind is blowing strongly.
Syn: breezeAnt: stillness
đĄ Exam tip: Wind is pronounced /waÉĒnd/ when it means āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ§āĻž, but /wÉĒnd/ here.
blow[/bloĘ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: The wind is blowing the roofs away.
Syn: gustAnt: settle
đĄ Exam tip: Blow changes to blew in the simple past.
roof[/ruËf/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻāĻžāĻĻ
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻŦāĻ°āĻŖ
Example: The wind blew the roofs away.
Syn: top
đĄ Exam tip: The plural of roof is usually roofs.
repair[/rÉĒËpeÉr/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻ¨āĻˇā§āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¸ āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Example: The workers are repairing the bridge.
Syn: fixAnt: break
đĄ Exam tip: Repairing is formed by adding -ing to repair.
bridge[/brÉĒdĘ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§
Alt: āĻ¨āĻĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ āĻžāĻŽā§
Example: The workers are repairing the bridge.
Syn: overpass
đĄ Exam tip: Bridge is a countable noun: a bridge, many bridges.
rise[/raÉĒz/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦā§āĻĄāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ āĻž
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻ° āĻāĻĒāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻ āĻž
Example: The river is rising after the storm.
Syn: increaseAnt: fall
đĄ Exam tip: Rise is intransitive; raise needs an object.
repairing[/rÉĒËpeÉrÉĒÅ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŽā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻā§
Alt: āĻ āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻā§
Example: The workers were repairing the huts.
Syn: fixingAnt: breaking
đĄ Exam tip: Was or were + repairing forms the past continuous tense.
flooding[/ËflĘdÉĒÅ/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻā§
Alt: āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§ āĻĄā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§
Example: The river was flooding the fields.
Syn: inundatingAnt: drying
đĄ Exam tip: Was flooding shows an action continuing in the past.
6. Feelings and Communication (8 words)
afraid[/ÉËfreÉĒd/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻā§āĻ¤
Alt: āĻāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Anita is afraid of natural disasters.
Syn: scaredAnt: brave
đĄ Exam tip: Afraid of is the correct preposition pattern.
terrible[/ËterÉbÉl/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻŦāĻš
Alt: āĻ
āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĻĒ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻāĻāĻ°
Example: The earthquake in Nepal was terrible.
Syn: horribleAnt: wonderful
đĄ Exam tip: Terrible describes a frightening or very bad event.
sad[/sÃĻd/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻāĻāĻŋāĻ¤
Alt: āĻŽāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Asad was very sad about the disaster.
Syn: unhappyAnt: happy
đĄ Exam tip: Sad is the adjective; sadness is the noun.
worry[/ËwÉËri/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: You should not worry too much.
Syn: be anxiousAnt: relax
đĄ Exam tip: Use should not worry for advice.
officer[/ËÉËfÉĒsÉr/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻž
Alt: āĻĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻžāĻāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§
Example: The officer gave them a leaflet.
Syn: official
đĄ Exam tip: Officer is a person noun formed from office.
leaflet[/ËliËflÉt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ˛āĻŋāĻĢāĻ˛ā§āĻ
Alt: āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¤ āĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻāĻž
Example: The officer gave us a safety leaflet.
Syn: pamphlet
đĄ Exam tip: A leaflet gives brief information or instructions.
news[/nuËz/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ¸āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ
Alt: āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯
Example: The TV news can tell us about cyclones.
Syn: informationAnt: silence
đĄ Exam tip: News looks plural but is usually used with a singular verb.
experience[/ÉĒkËspÉĒÉriÉns/]verbhard
Meaning: āĻ
āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻ¤āĻž āĻ˛āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻž
Alt: āĻā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž
Example: Have you experienced a natural disaster?
Syn: undergoAnt: avoid
đĄ Exam tip: Have you experienced uses the present perfect tense.
đĄ Exam Tips
âĸ Learn the difference between natural disasters: earthquake, cyclone, flood, and river erosion.
âĸ Use because of before a noun to state a reason: They lost land because of river erosion.
âĸ Use should or should not to give safety advice: You should keep a torch. You should not run outside.
âĸ Remember the safety phrases get under a strong table, stay away from buildings, and do not go inside.
âĸ Use was or were plus verb-ing for past continuous: The workers were repairing the huts.
âĸ Use can happen for possibility: Earthquakes can happen at any time.
âĸ Learn countable and uncountable nouns: batteries, buildings, cuts, and roofs are countable; food, water, electricity, and news are generally uncountable.
âĸ For question answers, write complete sentences: The earthquake Anita talked about was in Nepal.
âĸ Remember opposite pairs: safe-dangerous, strong-weak, inside-outside, rise-fall, and repair-break.
âĸ The plural of battery is batteries, while the plural of roof is roofs.