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English for Today Class Five - City and Country - Vocabulary

Other Word Lists ¡ English ¡ 14 Aug 2026

🎯 Other Word Lists🌐 English📅 14 Aug 2026📖 Course 193 of 257
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Other Word ListsEnglish for Today Class Five - City and Country - Vocabulary

Chapter: City and Country

📚 Vocabulary
English for Today Class Five
⭐ Most Important Exam Words
citycountrystreetroadpavementhedgerowtramcountrysidecartloadhaymangoldgraintreegrassrainbowchimneybreathblotskylamp-postrattlemeantsingbutterflyflitleafcallwindsightossto and frofieldlandshiningprefersimilaropinion
📃 Word Formation Rules
â–ē Noun āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ adjective: smell + ing = smelling; sweet + smelling = sweet-smelling, āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϏ⧁āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϧāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ.
â–ē Verb-āĻāϰ -ing form: sing + ing = singing, flit + ing = flitting, shine + ing = shining.
â–ē Verb-āĻāϰ past form: mean → meant, sing → sang, hold → held, laugh → laughed.
â–ē Noun-āĻāϰ plural: city → cities, leaf → leaves, butterfly → butterflies, tree → trees.
â–ē Compound noun: lamp + post = lamp-post; country + side = countryside; butter + fly = butterfly.
â–ē Compound adjective: sweet + smelling = sweet-smelling.
â–ē Noun āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ verb: breath → breathe; āϤāĻŦ⧇ breath āĻ“ breathe-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ āĻ“ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž.
â–ē Adjective āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ noun: similar → similarity; bright → brightness.
1. City and Country (8 words)
city[/ˈsÉĒti/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻšāϰ
Alt: āύāĻ—āϰ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Example: The city has many busy streets.
Syn: townAnt: country
💡 Exam tip: City-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧋ cities.
country[/ˈkʌntri/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻžā§āϚāϞ; āĻĻ⧇āĻļ
Alt: āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Example: The country is peaceful and green.
Syn: countrysideAnt: city
💡 Exam tip: āĻāχ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ country āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻžā§āϚāϞ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇.
street[/striːt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž; āϏāĻĄāĻŧāĻ•
Alt: āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž
Example: People walk along the street.
Syn: roadAnt: path
💡 Exam tip: Street āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ.
road[/rəʊd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϏāĻĄāĻŧāĻ•; āĻĒāĻĨ
Alt: āĻāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻž
Example: The country has quiet roads.
Syn: wayAnt: dead end
💡 Exam tip: Street āĻ“ road-āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏāĻš āϞāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧋.
pavement[/ˈpeÉĒvmənt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻĒāĻžāϤ
Alt: āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻĨ
Example: We walked on the pavement.
Syn: sidewalkAnt: roadway
💡 Exam tip: Pavement-āĻ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻšāĻžāρāĻŸā§‡, āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϚāϞ⧇ āύāĻž.
hedgerow[/ˈhedʒrəʊ/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻā§‹āĻĒāĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāύāĻž
Example: There are green hedgerows beside the road.
Syn: bush fenceAnt: open land
💡 Exam tip: Hedgerows country-āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ.
tram[/trÃĻm/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ
Alt: āϰ⧇āϞāĻĒāĻĨ⧇ āϚāϞāĻž āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āϝāĻžāύ
Example: A big tram rattled by.
Syn: streetcarAnt: walk
💡 Exam tip: Tram āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āϝāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ.
countryside[/ˈkƌntrisaÉĒd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻžā§āϚāϞ
Alt: āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Example: I love the beautiful countryside.
Syn: countryAnt: urban area
💡 Exam tip: Countryside āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ country-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ• āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ.
2. Country Objects and Nature (8 words)
cart[/kɑːt/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ; āϠ⧇āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ
Alt: āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ āĻŦāĻšāύ⧇āϰ āϛ⧋āϟ āϝāĻžāύ
Example: A blue cart carried hay.
Syn: wagonAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Blue carts with their loads āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹.
load[/ləʊd/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž
Alt: āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ
Example: The cart has a heavy load.
Syn: burdenAnt: emptiness
💡 Exam tip: Load-āĻāϰ verb form load āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰāĻž.
hay[/heÉĒ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻļ⧁āĻ•āύ⧋ āϘāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻĒāĻļ⧁āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻļ⧁āĻ•āύ⧋ āϘāĻžāϏ
Example: The farmer stored sweet-smelling hay.
Syn: dry grassAnt: fresh grass
💡 Exam tip: Hay āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ.
mangold[/ˈmÃĻÅ‹ÉĄÉ™ĘŠld/]nounhard
Meaning: āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ; āĻĒāĻļ⧁āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞāϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĢāϏāϞ
Alt: āĻŦā§€āϟāϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋāϜ āĻĢāϏāϞ
Example: The cart carried mangolds and grain.
Syn: root cropAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Mangolds and grain country-āĻāϰ āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋāϜ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ.
grain[/ÉĄreÉĒn/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻļāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻĻāĻžāύāĻž
Alt: āϧāĻžāύ, āĻ—āĻŽ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĻāĻžāύāĻž
Example: The farmer collected the grain.
Syn: seedAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Grain-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻļāĻ¸ā§āϝ; grains āĻšāϞ⧋ plural.
tree[/triː/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ—āĻžāĻ›
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ
Example: The country has many trees.
Syn: plantAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Tree city and country āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āχ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
grass[/ɡrɑːs/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϘāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻŽāĻžāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžāύ⧋ āϏāĻŦ⧁āϜ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ
Example: The wind tossed the grass.
Syn: herbageAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Grass āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇.
rainbow[/ˈreÉĒnbəʊ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āϰāĻ‚āϧāύ⧁
Alt: āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āφāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϰāĻ™āĻŋāύ āϧāύ⧁āĻ•
Example: A rainbow appeared after the rain.
Syn: arcAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Rainbow-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ a āĻŦāϏ⧇.
3. City Features and Pollution (8 words)
chimney[/ˈtʃÉĒmni/]nounmedium
Meaning: āϚāĻŋāĻŽāύāĻŋ
Alt: āϧ⧋āρāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āύāϞ
Example: Smoke came from the chimney.
Syn: flueAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Chimney-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧋ chimneys.
breath[/breθ/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ
Alt: āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ
Example: The breath of the chimneys polluted the air.
Syn: airAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Breath noun, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ breathe verb—āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž.
blot[/blɒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĸ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž; āĻĻāĻžāĻ— āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧋
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āϰ āϏ⧌āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āϝ āύāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The smoke blots out the sky.
Syn: coverAnt: show
💡 Exam tip: Blot out āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĸ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž.
sky[/skaÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āφāĻ•āĻžāĻļ
Alt: āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ
Example: The birds flew across the sky.
Syn: heavensAnt: ground
💡 Exam tip: Sky-āĻāϰ plural āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ skies.
lamp-post[/ˈlÃĻmp pəʊst/]nounmedium
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āϖ⧁āρāϟāĻŋ
Alt: āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇ āφāϞ⧋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϖ⧁āρāϟāĻŋ
Example: Tall lamp-posts stood along the pavement.
Syn: streetlightAnt: darkness
💡 Exam tip: Lamp-post āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ compound noun.
stiff[/stÉĒf/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤ; āĻ…āύāĻŽāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ
Alt: āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āύāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻž āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: Stiff lamp-posts stood beside the road.
Syn: rigidAnt: flexible
💡 Exam tip: Stiff-āĻāϰ opposite āĻšāϞ⧋ flexible āĻŦāĻž soft.
rattle[/ˈrÃĻtl/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāύāĻāύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϚāϞāĻž
Alt: āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĒāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻĒāϤ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The tram rattled by.
Syn: clatterAnt: silence
💡 Exam tip: Rattle āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ tram-āĻāϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇.
pavement[/ˈpeÉĒvmənt/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĢ⧁āϟāĻĒāĻžāϤ
Alt: āĻļāĻšāϰ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇ āĻšāĻžāρāϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻž
Example: The children stood on the pavement.
Syn: sidewalkAnt: road
💡 Exam tip: City-āĻāϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϝāĻŧ pavement āϞāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž.
4. Meant to Do My Work Today (8 words)
meant[/ment/]verbmedium
Meaning: āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
Alt: āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
Example: I meant to do my work today.
Syn: intendedAnt: forgot
💡 Exam tip: Meant āĻšāϞ⧋ mean-āĻāϰ past form.
brown[/braƊn/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻŽāĻŋ
Alt: āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āϰāĻ‚
Example: A brown bird sang in the tree.
Syn: chestnutAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Brown āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ adjective; āĻāϟāĻŋ noun-āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāϏ⧇.
bird[/bɜːd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ
Alt: āĻĄāĻžāύāĻž āĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻ•āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖā§€
Example: The bird sang sweetly.
Syn: fowlAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Bird-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧋ birds.
sing[/sÉĒŋ/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻ—āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Alt: āϏ⧁āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The bird sang in the apple-tree.
Syn: chantAnt: be silent
💡 Exam tip: Sing-āĻāϰ past form sang, past participle sung.
butterfly[/ˈbƌtəflaÉĒ/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻžāĻĒāϤāĻŋ
Alt: āϰāĻ™āĻŋāύ āĻĄāĻžāύāĻžāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒā§‹āĻ•āĻž
Example: A butterfly flew across the field.
Syn: insectAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Butterfly-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧋ butterflies.
flit[/flÉĒt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āωāĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋
Alt: āĻšāĻžāϞāĻ•āĻž āĻ“ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āϚāϞāĻž
Example: The butterfly flitted across the field.
Syn: dartAnt: stay
💡 Exam tip: Flitted āĻšāϞ⧋ flit-āĻāϰ past form.
leaf[/liːf/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž
Alt: āĻ—āĻžāϛ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦ⧁āϜ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ
Example: The leaves moved in the wind.
Syn: foliageAnt: none
💡 Exam tip: Leaf-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧋ leaves.
call[/kɔːl/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĄāĻžāĻ•āĻž
Alt: āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: All the leaves were calling me.
Syn: inviteAnt: reject
💡 Exam tip: Calling me āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ personification āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϗ⧁āĻŖāĻžāϰ⧋āĻĒ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ.
5. Weather and Movement (8 words)
wind[/wÉĒnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ
Alt: āϚāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁
Example: The wind blew across the land.
Syn: breezeAnt: stillness
💡 Exam tip: Wind-āĻāϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ noun āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ /wÉĒnd/.
sigh[/saÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž
Alt: āĻšāĻžāϞāĻ•āĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The wind went sighing over the land.
Syn: moanAnt: laugh
💡 Exam tip: Sighing āĻšāϞ⧋ sigh-āĻāϰ -ing form.
toss[/tɒs/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•-āĻ“āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻā§‹āϞāĻžāύ⧋
Alt: āωāĻĒāϰ⧇ āϛ⧁āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
Example: The wind was tossing the grasses.
Syn: shakeAnt: steady
💡 Exam tip: Tossing to and fro āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇-āĻĒ⧇āĻ›āύ⧇ āĻĻā§‹āϞāĻžāύ⧋.
to and fro[/tə ÃĻnd frəʊ/]advmedium
Meaning: āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•-āĻ“āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•
Alt: āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇-āĻĒ⧇āĻ›āύ⧇
Example: The branches moved to and fro.
Syn: back and forthAnt: still
💡 Exam tip: āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ adverbial phrase.
field[/fiːld/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻ 
Alt: āϚāĻžāώ āĻŦāĻž āĻ–ā§‹āϞāĻž āϜāĻŽāĻŋ
Example: The butterfly flew across the field.
Syn: meadowAnt: building
💡 Exam tip: Field country-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ.
land[/lÃĻnd/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ; āϜāĻŽāĻŋ
Alt: āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ 
Example: The wind moved over the land.
Syn: groundAnt: water
💡 Exam tip: Land-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϭ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻ“ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
shining[/ˈʃaÉĒnÉĒŋ/]adjeasy
Meaning: āĻœā§āĻŦāϞāĻœā§āĻŦāϞ⧇; āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞ
Alt: āφāϞ⧋ āĻ›āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The rainbow held out its shining hand.
Syn: brightAnt: dull
💡 Exam tip: Shining āĻšāϞ⧋ shine-āĻāϰ present participle āĻ“ adjective.
laugh[/lɑːf/]verbeasy
Meaning: āĻšāĻžāϏāĻž
Alt: āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: The poet could only laugh and go.
Syn: giggleAnt: cry
💡 Exam tip: Laugh-āĻāϰ noun form laughter.
6. Useful Poetic Expressions (8 words)
sweet-smelling[/ˌswiːt ˈsmelÉĒŋ/]adjmedium
Meaning: āϏ⧁āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϧāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ
Alt: āĻŽāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϧāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ
Example: The cart carried sweet-smelling hay.
Syn: fragrantAnt: foul-smelling
💡 Exam tip: āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ compound adjective.
take me away[/teÉĒk mi əˈweÉĒ/]verbmedium
Meaning: āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“
Alt: āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ
Example: Oh, take me away to the country again!
Syn: carry me awayAnt: bring me back
💡 Exam tip: āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ country-āϤ⧇ āĻĢāĻŋāϰ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇.
across[/əˈkrɒs/]adveasy
Meaning: āĻāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ“āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇
Alt: āĻāĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻļ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇
Example: A butterfly flitted across the field.
Syn: overAnt: along
💡 Exam tip: Across-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• noun āĻŦāϏ⧇.
held out[/held aƊt/]verbmedium
Meaning: āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϧāϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
Example: The rainbow held out its shining hand.
Syn: extendedAnt: withdrew
💡 Exam tip: Held out āĻšāϞ⧋ hold out-āĻāϰ past form.
again[/əˈɡen/]adveasy
Meaning: āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ
Alt: āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ
Example: She wanted to visit the country again.
Syn: once moreAnt: never again
💡 Exam tip: Again āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ adverb āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ.
prefer[/prÉĒˈfɜː/]verbmedium
Meaning: āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Alt: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋāϰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻž
Example: I prefer the country to the city.
Syn: like betterAnt: dislike
💡 Exam tip: Prefer A to B āĻ—āĻ āύāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ.
similar[/ˈsÉĒmÉĒlə/]adjmedium
Meaning: āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧂āĻĒ; āĻāĻ•āχ āϰāĻ•āĻŽ
Alt: āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āφāϛ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ
Example: The poets have similar opinions about the country.
Syn: alikeAnt: different
💡 Exam tip: Similar-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ to āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ: similar to.
opinion[/əˈpÉĒnjən/]nouneasy
Meaning: āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ
Alt: āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž
Example: What is your opinion about the city?
Syn: viewAnt: fact
💡 Exam tip: Opinion-āĻāϰ plural āĻšāϞ⧋ opinions.
💡 Exam Tips
â€ĸ City and country-āĻāϰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻž āϞāĻŋāĻ–āϞ⧇ city-āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ streets, trams, chimneys, pavements āĻ“ lamp-posts āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ country-āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ roads, carts, hay, grain, hedgerows āĻ“ trees āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋.
â€ĸ The country has roads āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ subject āĻ“ verb-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• agreement āĻŦāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹.
â€ĸ Poem-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ⧇ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϞ⧇āĻ–ā§‹: The bird was singing in the apple-tree.
â€ĸ Meant āĻšāϞ⧋ mean-āĻāϰ past form, sang āĻšāϞ⧋ sing-āĻāϰ past form āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ held āĻšāϞ⧋ hold-āĻāϰ past form—āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹.
â€ĸ Prefer āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ prefer A to B āĻ—āĻ āύāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧋: I prefer the country to the city.
â€ĸ To and fro-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•-āĻ“āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇-āĻĒ⧇āĻ›āύ⧇; āĻāϟāĻŋ phrase āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ.
â€ĸ Blot out-āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĸ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž; The chimneys blot out the sky āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ.
â€ĸ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϰ āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ country, trees, rain, bird, butterfly, leaves āĻ“ rainbow āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧋.
â€ĸ Similar āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ different-āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻŽāύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–ā§‹.
â€ĸ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒā§‚āϰāϪ⧇ noun, verb āĻ“ adjective āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻŦāϏāĻžāĻ“.

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